{ "model": { "rank": 9815, "code": "thing-q64122", "model_id": "vr.tr.electromagnetic-pulse", "name": "electromagnetic pulse", "purpose": "Let an agent explain electromagnetic pulse and its natural and artificial sources in general terms, relay effects on infrastructure and protection standards from public sources, present policy debates with attribution, and avoid operational detail on weapons.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Cross-cutting context", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "XCT", "domain": "XCT.STA", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q64122/", "tier": 2, "score": 46, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "coronal mass ejection", "nuclear electromagnetic pulse", "set and reset" ], "aliasCount": 3, "merged": 3, "knownIn": 46, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q64122", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q64122", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-13T01:37:50Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 3, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q64122", "registryId": "vr.tr.electromagnetic-pulse", "name": "electromagnetic pulse", "version": "0.2.0-wave.3", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "XCT.STA" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q64122/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.electromagnetic-pulse", "name": "electromagnetic pulse", "purpose": "Let an agent explain electromagnetic pulse and its natural and artificial sources in general terms, relay effects on infrastructure and protection standards from public sources, present policy debates with attribution, and avoid operational detail on weapons.", "definition": "A short burst of electromagnetic energy that can disrupt or damage electronic equipment, arising from natural sources such as lightning and the geomagnetic storms driven by coronal mass ejections, or from artificial sources including nuclear detonations at high altitude and specialised devices; electromagnetic pulse is a concern for power grids, communications and satellites, is addressed by shielding and hardening standards, and is the subject of policy debate, while the phrase set and reset pulse names an unrelated circuit signal.", "what_it_is_for": "Not applicable; a physical phenomenon and hazard.", "affordances": [ "explain the phenomenon and sources", "relay effects and protection", "present policy debates", "distinguish related terms" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Broadband transient", "Natural and artificial sources", "Infrastructure vulnerability", "Hardening standards" ], "appearance": "Not a visible object; a transient recorded on instruments.", "visual_identification": [ "Transient electromagnetic burst", "Lightning, geomagnetic storms, nuclear EMP, specialised devices", "A coronal mass ejection is the solar source, not the pulse itself; set and reset pulses are circuit signals" ], "physical_properties": [ { "quantity": "nuclear EMP E1 rise time", "typical_range": "nanoseconds", "unit": "time", "note": "per public standards" }, { "quantity": "Carrington event", "typical_range": "1859", "unit": "year", "note": "largest recorded geomagnetic storm" } ], "families_and_kinds": [ "lightning electromagnetic pulse", "geomagnetic disturbances from coronal mass ejections", "nuclear electromagnetic pulse with E1, E2 and E3 components as described in public standards", "non-nuclear EMP devices", "electrostatic discharge as a small-scale transient" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "pulse", "why": "in registry terms" }, { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "transient", "why": "in registry terms" }, { "relation": "is caused by", "target": "coronal mass ejection", "why": "in the geomagnetic case" }, { "relation": "is mitigated by", "target": "electromagnetic shielding", "why": "and hardening" } ], "identifiers": [ { "scheme": "IEC 61000-2-9", "value_or_pattern": "HEMP environment", "note": "public standard" }, { "scheme": "MIL-STD-188-125", "value_or_pattern": "HEMP protection", "note": "public standard" } ], "standards_and_regulation": [ "IEC 61000 series on electromagnetic compatibility and HEMP", "Grid reliability standards for geomagnetic disturbances", "National infrastructure protection policies", "Nuclear test ban treaties" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Grid and communications outages", "Satellite damage", "Agents providing weapon detail", "Speculative or alarmist claims" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "understand", "name": "Understand", "description": "What EMP is.", "rationale": "Science.", "layers": [ { "id": "definition", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition and sources.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-finding", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is an electromagnetic pulse, and what natural and artificial sources produce it?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Is the question about the physics and infrastructure effects, or about weapon detail, which the model does not give?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "physics", "name": "Physics", "description": "Physics.", "findings": [ { "id": "physics-finding", "name": "Physics", "description": "Physics.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do lightning, geomagnetic storms and high-altitude detonations couple energy into systems, at the level of public standards?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the specific source?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "protect", "name": "Protect", "description": "Effects and protection.", "rationale": "Regulation.", "layers": [ { "id": "effects", "name": "Effects", "description": "Effects on infrastructure.", "findings": [ { "id": "effects-finding", "name": "Effects", "description": "Effects.", "questions": [ { "text": "What effects can EMP and geomagnetic storms have on grids, communications and satellites, as reported?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which sources are cited?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "hardening", "name": "Hardening", "description": "Hardening and standards.", "findings": [ { "id": "hardening-finding", "name": "Hardening", "description": "Hardening.", "questions": [ { "text": "What shielding, surge protection and standards protect systems?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which references are standard?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "policy", "name": "Policy", "description": "Policy and debate.", "rationale": "Attribution.", "layers": [ { "id": "policy", "name": "Policy", "description": "Policy.", "findings": [ { "id": "policy-finding", "name": "Policy", "description": "Policy.", "questions": [ { "text": "What do governments and commissions say about EMP and space weather preparedness, with positions attributed?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is the presentation neutral and non-alarmist?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "space", "name": "Space", "description": "Space weather.", "findings": [ { "id": "space-finding", "name": "Space", "description": "Space.", "questions": [ { "text": "How is space weather forecast, and what happened in past storms such as 1859 and 1989?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits space weather?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "context", "name": "Context", "description": "History and culture.", "rationale": "Context.", "layers": [ { "id": "history", "name": "History", "description": "History.", "findings": [ { "id": "history-finding", "name": "History", "description": "History.", "questions": [ { "text": "How was EMP observed in early tests and studied since, from public histories?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the history of electromagnetic compatibility?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "culture", "name": "Culture", "description": "Culture.", "findings": [ { "id": "culture-finding", "name": "Culture", "description": "Culture.", "questions": [ { "text": "How is EMP portrayed in fiction, and how does that differ from documented effects?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits EMP in fiction?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should geomagnetic storm and nuclear EMP be separate entries?", "How should protection standards be linked?", "The registry entry has merged aliases naming a solar source and a circuit signal; should they be split off?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a electromagnetic pulse, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent explain electromagnetic pulse and its natural and artificial sources in general terms, relay effects on infrastructure and protection standards from public sources, present policy debates with attribution, and avoid operational detail on weapons.", "characteristics": { "substance": "abstract", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: coronal mass ejection, nuclear electromagnetic pulse, set and reset.", "3 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 46 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a electromagnetic pulse, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "an abstraction with no physical instance", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "coronal mass ejection", "nuclear electromagnetic pulse", "set and reset" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 46 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 3 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one electromagnetic pulse from another, and a electromagnetic pulse from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a electromagnetic pulse, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a electromagnetic pulse, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a electromagnetic pulse is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a electromagnetic pulse, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a electromagnetic pulse, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a electromagnetic pulse is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a electromagnetic pulse sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a electromagnetic pulse, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a electromagnetic pulse, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a electromagnetic pulse is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a electromagnetic pulse from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a electromagnetic pulse, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a electromagnetic pulse, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a electromagnetic pulse is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a electromagnetic pulse passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a electromagnetic pulse between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a electromagnetic pulse, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a electromagnetic pulse, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a electromagnetic pulse is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a electromagnetic pulse, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a electromagnetic pulse is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a electromagnetic pulse, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a electromagnetic pulse, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a electromagnetic pulse is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What electromagnetic pulse is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of electromagnetic pulse are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is electromagnetic pulse operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of electromagnetic pulse and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of electromagnetic pulse?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as electromagnetic pulse?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a electromagnetic pulse came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a electromagnetic pulse and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a electromagnetic pulse, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a electromagnetic pulse, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a electromagnetic pulse is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a electromagnetic pulse is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a electromagnetic pulse, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a electromagnetic pulse, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a electromagnetic pulse is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 5, "layers": 10, "findings": 12, "questions": 32 } } } }