K31
Enable an agent to recognise the Swiss K31 rifle model, document an example's configuration and condition, and identify the evidence required for conservation, handling or specialist assessment.
Bundle → Layer → Finding → Questions Filled
5 bundles · 9 layers · 15 findings · 30 questions
K31 identity and neighbouring models Establish what the registry name denotes and which observed examples belong to it.
Designation evidence
Connect the short name to a documented rifle model.
Registry referent
Treat the Swiss rifle interpretation as provisional until the registry's originating record is checked.
- Does the originating record for vr.tr.k31 explicitly identify the Swiss Karabiner Modell 31? provenance
- Which documented designations and abbreviations refer to this same model? definition
Neighbouring rifle comparison
Distinguish the K31 from earlier Swiss straight-pull rifles and scoped derivatives.
Model boundary tests
Require a combination of markings and assembly features, rather than one shared characteristic.
- Which documented receiver and bolt features distinguish a K31 from a K11? boundary
- What evidence distinguishes an ordinary K31 with added optics from a factory scoped derivative? boundary
- Does an existing world-model publication already own this exact concept? provenance
K31 mechanical configuration Describe the assemblies needed to recognise the model and record departures from its documented configuration.
Action and controls
Record the identity and assessed state of the bolt, locking and firing-control assemblies.
Action state evidence
Separate visible control positions from specialist findings about mechanical function.
- Which authoritative K31 reference identifies the installed bolt and firing-control configuration? provenance
- Which bolt, cocking and safety states are observed, and which remain unverified? measurement
- Which unresolved control or locking observations require specialist assessment before handling beyond documentation? action
Chamber and feed
Keep chambering, magazine configuration and ammunition compatibility as separate evidence claims.
Configuration compatibility
Record the actual example's configuration without inferring compatibility from a general calibre label.
- What documentation establishes the original K31 chambering, and is there evidence that this example was converted? provenance
- Does the installed magazine match the documented K31 pattern and six-cartridge reference capacity? measurement
- Which compatibility claims remain unsupported by an applicable manual or specialist record? boundary
K31 originality and alterations Trace manufacture and subsequent changes through markings, components and configuration evidence.
Markings and component history
Separate observed markings from interpretations of manufacture, acceptance and replacement.
Attribution confidence
Assign confidence to maker, date and originality claims using explicit supporting records.
- Which maker, serial and acceptance markings are legible, and which authoritative references interpret them? provenance
- Which numbered components correspond, and what evidence documents any replacements? measurement
- What manufacturing or service-history claims cannot be established from those markings alone? boundary
Stock, sights and accessories
Identify configuration changes that affect recognition, conservation or the applicability of reference data.
Alteration record
Document changes to furniture, sights and attachment interfaces without treating every alteration as a new model.
- Which stock, handguard, sight and mounting features differ from the applicable K31 reference configuration? measurement
- Which changes are documented service replacements, later accessories or alterations of unknown origin? provenance
- Do the observed changes remain within this K31 entry or require a relationship to a separately registered derivative? boundary
K31 condition and disposition Translate documented condition and inspection evidence into bounded decisions about an example.
Assembly condition
Organise observations around the K31's barrel, action, magazine, stock and sights.
Condition evidence
Record deterioration, damage and previous work alongside the limits of the examination.
- What corrosion, stock cracking, bore deterioration or assembly damage has been documented, and by what examination method? measurement
- Which K31 inspection references establish relevant acceptance criteria, and which measurements require a qualified specialist? provenance
- What conservation or assessment referral follows from the documented condition? action
Activity-specific assessment
Relate condition, configuration and external permissions to a proposed activity.
Bounded disposition
Keep display, transport, conservation and firing assessments distinct and tied to dated evidence.
- What dated assessment supports the proposed activity for this particular K31 configuration? provenance
- Have alterations or deterioration since that assessment invalidated its conclusions? boundary
- Which handling restrictions, specialist referrals or externally determined permissions must accompany the proposed activity? action
Evidence and external alignment What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.
Reported evidence
Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.
Check these first
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- Which of these check these first hold for the sense of K31 this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Identifiers and schemes
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of K31 this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Real-world use
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of K31 this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Typical measurements
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of K31 this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Failure modes and hazards
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of K31 this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Regional variation
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of K31 this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of K31 this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Classifiers Filled
- Family
- Thing Registry
- Category
- Physical world and living systems
- Entry kind
- thing
- Plane
- PHY
- Domain
- PHY.OBJ
What it is Filled
The K31, or Swiss Karabiner 31, is a Swiss military straight-pull bolt-action repeating carbine chambered for the 7.5×55 mm Swiss cartridge and fed from a six-round detachable box magazine.
In scope
- Identification of the standard K31 and separation from neighbouring Swiss service rifles
- Straight-pull action, magazine, sights and stock as model-defining assemblies
- Original configuration versus documented replacements and conversions
- Evidence of manufacture, military acceptance and subsequent alteration
- Condition observations and the limits they place on proposed handling or use
Out of scope
- Swiss service rifles as a general class
- Ammunition manufacture, loading recipes and ballistic optimisation
- Scoped derivative models as independent designs
- Ownership histories of individual rifles except as linked identification evidence
- Shooting technique and tactical employment
- Jurisdictional firearms law as an independent legal model
Why it exists Filled
Enable an agent to recognise the Swiss K31 rifle model, document an example's configuration and condition, and identify the evidence required for conservation, handling or specialist assessment.
Distinguishing features Filled
- Confirm model markings and documented receiver configuration; the short label K31 alone does not establish identity.
- Recognise the manually operated straight-pull action, which distinguishes it from turn-bolt and self-loading rifles. [Swiss army manual, indexed overview](https://k31.ch/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/english_k11_k31_manual.pdf)
- Compare the receiver, bolt assembly and stock profile with separate Model 11 and Model 31 reference illustrations; straight-pull operation alone does not distinguish those models.
- Check the standard six-cartridge magazine configuration as corroborating evidence rather than a unique identifier. [Swiss army manual, indexed reproduction](https://www.scribd.com/document/54698305/English-k11-k31-Manual)
- Distinguish a standard K31 with subsequently fitted optics from a documented scoped derivative; a telescope alone does not establish the derivative's identity.
What robots and AI may and may not do Filled
Must not
- Assist anyone to obtain, use or modify it to harm people.
- Help evade firearm licensing, registration, transfer or export rules.
- Give instructions to restore a deactivated example to firing.
- Store or leave it where unauthorized people or children can reach it.
Only with a human decision
- Any transfer, export, deactivation or destruction of the firearm.
- Reporting a lost, stolen or found firearm to the police.
May
- Identify the carbine from markings and documented features for its lawful owner or a museum.
- Report its history and service from official and historical sources.
- Explain that owning, carrying and transferring it is governed by national law.
Moral aspects Filled
- Firearms can kill; lawful ownership depends on strict control and safe storage.
- Military surplus rifles carry history tied to national defence.
Who is affected
- Bystanders and household members
- Lawful owners and sports shooters
- Collectors and museums
Owners Filled
Steward
The licensed owner; the national firearm authority keeps the registration.
Master systems
- National firearm registers
Links to other meta-models Filled
parent
- Q40280158 - registry parent class
What else AI and robots need to interact with it Filled
Identity and identifiers required Filled
- Vercy registry: vr.tr.k31
- Wikidata: Q666477 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q666477)
Direct properties required Filled
- Model attribution: standard K31; K31 with alterations; neighbouring model; unresolved
- Action principle: manually operated straight-pull bolt action
- Energy sources: manual energy for action cycling; cartridge propellant for discharge
- Chambering evidence: link to chamber markings, applicable model documentation and any conversion or inspection record
- Magazine capacity: cartridges; standard reference capacity 6, observed configuration recorded separately
- Physical dimensions: overall and barrel lengths in mm; mass in kg, with measurement conditions
- Component correspondence: receiver-to-component markings and documented replacement relationships
- Sight configuration: documented standard sights; added aperture sight; added optic; other alteration; unresolved
- Inspection disposition: unassessed; conservation only; specialist assessment required; assessed for a specified activity
Recognition required Filled
- Straight-pull bolt-action carbine with a wooden stock.
- Detachable box magazine in front of the trigger guard.
- Serial numbers and arsenal markings settle the individual rifle.
Capabilities and actions required Filled
- Compare markings and assembly photographs with documented K31 references.
- Record departures from the standard configuration without creating an unsupported new registry entry.
- Link component markings and provenance documents to qualified identity claims.
- Prepare a K31-specific condition record for a conservator or qualified firearms specialist.
- Identify missing inspection, compatibility or custody evidence before a proposed activity.
Hazards and failure modes required Filled
- Accidental discharge from careless handling.
- Theft and misuse when not stored securely.
- Ageing parts failing in old rifles.
Standards and interfaces required Filled
- Arms Trade Treaty, United Nations, governing international transfers of conventional arms.
Context of use required Filled
- The K31 was developed as a Swiss military service rifle and is encountered in military history collections, museums and civilian sporting contexts.
- Documenting surviving examples supports historical research, conservation and specialist assessment of their identity and condition.
Sources Filled
- Wikidata item Q666477: K31 - identity and sense of the item
- Wikipedia: K31 - general description of the item
Open questions
- Does the originating registry record confirm that K31 denotes the Swiss rifle, and is the concept already covered by a world model?
- Which original Swiss army manual edition and technical drawings should govern identification, nominal dimensions and inspection criteria?
- What authoritative evidence establishes production variations and the interpretation of manufacturer, acceptance and replacement markings?
- Where does the registry place the boundaries between the standard K31, scoped derivatives and later conversions?
- Which historical acceptance requirements and present activity-specific standards apply, and which issuing bodies can substantiate them?
Machine files
Provenance
thing registry research (pass 2) · unreviewed
Built from: models/things/publications/thing-q666477/spec.json