{ "model": { "rank": 12584, "code": "thing-q650241", "model_id": "vr.tr.financial-institution", "name": "financial institution", "purpose": "Let an agent help people check whether a financial institution is authorised, understand protections and complaint routes, and spot scams, without giving personal financial advice.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Society, people and institutions", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "SOC", "domain": "SOC.ORG", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q650241/", "tier": 2, "score": 39, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "development finance agency", "brokerage firm", "credit rating agency", "banker's house", "non-bank consumer credit provider", "systemically important financial institution", "Choki shinyo ginko", "building and loan association", "loan bank", "Funerary institution", "green investment bank", "financial intermediary", "savings and loan association", "zombie bank", "supermarket bank", "export credit agency", "bankers' clearing house", "community development financial institution", "depository institution", "development bank", "Edge Act Corporation", "Local Government Funding Agency", "monetary authority", "credit institution", "shell bank", "multilateral financial institution", "community development credit union", "Bell Direct", "brokerage bureau", "Bell Potter", "registered credit rating agency of Japan", "systemically important bank", "self-help group", "Export–Import Bank", "Indonesian regional development bank", "Community development bank", "Revolving Loan Fund", "real estate bank", "Landesbank", "credit organization (business in Russia)" ], "aliasCount": 43, "merged": 43, "knownIn": 39, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": "vr.tr.financial-institution", "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q650241", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q650241", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-11T12:12:48Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 1, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q650241", "registryId": "vr.tr.financial-institution", "name": "financial institution", "version": "0.2.0-wave.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "SOC.ORG" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q650241/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.financial-institution", "name": "financial institution", "purpose": "Let an agent help people check whether a financial institution is authorised, understand protections and complaint routes, and spot scams, without giving personal financial advice.", "definition": "An organisation that provides financial services such as deposits, loans, payments, investment, insurance or brokerage, including banks, credit unions, building societies, insurers, investment firms and development finance institutions, usually regulated by financial authorities.", "what_it_is_for": "Providing financial services to people, businesses and governments.", "affordances": [ "check whether a firm is authorised", "find deposit and investor protection schemes", "make complaints to an ombudsman", "recognise investment and impersonation scams" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Provides financial services", "Usually licensed", "Subject to prudential and conduct rules", "Some are systemically important" ], "appearance": "Branches, offices, apps and websites with regulatory disclosures.", "visual_identification": [ "Regulatory registration numbers", "Deposit protection notices", "Unregulated firms may imitate real ones" ], "physical_properties": [], "families_and_kinds": [ "commercial and retail banks", "credit unions and building societies", "insurers", "investment and brokerage firms", "central and development banks" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "organization", "why": "category" }, { "relation": "includes", "target": "bank", "why": "kind" }, { "relation": "is supervised by", "target": "financial regulator", "why": "regulator" }, { "relation": "is related to", "target": "deposit insurance", "why": "protection" } ], "identifiers": [], "standards_and_regulation": [ "Basel Committee standards", "National banking and financial services law", "Deposit guarantee and investor compensation schemes" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Clone firm and impersonation scams", "Institution failures", "Agents giving personal financial advice" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "verify", "name": "Verify", "description": "Authorisation.", "rationale": "Registers protect consumers.", "layers": [ { "id": "register", "name": "Register", "description": "Regulator register.", "findings": [ { "id": "register-finding", "name": "Register", "description": "Authorisation.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is the firm authorised by the regulator for this activity?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Do the contact details match the official register?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "clone", "name": "Clone", "description": "Impersonation.", "findings": [ { "id": "clone-finding", "name": "Clone", "description": "Clone firms.", "questions": [ { "text": "Could this be a clone firm using a real firm name?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "text": "Which regulator warning list should be checked?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "protection", "name": "Protection", "description": "Safety nets.", "rationale": "Schemes protect customers.", "layers": [ { "id": "deposits", "name": "Deposits", "description": "Deposit guarantees.", "findings": [ { "id": "deposits-finding", "name": "Deposits", "description": "Deposit protection.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which deposit guarantee scheme covers this institution, and up to what limit?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which products are covered?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "complaints", "name": "Complaints", "description": "Ombudsman.", "findings": [ { "id": "complaints-finding", "name": "Complaints", "description": "Complaints.", "questions": [ { "text": "How can a complaint be made to the firm and then to an ombudsman?", "kind": "action" }, { "text": "What are the time limits?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "scams", "name": "Scams", "description": "Fraud.", "rationale": "Scams are common.", "layers": [ { "id": "signs", "name": "Signs", "description": "Warning signs.", "findings": [ { "id": "signs-finding", "name": "Signs", "description": "Scam signs.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the offer show warning signs such as guaranteed high returns or pressure?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "text": "Which official scam guidance applies?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "victim", "name": "Victim", "description": "After a scam.", "findings": [ { "id": "victim-finding", "name": "Victim", "description": "After a scam.", "questions": [ { "text": "Has someone already sent money to a possible scam?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "text": "Should they contact their bank immediately and report to police?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "limits", "name": "Limits", "description": "Agent conduct.", "rationale": "No personal advice.", "layers": [ { "id": "advice", "name": "Advice", "description": "Personal decisions.", "findings": [ { "id": "advice-finding", "name": "Advice", "description": "Advice limits.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is the user asking which product they personally should choose or invest in?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "text": "How should the agent point to regulated advice or free guidance services?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "explain", "name": "Explain", "description": "General information.", "findings": [ { "id": "explain-finding", "name": "Explain", "description": "General information.", "questions": [ { "text": "What general information about this type of institution can be given?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Which neutral sources explain it?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should institution types be separate entries?", "How should regulator registers be linked?", "How should systemic importance be recorded?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "organisation or institution", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a financial institution, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent help people check whether a financial institution is authorised, understand protections and complaint routes, and spot scams, without giving personal financial advice.", "characteristics": { "substance": "social", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "collective" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: development finance agency, brokerage firm, credit rating agency, banker's house, non-bank consumer credit provider, systemically important financial institution, Choki shinyo ginko, building and loan association, loan bank, Funerary institution, green investment bank, financial intermediary.", "43 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 39 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a financial institution, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "a social arrangement between people", "physicalCharacter": [ "Acts through people, and only through them.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. Recognised by name, register entry and the people acting in its name, and those change while it stays the same body." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "development finance agency", "brokerage firm", "credit rating agency", "banker's house", "non-bank consumer credit provider", "systemically important financial institution", "Choki shinyo ginko", "building and loan association", "loan bank", "Funerary institution", "green investment bank", "financial intermediary" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 39 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 43 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one financial institution from another, and a financial institution from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a financial institution, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a financial institution, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a financial institution is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a financial institution, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a financial institution, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a financial institution is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a financial institution sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a financial institution, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a financial institution, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a financial institution is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a financial institution from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a financial institution, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a financial institution, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a financial institution is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a financial institution passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a financial institution between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a financial institution, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a financial institution, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a financial institution is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a financial institution, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a financial institution is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a financial institution, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a financial institution, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a financial institution is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "people-and-responsibility", "name": "People, roles and responsibility", "description": "Who stands in what relation to a financial institution.", "rationale": "Social things are defined by the relations people hold to them, and those relations change without the thing changing.", "layers": [ { "id": "roles-and-parties", "name": "Roles and parties", "description": "The roles that exist around a financial institution and who fills them.", "findings": [ { "id": "role-assignments", "name": "Role assignments and their validity", "description": "Who holds which role over a financial institution, from when, and on whose authority.", "questions": [ { "id": "role-assignments-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a role over a financial institution, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "role-assignments-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a role over a financial institution, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "role-assignments-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a role over a financial institution is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "ownership-and-accountability", "name": "Ownership and accountability", "description": "Who answers for a financial institution and who may decide about it.", "findings": [ { "id": "accountability", "name": "Accountability and decision rights", "description": "Where responsibility for a financial institution sits when something goes wrong.", "questions": [ { "id": "accountability-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes responsibility for a financial institution, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "accountability-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about responsibility for a financial institution, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "accountability-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once responsibility for a financial institution is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "legal-identity", "name": "Legal identity and mandate", "description": "What financial institution is in law and what it exists to do.", "rationale": "Legal identity survives changes of name, address, staff and premises, which is exactly why it must be recorded separately from all of them.", "layers": [ { "id": "registration", "name": "Legal form and registration", "description": "Form, register, identifiers and jurisdiction.", "findings": [ { "id": "registration-record", "name": "Registration and identifiers", "description": "What names this body unambiguously in law.", "questions": [ { "id": "registration-record-q01", "text": "What legal form does financial institution take, in which register, under which identifier?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "registration-record-q02", "text": "What survives a rename, a merger or a move of premises, and what does not?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "mandate", "name": "Mandate and governing instrument", "description": "The purpose it is bound to and the document that binds it.", "findings": [ { "id": "mandate-record", "name": "Mandate and its source", "description": "What it may do, and the instrument that says so.", "questions": [ { "id": "mandate-record-q01", "text": "What is the mandate of financial institution, and which founding or governing instrument grants it?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "mandate-record-q02", "text": "What lies outside the mandate, and what should an agent do when asked for it?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "governance-and-membership", "name": "Governance, membership and decision rights", "description": "Who decides in financial institution and who belongs to it.", "rationale": "Authority inside an organisation is held by roles, not people, and an agent needs to know which role can commit it.", "layers": [ { "id": "decision-rights", "name": "Decision rights", "description": "Bodies, offices and what each may bind.", "findings": [ { "id": "authority-map", "name": "Who may bind the organisation", "description": "The offices that can commit it and their limits.", "questions": [ { "id": "authority-map-q01", "text": "Which bodies or offices of financial institution may take which decisions, and up to what limit?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "authority-map-q02", "text": "What evidence shows that a given person currently holds that office?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "membership", "name": "Membership and affiliation", "description": "Who counts as part of it and on what terms.", "findings": [ { "id": "membership-rules", "name": "Membership and its evidence", "description": "Classes of member, how membership starts and ends.", "questions": [ { "id": "membership-rules-q01", "text": "What kinds of membership or affiliation does financial institution have, and how does each begin and end?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "membership-rules-q02", "text": "What may a member do in its name, and what may they not?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a financial institution came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a financial institution and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a financial institution, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a financial institution, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a financial institution is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a financial institution is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a financial institution, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a financial institution, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a financial institution is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }