{ "model": { "rank": 14547, "code": "thing-q6504956", "model_id": "vr.tr.data-visualization", "name": "data visualization", "purpose": "Let an agent explain data visualisation, relay chart types, principles, history, tools and accessibility from statistics and design sources, describe the named forms, relay how to spot misleading charts, and distinguish data visualisation from infographics as editorial design, dashboards, statistical analysis and art.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Cross-cutting context", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "XCT", "domain": "XCT.QLT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q6504956/", "tier": 2, "score": 35, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "immersive analytics", "Interactive data visualization", "scientific visualization", "Cinematic scientific visualization", "mosaic plot", "proportional symbol map", "Chernoff face", "Electropherogram", "Visualization of RNA sequencing data", "map visualization", "slice and dice", "paper-and-pencil game", "biological data visualization", "edge bundling", "neighborhood graph" ], "aliasCount": 15, "merged": 15, "knownIn": 35, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q6504956", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6504956", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-14T00:17:13Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 4, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q6504956", "registryId": "vr.tr.data-visualization", "name": "data visualization", "version": "0.2.0-wave.4", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "XCT.QLT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q6504956/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.data-visualization", "name": "data visualization", "purpose": "Let an agent explain data visualisation, relay chart types, principles, history, tools and accessibility from statistics and design sources, describe the named forms, relay how to spot misleading charts, and distinguish data visualisation from infographics as editorial design, dashboards, statistical analysis and art.", "definition": "The practice of representing data graphically to support exploration, analysis and communication, using charts, maps, diagrams and interactive displays, with forms the registry aliases name including interactive data visualisation, scientific visualisation of simulations and measurements, cinematic scientific visualisation for public audiences, immersive analytics in virtual and augmented reality, mosaic plots for categorical data and proportional symbol maps; influential figures include William Playfair, Florence Nightingale, Jacques Bertin and Edward Tufte, and principles such as appropriate encoding, honest axes and accessible colour help avoid misleading graphics. Visualisations can mislead through truncated axes or cherry-picked data, so evaluation matters.", "what_it_is_for": "Understanding and communicating data.", "affordances": [ "explain chart types and principles", "relay history", "describe named forms", "relay accessibility and misleading chart checks" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Visual encoding", "Exploration and communication", "Design principles", "Risk of misleading" ], "appearance": "Charts, graphs, maps and interactive displays.", "visual_identification": [ "Graphical representation of data", "Immersive analytics, interactive data visualisation, scientific visualisation, cinematic scientific visualisation, mosaic plot, proportional symbol map", "Infographics combine text and images editorially; dashboards monitor metrics; statistical analysis computes results; data art prioritises aesthetics" ], "physical_properties": [ { "quantity": "Playfair s bar and line charts", "typical_range": "1786", "unit": "year", "note": "The Commercial and Political Atlas" }, { "quantity": "Nightingale rose diagram", "typical_range": "1858", "unit": "year", "note": "" }, { "quantity": "Bertin Semiologie graphique", "typical_range": "1967", "unit": "year", "note": "" } ], "families_and_kinds": [ "statistical charts", "thematic maps", "network and hierarchical diagrams", "scientific visualisation", "interactive and immersive visualisation" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "visualization", "why": "in registry terms" }, { "relation": "includes", "target": "mosaic plot", "why": "" }, { "relation": "includes", "target": "proportional symbol map", "why": "" }, { "relation": "is contrasted with", "target": "infographic", "why": "" } ], "identifiers": [], "standards_and_regulation": [ "WCAG accessibility guidance for non-text content", "Official statistics presentation guidelines" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Misleading axes and scales", "Inaccessible colour choices", "Overplotting and clutter" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "understand", "name": "Understand", "description": "What data visualisation is.", "rationale": "Definition.", "layers": [ { "id": "definition", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-finding", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is data visualisation, and how does it differ from infographics, dashboards, statistical analysis and data art?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Is the question about making charts, reading them critically, tools or history?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "forms", "name": "Forms", "description": "Named forms.", "findings": [ { "id": "forms-finding", "name": "Forms", "description": "Forms.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are immersive analytics, interactive, scientific and cinematic visualisation, mosaic plots and proportional symbol maps?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the specific form?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "principles", "name": "Principles", "description": "Principles.", "rationale": "Sources.", "layers": [ { "id": "encoding", "name": "Encoding", "description": "Visual encoding.", "findings": [ { "id": "encoding-finding", "name": "Encoding", "description": "Encoding.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do position, length, colour and area encode data, and which are perceived most accurately?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which references are standard?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "misleading", "name": "Misleading charts", "description": "Misleading charts.", "findings": [ { "id": "misleading-finding", "name": "Misleading charts", "description": "Misleading charts.", "questions": [ { "text": "How can truncated axes and cherry-picking mislead, and how can readers check?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which sources are cited?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "history", "name": "History", "description": "History.", "rationale": "Sources.", "layers": [ { "id": "playfair", "name": "Playfair", "description": "Early charts.", "findings": [ { "id": "playfair-finding", "name": "Playfair", "description": "Playfair.", "questions": [ { "text": "How did Playfair and Nightingale pioneer statistical graphics?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits William Playfair?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "tufte", "name": "Tufte", "description": "Modern theory.", "findings": [ { "id": "tufte-finding", "name": "Tufte", "description": "Tufte.", "questions": [ { "text": "What did Bertin and Tufte contribute, and what critiques exist of chartjunk ideas, with views attributed?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is the presentation neutral and attributed?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "context", "name": "Context", "description": "Access and tools.", "rationale": "Regulation.", "layers": [ { "id": "accessibility", "name": "Accessibility", "description": "Accessible charts.", "findings": [ { "id": "accessibility-finding", "name": "Accessibility", "description": "Accessibility.", "questions": [ { "text": "How can charts be made accessible for colour-blind and screen reader users?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits colour blindness?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "tools", "name": "Tools", "description": "Tools.", "findings": [ { "id": "tools-finding", "name": "Tools", "description": "Tools.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which tools and libraries are commonly used, checked against current sources?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is the information current?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should immersive analytics be a separate entry?", "How should design guidelines be linked?", "Should cinematic scientific visualisation be linked separately?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a data visualization, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent explain data visualisation, relay chart types, principles, history, tools and accessibility from statistics and design sources, describe the named forms, relay how to spot misleading charts, and distinguish data visualisation from infographics as editorial design, dashboards, statistical analysis and art.", "characteristics": { "substance": "abstract", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: immersive analytics, Interactive data visualization, scientific visualization, Cinematic scientific visualization, mosaic plot, proportional symbol map, Chernoff face, Electropherogram, Visualization of RNA sequencing data, map visualization, slice and dice, paper-and-pencil game.", "15 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 35 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a data visualization, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "an abstraction with no physical instance", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "immersive analytics", "Interactive data visualization", "scientific visualization", "Cinematic scientific visualization", "mosaic plot", "proportional symbol map", "Chernoff face", "Electropherogram", "Visualization of RNA sequencing data", "map visualization", "slice and dice", "paper-and-pencil game" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 35 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 15 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one data visualization from another, and a data visualization from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a data visualization, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a data visualization, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a data visualization is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a data visualization, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a data visualization, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a data visualization is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a data visualization sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a data visualization, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a data visualization, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a data visualization is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a data visualization from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a data visualization, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a data visualization, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a data visualization is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a data visualization passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a data visualization between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a data visualization, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a data visualization, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a data visualization is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a data visualization, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a data visualization is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a data visualization, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a data visualization, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a data visualization is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What data visualization is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of data visualization are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is data visualization operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of data visualization and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of data visualization?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as data visualization?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a data visualization came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a data visualization and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a data visualization, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a data visualization, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a data visualization is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a data visualization is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a data visualization, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a data visualization, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a data visualization is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 5, "layers": 10, "findings": 12, "questions": 32 } } } }