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Research draft

silicon

vr.tr.silicon · PHY.MAT

Let an agent identify silicon and its properties, relay isotopes, allotropes, production and uses from reference sources, explain its role in electronics and photovoltaics, and distinguish silicon from silica, silicone and silicates.

Thing Registry Physical world and living systems

Research draft, second pass

A second pass drafted this model: the structure a model of this thing needs, and what is known about it in the world. The line under this one says how the second half was obtained - researched against sources, or recalled without web access, in which case nothing here was read anywhere and every claim is a lead to verify. Unreviewed either way.

written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify

Researched by: Claude

Purpose and description

Let an agent identify silicon and its properties, relay isotopes, allotropes, production and uses from reference sources, explain its role in electronics and photovoltaics, and distinguish silicon from silica, silicone and silicates.

A chemical element with symbol Si and atomic number 14, a hard, brittle crystalline metalloid that is the second most abundant element in the Earth crust, occurring as silica and silicates, produced from quartz in electric furnaces as metallurgical grade and refined to polycrystalline and monocrystalline silicon for semiconductors and solar cells; silicon also occurs rarely as native mineral, has three stable isotopes and radioactive ones such as silicon-32, and is combustible as fine powder.

What it is for: Semiconductors, solar cells, alloys and silicones.

It can be relay properties and isotopes; explain production and grades; describe electronic and solar roles; distinguish from silica and silicone.

Distinguishing features

Semiconductor

Crustal abundance

Diamond cubic structure

Basis of microelectronics

What it looks like

A dark grey, lustrous, brittle crystalline solid.

Physical character

atomic number: 14 Z

standard atomic weight: 28.085 u

melting point: 1414 degrees C

band gap: 1.12 eV - at 300 K

How it is recognised

Element 14, symbol Si

Metallurgical, polycrystalline and monocrystalline silicon

Silica is the dioxide; silicone is a polymer; silicates are minerals

Related models

is a kind of - in registry terms, as fine dust

combustible powder

is a kind of - in the periodic table

metalloid

is used in - as the substrate

integrated circuit

is used in - as the main photovoltaic material

solar cell

In practice

Families and kinds

metallurgical grade silicon

polycrystalline and monocrystalline silicon

amorphous silicon

native silicon as a rare mineral

stable isotopes silicon-28, 29 and 30 and radioactive isotopes such as silicon-22, 23 and 32

silicon compounds and materials such as silica, silicones and silicides

Identifiers

symbol Si

CAS 7440-21-3

Standards and regulation

SEMI standards for semiconductor silicon

Occupational limits for silica dust, distinct from silicon

Combustible dust safety rules

Failure modes and hazards

Combustible dust explosions

Confusing silicon with silica, silicone and silicates

Supply concentration in polysilicon production

Also called

monocrystalline siliconallotrope of siliconnative siliconsilicon-30silicon-22silicon-23silicon-24silicon-25silicon-26silicon-27silicon-33silicon-34silicon-35silicon-36silicon-37silicon-38silicon-39silicon-40silicon-41silicon-43silicon-44silicon-31silicon-32silicon-28black siliconsilicon-29silicon-42Porous siliconsilicon-45polycrystalline silicon

Where this came from

wikidata · CC0 1.0

Also registered as vr.tr.silicon

Drafted structure

Bundle to layer to finding to question, as the second pass will find it: 4 bundles · 8 layers · 8 findings · 16 questions.

Identify What silicon is.

Identity.

Properties

Properties.

Properties

Properties.

  1. What are the physical, chemical and electronic properties of silicon? definition
  2. Is the question about silicon, silica, silicone or silicates? boundary

Forms

Isotopes and allotropes.

Forms

Forms.

  1. What isotopes and allotropes exist, and what is native silicon? definition
  2. Which entry fits the specific form? action
Produce Production.

Industry.

Grades

Grades and refining.

Grades

Grades.

  1. How is silicon produced and refined to metallurgical, polycrystalline and monocrystalline grades? provenance
  2. Which entry fits the Czochralski process? action

Supply

Supply.

Supply

Supply.

  1. Who produces silicon and polysilicon, with figures and sources? measurement
  2. Which sources are cited? provenance
Use Uses.

Application.

Electronics

Semiconductors.

Electronics

Electronics.

  1. Why is silicon the dominant semiconductor material, and how are wafers made? provenance
  2. Which entry fits semiconductor fabrication? action

Other

Solar, alloys and silicones.

Other

Other.

  1. How is silicon used in solar cells, aluminium alloys and silicone production? provenance
  2. Which references are standard? provenance
Context History and safety.

Context.

Discovery

Discovery.

Discovery

Discovery.

  1. How was silicon isolated by Berzelius in 1824, and how did it become the basis of electronics? provenance
  2. Which entry fits the history of the semiconductor? action

Safety

Safety.

Safety

Safety.

  1. What hazards do silicon dust and processing present, and how do they differ from silica hazards? provenance
  2. Which entry fits combustible dust? action

What the second pass must settle

  • Should monocrystalline silicon and polysilicon be separate entries?
  • How should reference data be linked?
  • The registry entry has merged aliases naming grades, allotropes and isotopes; should they be split off?