{ "model": { "rank": 18663, "code": "thing-q627625", "model_id": "vr.tr.histoplasmosis", "name": "histoplasmosis", "purpose": "Let an agent explain histoplasmosis in general terms, relay transmission, geography, forms, diagnosis, treatment approaches and prevention from CDC and infectious disease sources, route severe illness in immunocompromised people to urgent care, describe the named forms and flag incorrect classification, and distinguish histoplasmosis from tuberculosis, blastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis and cryptococcosis, without diagnosing individuals.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Cross-cutting context", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "XCT", "domain": "XCT.STA", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q627625/", "tier": 2, "score": 29, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "histoplasmosis endocarditis", "Primary pulmonary histoplasmosis", "avian histoplasmosis", "histoplasmosis meningitis", "American histoplasmosis", "Histoplasma capsulatum retinitis", "African histoplasmosis", "Histoplasma capsulatum gastritis", "Primary cutaneous histoplasmosis", "Progressive disseminated histoplasmosis", "Histoplasma duboisii pneumonia", "Histoplasma capsulatum pneumonia", "Histoplasma duboisii meningitis" ], "aliasCount": 13, "merged": 13, "knownIn": 29, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q627625", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627625", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-13T23:45:34Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 4, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q627625", "registryId": "vr.tr.histoplasmosis", "name": "histoplasmosis", "version": "0.2.0-wave.4", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "XCT.STA" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q627625/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.histoplasmosis", "name": "histoplasmosis", "purpose": "Let an agent explain histoplasmosis in general terms, relay transmission, geography, forms, diagnosis, treatment approaches and prevention from CDC and infectious disease sources, route severe illness in immunocompromised people to urgent care, describe the named forms and flag incorrect classification, and distinguish histoplasmosis from tuberculosis, blastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis and cryptococcosis, without diagnosing individuals.", "definition": "A fungal infection caused by inhaling spores of Histoplasma capsulatum, found in soil contaminated with bird or bat droppings, endemic in the Ohio and Mississippi River valleys and parts of Latin America, Africa and Asia, usually causing no symptoms or a flu-like illness, as primary pulmonary histoplasmosis, but capable of chronic lung disease or disseminated infection in people with weakened immunity, such as advanced HIV, including rare forms such as endocarditis, meningitis and retinitis linked to ocular histoplasmosis syndrome; the registry aliases also include avian histoplasmosis, although birds rarely become infected, and the registry parent genetic disease is incorrect. It is not spread person to person, and people cleaning bat or bird roosts should use protective equipment.", "what_it_is_for": "Not applicable; a fungal disease.", "affordances": [ "explain transmission and geography", "relay forms and treatment approaches", "describe named forms", "relay prevention" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Soil and droppings source", "Endemic regions", "Mostly mild", "Serious in immunocompromised people" ], "appearance": "Usually no visible signs; lung nodules or calcifications on imaging.", "visual_identification": [ "Infection with Histoplasma capsulatum", "Histoplasmosis endocarditis, primary pulmonary histoplasmosis, avian histoplasmosis, histoplasmosis meningitis, American histoplasmosis, Histoplasma capsulatum retinitis", "Tuberculosis is bacterial; blastomycosis and coccidioidomycosis are other endemic mycoses; cryptococcosis is caused by Cryptococcus" ], "physical_properties": [ { "quantity": "first described", "typical_range": "1906", "unit": "year", "note": "Samuel Darling in Panama" }, { "quantity": "transmission", "typical_range": "inhaled spores, not person to person", "unit": "note", "note": "" }, { "quantity": "registry parent error", "typical_range": "genetic disease", "unit": "note", "note": "incorrect" } ], "families_and_kinds": [ "acute pulmonary histoplasmosis", "chronic pulmonary histoplasmosis", "disseminated histoplasmosis", "ocular histoplasmosis syndrome" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "primary systemic mycosis", "why": "in registry terms" }, { "relation": "is caused by", "target": "Histoplasma capsulatum", "why": "" }, { "relation": "is treated with", "target": "itraconazole", "why": "or amphotericin B for severe disease" }, { "relation": "is contrasted with", "target": "blastomycosis", "why": "" } ], "identifiers": [], "standards_and_regulation": [ "IDSA histoplasmosis guidelines", "Occupational safety guidance for roost cleanup" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Missing disseminated disease in HIV", "Incorrect genetic classification", "Unprotected cleaning of droppings" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "understand", "name": "Understand", "description": "What histoplasmosis is.", "rationale": "Science.", "layers": [ { "id": "definition", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-finding", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is someone with weakened immunity very ill with fever, breathlessness or confusion, in which case seek urgent medical care?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "text": "What is histoplasmosis, and how does it differ from tuberculosis, blastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis and cryptococcosis?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "forms", "name": "Forms", "description": "Named forms.", "findings": [ { "id": "forms-finding", "name": "Forms", "description": "Forms.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are primary pulmonary, endocarditis, meningitis and retinitis forms, and what is avian histoplasmosis?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the specific form?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "epidemiology", "name": "Epidemiology", "description": "Transmission.", "rationale": "Science.", "layers": [ { "id": "sources", "name": "Sources", "description": "Environmental sources.", "findings": [ { "id": "sources-finding", "name": "Sources", "description": "Sources.", "questions": [ { "text": "Why is Histoplasma found in soil with bird and bat droppings?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which references are standard?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "geography", "name": "Geography", "description": "Endemic areas.", "findings": [ { "id": "geography-finding", "name": "Geography", "description": "Geography.", "questions": [ { "text": "Where is histoplasmosis endemic, and how are maps changing, with findings attributed?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which sources are cited?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "care", "name": "Care", "description": "Diagnosis and treatment.", "rationale": "Regulation.", "layers": [ { "id": "diagnosis", "name": "Diagnosis", "description": "Diagnosis.", "findings": [ { "id": "diagnosis-finding", "name": "Diagnosis", "description": "Diagnosis.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do antigen tests, cultures and imaging support diagnosis, in general terms?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits Histoplasma antigen test?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "hiv", "name": "HIV", "description": "Advanced HIV.", "findings": [ { "id": "hiv-finding", "name": "HIV", "description": "HIV.", "questions": [ { "text": "Why is disseminated histoplasmosis a major cause of death in advanced HIV, as WHO reports?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits HIV/AIDS?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "context", "name": "Context", "description": "Prevention.", "rationale": "Regulation.", "layers": [ { "id": "prevention", "name": "Prevention", "description": "Protective measures.", "findings": [ { "id": "prevention-finding", "name": "Prevention", "description": "Prevention.", "questions": [ { "text": "What protective equipment is advised when disturbing roosts or caves?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits respirator?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "caves", "name": "Caves", "description": "Cave exploration.", "findings": [ { "id": "caves-finding", "name": "Caves", "description": "Caves.", "questions": [ { "text": "What risks do cavers face from histoplasmosis?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is the information current?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "The registry parent genetic disease should be removed as incorrect", "The registry alias avian histoplasmosis should be reviewed", "How should endemic maps be linked and kept current?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "disease or condition", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a histoplasmosis, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent explain histoplasmosis in general terms, relay transmission, geography, forms, diagnosis, treatment approaches and prevention from CDC and infectious disease sources, route severe illness in immunocompromised people to urgent care, describe the named forms and flag incorrect classification, and distinguish histoplasmosis from tuberculosis, blastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis and cryptococcosis, without diagnosing individuals.", "characteristics": { "substance": "abstract", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: histoplasmosis endocarditis, Primary pulmonary histoplasmosis, avian histoplasmosis, histoplasmosis meningitis, American histoplasmosis, Histoplasma capsulatum retinitis, African histoplasmosis, Histoplasma capsulatum gastritis, Primary cutaneous histoplasmosis, Progressive disseminated histoplasmosis, Histoplasma duboisii pneumonia, Histoplasma capsulatum pneumonia.", "13 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 29 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a histoplasmosis, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "an abstraction with no physical instance", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by criteria applied to signs and findings, not by appearance. Two conditions can look identical and be distinguished only by test." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "histoplasmosis endocarditis", "Primary pulmonary histoplasmosis", "avian histoplasmosis", "histoplasmosis meningitis", "American histoplasmosis", "Histoplasma capsulatum retinitis", "African histoplasmosis", "Histoplasma capsulatum gastritis", "Primary cutaneous histoplasmosis", "Progressive disseminated histoplasmosis", "Histoplasma duboisii pneumonia", "Histoplasma capsulatum pneumonia" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 29 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 13 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one histoplasmosis from another, and a histoplasmosis from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a histoplasmosis, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a histoplasmosis, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a histoplasmosis is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a histoplasmosis, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a histoplasmosis, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a histoplasmosis is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a histoplasmosis sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a histoplasmosis, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a histoplasmosis, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a histoplasmosis is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a histoplasmosis from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a histoplasmosis, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a histoplasmosis, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a histoplasmosis is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a histoplasmosis passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a histoplasmosis between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a histoplasmosis, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a histoplasmosis, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a histoplasmosis is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a histoplasmosis, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a histoplasmosis is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a histoplasmosis, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a histoplasmosis, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a histoplasmosis is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "diagnosis-and-criteria", "name": "Diagnosis, criteria and coding", "description": "What makes a case of histoplasmosis a case, and under which revision.", "rationale": "Criteria change between revisions, so a diagnosis without its coding revision cannot be compared with a later one.", "layers": [ { "id": "criteria", "name": "Diagnostic criteria", "description": "The criteria in force and who issues them.", "findings": [ { "id": "criteria-record", "name": "Criteria, issuer and revision", "description": "What must be true for a diagnosis, according to whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "criteria-record-q01", "text": "What criteria define histoplasmosis, issued by which body, in which revision?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "criteria-record-q02", "text": "What changed between revisions that would reclassify existing cases?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "coding", "name": "Coding and terminology", "description": "The codes used to record it and their mapping.", "findings": [ { "id": "coding-record", "name": "Codes and mappings", "description": "Which classification codes apply and how they map.", "questions": [ { "id": "coding-record-q01", "text": "Which classification and terminology codes cover histoplasmosis, and how do they map to each other?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "coding-record-q02", "text": "What is lost when a case is mapped from one scheme to another?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "course-and-population", "name": "Course, population and care", "description": "How histoplasmosis develops, whom it affects, and what is done about it.", "rationale": "The condition, the diagnosis and the episode of care are three different things, and an agent must not merge them.", "layers": [ { "id": "course", "name": "Course and stages", "description": "Onset, progression, remission and outcome.", "findings": [ { "id": "course-record", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages recorded and what moves a case between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "course-record-q01", "text": "What course does histoplasmosis typically take, and what marks each stage?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "course-record-q02", "text": "What separates the condition itself from an episode of care for it?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "population", "name": "Affected populations", "description": "Who is affected, how often, and on what evidence.", "findings": [ { "id": "epidemiology", "name": "Prevalence and its basis", "description": "Rates with their population, period and source.", "questions": [ { "id": "epidemiology-q01", "text": "What prevalence or incidence is reported for histoplasmosis, in which population and period?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "epidemiology-q02", "text": "What may an agent not conclude about an individual from a population rate?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a histoplasmosis came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a histoplasmosis and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a histoplasmosis, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a histoplasmosis, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a histoplasmosis is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a histoplasmosis is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a histoplasmosis, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a histoplasmosis, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a histoplasmosis is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 5, "layers": 10, "findings": 12, "questions": 32 } } } }