{ "model": { "rank": 1338, "code": "thing-q6368", "model_id": "vr.tr.web-browser", "name": "web browser", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise a web browser, assess its ability to access and present web content, and determine which browsing actions are supported and authorised.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.OBJ", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q6368/", "tier": 2, "score": 155, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "site-specific browser", "text-based web browser", "textboard browser", "multi-accounting browser", "AI browser", "Internet Explorer 11", "agentic browser", "web browser based on Firefox", "surf", "headless browser", "Netscape", "voice browser", "mobile browser", "address bar", "agentic AI browser", "Full browser" ], "aliasCount": 16, "merged": 16, "knownIn": 155, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q6368", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6368", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T11:17:29Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 19.8, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07b95-5293-7fd0-ace1-d1a8e1a34200\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: web browser\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: PHY.OBJ\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 210 things:\n# Batch 001: 1001 regi", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 71.3, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07b95-5287-7f00-82cf-52b695d8ecea\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: web browser\nRegistry id: vr.tr.web-browser\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.OBJ\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\n\n" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q6368", "registryId": "vr.tr.web-browser", "name": "web browser", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.OBJ" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q6368/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.web-browser", "name": "web browser", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise a web browser, assess its ability to access and present web content, and determine which browsing actions are supported and authorised.", "definition": "A web browser is a software application that retrieves, interprets and presents web resources, enabling users to navigate linked documents and interact with web applications.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the web browser as a kind of software user agent for navigating, presenting and interacting with web resources, including capabilities and observable operating states; it distinguishes the kind from browser products, installed instances, embedded web views and the devices that run them.", "in_scope": [ "Navigation to web resources and management of tabs, windows and browsing history", "Presentation of web documents and execution of supported web application behaviour", "Browser profiles, sessions and persistence of site data", "Origin boundaries, site permissions and browser-mediated security decisions", "Extensions, automation interfaces, compatibility and software support state" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Host device hardware, power supply and operating system administration", "Website content, application business logic and server operation", "Search engine indexing, ranking and search results", "Network infrastructure and connectivity services", "Standalone rendering engines and embedded web views considered independently", "User identity, account ownership and authorisation policies maintained outside the browser" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Provides navigation among web resources and interaction with their content; a search engine supplies discovery results and is accessed through a client.", "Mediates document presentation, navigation and browser state; a rendering engine supplies only part of that functionality.", "Acts as a web user agent with document interaction semantics; a basic HTTP client can retrieve responses without providing a browsing environment.", "Supports browsing as its primary role; an embedded web view operates within a host application's controls and scope.", "Runs as software on a host device; it is not the physical computer or display despite the registry's PHY / PHY.OBJ assignment." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Browser interaction mode", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "graphical, text-based, headless, other, unknown", "why_it_matters": "Determines how users or agents observe content and issue browsing actions." }, { "name": "Product and release identity", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "browser product, version, release channel and distribution provider", "why_it_matters": "Connects observed behaviour to a specific implementation without treating the product as the browser kind." }, { "name": "Engine configuration", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "rendering engine and script engine identities and versions where discoverable", "why_it_matters": "Helps explain compatibility differences while allowing for platform-dependent configurations." }, { "name": "Web capability support", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "per capability: supported, partial, disabled, unsupported, untested", "why_it_matters": "Determines whether a particular document or web application can function." }, { "name": "Browsing context state", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "per tab or equivalent context: loading, interactive, suspended, failed, closed, unknown", "why_it_matters": "Prevents actions against a stale, unavailable or unintended context." }, { "name": "Profile and persistence mode", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "profile reference; regular, private, temporary or implementation-specific mode", "why_it_matters": "Identifies which browsing data and sessions an action may read or change." }, { "name": "Effective site permission", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "per origin and capability: allowed, blocked, prompt, policy-controlled, unknown", "why_it_matters": "Exposes whether a site can access a browser-mediated capability." }, { "name": "Resource footprint", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "memory in MiB and processor utilisation in percent, with workload, interval and measurement scope", "why_it_matters": "Supports diagnosis of slow or unstable browsing without assuming a universal capacity." }, { "name": "Update and support state", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "installed version, latest verified applicable version, support status and verification date", "why_it_matters": "Supports assessment of maintenance needs and known compatibility or security limitations." }, { "name": "Automation access", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "interface identity, enabled state, reachable contexts and granted control scope", "why_it_matters": "Separates technical control capability from permission to perform a particular action." } ], "affordances": [ "Open, navigate, reload and close identified browsing contexts.", "Inspect presented content and interact with page controls through supported interfaces.", "Evaluate whether required web capabilities are available in the active configuration.", "Inspect and, when authorised, change site permissions, extensions and stored browsing data.", "Transfer files through browser upload or download flows within the user's authorised scope.", "Diagnose loading failures, resource pressure and compatibility problems using browser-visible evidence." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "browser-identity-and-boundaries", "name": "Browser identity and boundaries", "description": "Establishes what counts as the browser and which implementation an observation concerns.", "rationale": "Browser kind, branded product, engine and running instance have different identities and must not be conflated.", "layers": [ { "id": "user-agent-role", "name": "User agent role", "description": "Identifies the browsing role independently of interface style or product name.", "findings": [ { "id": "browser-membership", "name": "Browser membership", "description": "Record evidence of navigation, document presentation and interaction, including limitations of text-based or headless operation.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which capabilities establish that this is a browser rather than a search service, HTTP client or document viewer?", "kind": "definition", "id": "browser-membership-q01" }, { "text": "Is the observed component an independent browser or an embedded web view controlled by another application?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "browser-membership-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "implementation-identity", "name": "Implementation identity", "description": "Connects observations to products, releases, engines and host platforms.", "findings": [ { "id": "implementation-provenance", "name": "Implementation provenance", "description": "Record the actual browser build and its engine configuration without assuming branding or an advertised user-agent string fully identifies them.", "questions": [ { "text": "What inspected evidence identifies the product, version, release channel and distribution provider?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "implementation-provenance-q01" }, { "text": "Which rendering and script engines does this build use on the observed host platform?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "implementation-provenance-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "web-content-processing", "name": "Web content processing", "description": "Describes the browser's ability to retrieve, interpret and expose web content.", "rationale": "Retrieving a resource does not establish that its layout, scripts, media or interaction will work.", "layers": [ { "id": "document-and-runtime-capabilities", "name": "Document and runtime capabilities", "description": "Records support for the features a particular web task requires.", "findings": [ { "id": "required-feature-compatibility", "name": "Required feature compatibility", "description": "Assess relevant document, styling, scripting and media capabilities against the active build and settings.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which HTML, CSS, scripting, media or other web capabilities does the intended task require?", "kind": "definition", "id": "required-feature-compatibility-q01" }, { "text": "Which requirements have been tested, and which are partial, disabled or unsupported in this configuration?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "required-feature-compatibility-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "presentation-and-access", "name": "Presentation and access", "description": "Distinguishes received content from what a user or agent can perceive and operate.", "findings": [ { "id": "observable-content-and-controls", "name": "Observable content and controls", "description": "Record the available visual, textual and accessibility representations and the input methods that can operate page controls.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which content and controls are observable through the available viewport, document or accessibility interface?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "observable-content-and-controls-q01" }, { "text": "Which supported input method can activate the intended control, and how can the resulting page state be verified?", "kind": "action", "id": "observable-content-and-controls-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "navigation-and-browsing-state", "name": "Navigation and browsing state", "description": "Tracks browsing contexts, navigation outcomes and continuity of local sessions.", "rationale": "Browser actions depend on the active context and retained state, not just the requested URL.", "layers": [ { "id": "contexts-and-navigation", "name": "Contexts and navigation", "description": "Identifies tabs, windows and frames and distinguishes requested destinations from loaded resources.", "findings": [ { "id": "navigation-target-and-readiness", "name": "Navigation target and readiness", "description": "Record the target context, requested and resulting URL, redirects and evidence that the intended interaction is ready.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which tab, window or frame is the action targeting, and what URL and origin are currently loaded there?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "navigation-target-and-readiness-q01" }, { "text": "What observation establishes completion, failure or readiness for the next action after navigation?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "navigation-target-and-readiness-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "profiles-and-retained-data", "name": "Profiles and retained data", "description": "Locates session continuity and stored data within the browser's profile and persistence boundaries.", "findings": [ { "id": "session-and-storage-scope", "name": "Session and storage scope", "description": "Record which profile and browsing mode hold cookies, site storage, history and other retained data relevant to the task.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which profile, storage partition and persistence mode contain the current site's session state?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "session-and-storage-scope-q01" }, { "text": "What data would closing the context, ending the session or clearing site data remove, and what would remain?", "kind": "action", "id": "session-and-storage-scope-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "web-trust-and-permissions", "name": "Web trust and permissions", "description": "Captures browser-mediated boundaries between sites, local capabilities and user-authorised actions.", "rationale": "A browser processes remote content while controlling access to sensitive capabilities and local state.", "layers": [ { "id": "origin-and-connection-boundaries", "name": "Origin and connection boundaries", "description": "Separates resource identity and connection evidence from claims that a site or its content is trustworthy.", "findings": [ { "id": "origin-and-connection-evidence", "name": "Origin and connection evidence", "description": "Record the relevant origins, browser-reported connection state and any security warnings affecting the current resource.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which origins supply the top-level document and the frames involved in the intended action?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "origin-and-connection-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "What connection or certificate warnings does the browser report, and which resource does each warning concern?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "origin-and-connection-evidence-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "capability-grants-and-user-intent", "name": "Capability grants and user intent", "description": "Relates site permissions and browser prompts to the authority required for a concrete action.", "findings": [ { "id": "effective-permission-and-action-authority", "name": "Effective permission and action authority", "description": "Record effective grants for capabilities such as location, camera, microphone and clipboard, together with the user's authorisation for their use.", "questions": [ { "text": "What effective permission applies to the requesting origin, and is it limited by browser settings, host controls or managed policy?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "effective-permission-and-action-authority-q01" }, { "text": "Does the intended capability use, file transfer or external submission fall within the user's authorised action?", "kind": "action", "id": "effective-permission-and-action-authority-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "browser-operation-and-control", "name": "Browser operation and control", "description": "Covers configuration changes, automation, maintenance and diagnosis of browser-specific failures.", "rationale": "Extensions, control interfaces, build support and runtime condition can change both browser behaviour and the reliability of agent actions.", "layers": [ { "id": "extensions-and-automation", "name": "Extensions and automation", "description": "Identifies added browser capabilities and the interfaces through which an agent can control them.", "findings": [ { "id": "effective-control-surface", "name": "Effective control surface", "description": "Record enabled extensions and automation interfaces, their permissions and the contexts they can observe or modify.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which extensions or managed settings can alter the target page, request handling or browser interaction?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "effective-control-surface-q01" }, { "text": "Which automation interface is available, what contexts can it control, and how will the agent verify it is acting in the intended one?", "kind": "action", "id": "effective-control-surface-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "health-and-maintenance", "name": "Health and maintenance", "description": "Assesses browser failures and maintenance needs using versioned and workload-specific evidence.", "findings": [ { "id": "failure-diagnosis-and-recovery", "name": "Failure diagnosis and recovery", "description": "Record symptoms, resource use, update status and recovery options while distinguishing browser faults from site or network failures.", "questions": [ { "text": "What evidence separates a browser crash, extension conflict or resource limit from a website error or network failure?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "failure-diagnosis-and-recovery-q01" }, { "text": "Which recovery or update action is appropriate, and what unsaved page state or active session could it disrupt?", "kind": "action", "id": "failure-diagnosis-and-recovery-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "This describes the software-application sense; the supplied PHY.OBJ classification should be checked because a browser is not itself a physical device.", "Standards support varies by browser, engine, version and operating environment; listing a standard does not imply complete conformance.", "No universal capacity, dimension or performance range characterizes browsers; meaningful measurements require a specified workload, hardware configuration and version." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of web browser this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Desktop browser", "Mobile browser", "Text-based browser", "Headless browser" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of web browser this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "HTTP User-Agent product tokens", "value_or_pattern": "product/version", "note": "Browser requests may include multiple product tokens and compatibility claims; these do not reliably identify the actual browser or its exact version." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of web browser this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "HTML Living Standard - WHATWG", "URL Standard - WHATWG", "Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) specifications - W3C", "ECMAScript language specification, ECMA-262 - Ecma International", "HTTP Semantics, RFC 9110 - IETF" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of web browser this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Reading and navigating websites", "Running interactive web applications", "Playing web-delivered audio and video", "Downloading and uploading files", "Testing and debugging websites, including automated testing with headless browsers" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of web browser this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Rendering or scripting incompatibilities can make pages display incorrectly or prevent interactions.", "Malicious pages can exploit browser vulnerabilities, potentially compromising data or the host system.", "Phishing pages and deceptive interface elements can induce users to disclose credentials or authorize unwanted actions.", "Extensions with broad permissions can expose browsing activity or modify page content.", "Resource-intensive pages can exhaust memory, consume processor time or cause tabs to become unresponsive." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of web browser this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Search engine", "difference": "A search engine finds and ranks resources; a browser retrieves and presents resources, including search-engine interfaces." }, { "name": "Browser engine", "difference": "A browser engine implements core content-processing and rendering functions; a browser integrates such components with navigation, user controls and other application functions." }, { "name": "Web server", "difference": "A web server serves resources in response to requests; a browser generally acts as the client requesting and presenting them." }, { "name": "HTTP client", "difference": "An HTTP client exchanges HTTP messages; a browser additionally interprets and presents web content and supports navigation." }, { "name": "WebView", "difference": "A WebView embeds browser capabilities inside another application, typically without the full independent browsing interface." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of web browser this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should the registry's PHY / PHY.OBJ placement be retained as a tool classification or revised to reflect that the browser is software?", "Does the registry already link this concept to a world model that should remain its single source of truth?", "Where should the authoritative boundary lie between independent browsers, headless browser runtimes and embedded web views?", "Which primary specifications and conformance tests should ground the researched model, and which requirements vary by implementation?", "What implementation-specific retention, storage partitioning and permission behaviour must be verified before describing private browsing or profile isolation?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 17, "questions": 27 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "device, machine or tool", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a web browser, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an agent to recognise a web browser, assess its ability to access and present web content, and determine which browsing actions are supported and authorised.", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "manufactured", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "varies" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: site-specific browser, text-based web browser, textboard browser, multi-accounting browser, AI browser, Internet Explorer 11, agentic browser, web browser based on Firefox, surf, headless browser, Netscape, voice browser.", "16 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 155 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a web browser, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Mobility varies between examples.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by form, by the arrangement of its controls, and by markings - a plate, a model number, a certification mark. Form alone rarely separates two models that do very different things." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "site-specific browser", "text-based web browser", "textboard browser", "multi-accounting browser", "AI browser", "Internet Explorer 11", "agentic browser", "web browser based on Firefox", "surf", "headless browser", "Netscape", "voice browser" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 155 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 16 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one web browser from another, and a web browser from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a web browser, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a web browser, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a web browser is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a web browser, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a web browser, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a web browser is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a web browser sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a web browser, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a web browser, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a web browser is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a web browser from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a web browser, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a web browser, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a web browser is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a web browser is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a web browser, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a web browser, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a web browser is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a web browser is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a web browser, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a web browser, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a web browser is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a web browser is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a web browser, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a web browser, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a web browser is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a web browser is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a web browser is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a web browser, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a web browser, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a web browser is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a web browser is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a web browser, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a web browser, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a web browser is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a web browser passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a web browser between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a web browser, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a web browser, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a web browser is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a web browser, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a web browser is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a web browser, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a web browser, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a web browser is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "function-and-principle", "name": "Function and operating principle", "description": "What web browser is for and how it achieves it.", "rationale": "Two devices with the same name can work on different principles, and the principle is what predicts failure and constrains use.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-function", "name": "Intended function", "description": "The job it does, and the jobs it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-record", "name": "Function, principle and variants", "description": "What it does, how, and which variants do it differently.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-record-q01", "text": "What function does web browser perform, on what operating principle, and which variants differ in that principle?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "function-record-q02", "text": "What use falls outside the intended function but happens in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "capacity-and-rating", "name": "Capacity and rating", "description": "The numbers that say what it can do and where it stops.", "findings": [ { "id": "ratings", "name": "Ratings and their conditions", "description": "Rated capacity, power, throughput and the conditions each assumes.", "questions": [ { "id": "ratings-q01", "text": "What ratings characterise web browser, in what units, and under what stated conditions?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "ratings-q02", "text": "What happens beyond the rating - degradation, refusal, damage - and how is that detected?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "operation-and-state", "name": "Operation, controls and state", "description": "How web browser is operated and what state it is in right now.", "rationale": "An agent acting on a device needs its current state and the controls that change it, not just its specification.", "layers": [ { "id": "controls-and-modes", "name": "Controls and modes", "description": "What can be set, what that changes, and what is interlocked.", "findings": [ { "id": "control-surface", "name": "Control surface and interlocks", "description": "The settings available and the conditions that block them.", "questions": [ { "id": "control-surface-q01", "text": "What controls and modes does web browser have, and what does each change?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "control-surface-q02", "text": "Which actions are interlocked or forbidden in which state, and what must be true before acting?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-maintenance", "name": "Condition and maintenance", "description": "Wear, service intervals, consumables and the line between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "service-record", "name": "Condition, service and consumables", "description": "What is consumed, what is serviced, and how condition is judged.", "questions": [ { "id": "service-record-q01", "text": "What consumables and service does web browser need, at what interval, and on whose authority?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "service-record-q02", "text": "What evidence separates a unit that is working from one that is out of service?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "kind-model-unit", "name": "Kind, model and unit", "description": "Whether a claim about web browser is about the kind, a product line, or one physical unit.", "rationale": "This is the boundary most often got wrong for made things, and getting it wrong mixes a catalogue entry with the machine in the yard.", "layers": [ { "id": "level-of-reference", "name": "Level of reference", "description": "The three levels and what belongs at each.", "findings": [ { "id": "level-rules", "name": "What belongs to kind, model and unit", "description": "Which properties are shared by all of them and which are not.", "questions": [ { "id": "level-rules-q01", "text": "Which facts about web browser hold for every one of them, which for a model, and which only for one unit?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "level-rules-q02", "text": "What identifies an individual unit, and what should an agent do when it has only the kind?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "standards-and-conformity", "name": "Standards and conformity", "description": "The standards a working example must meet and who attests it.", "findings": [ { "id": "conformity", "name": "Standards, marks and attestation", "description": "Which standard applies, who certifies, and what the mark means.", "questions": [ { "id": "conformity-q01", "text": "Which standards govern web browser, issued by whom, and what does conformity actually assert?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "conformity-q02", "text": "What may an agent conclude from a certification mark, and what may it not?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a web browser came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a web browser and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a web browser, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a web browser, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a web browser is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a web browser is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a web browser, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a web browser, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a web browser is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }