{ "model": { "rank": 3623, "code": "thing-q68833", "model_id": "vr.tr.bone-fracture", "name": "bone fracture", "purpose": "Let an agent explain bone fractures and their classification and healing in general terms, relay first aid and when to seek urgent care from health bodies, describe diagnosis and treatment generally, and route personal medical questions to clinicians.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Activities and processes", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "ACT", "domain": "ACT.ACT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q68833/", "tier": 2, "score": 83, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "flail chest", "periprosthetic fracture", "intraarticular fracture", "rib fracture", "sternal fracture", "elbow fracture", "humerus fracture", "boxer's fracture", "Rolando fracture", "child bone fracture", "fracture dislocation", "hip fracture", "cervical fracture", "knee fractures", "lunate fracture", "Busch fracture", "distal phalanx fracture", "hairline fracture", "Maisonneuve fracture", "Holstein–Lewis fracture", "Salter–Harris fracture", "pathologic fracture", "avulsion fracture", "skull fracture", "iterative fracture", "hangman's fracture", "forearm fracture", "Spiral fracture", "Hyoid bone fracture", "extracapsular fracture", "intracapsular fracture", "open fracture", "comminuted fracture", "transitional fracture", "incomplete fracture", "stress fracture", "leg fracture", "finger fracture", "ulna fracture", "Bosworth fracture" ], "aliasCount": 82, "merged": 82, "knownIn": 83, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q68833", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q68833", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-12T05:02:39Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 2, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q68833", "registryId": "vr.tr.bone-fracture", "name": "bone fracture", "version": "0.2.0-wave.2", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "ACT.ACT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q68833/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.bone-fracture", "name": "bone fracture", "purpose": "Let an agent explain bone fractures and their classification and healing in general terms, relay first aid and when to seek urgent care from health bodies, describe diagnosis and treatment generally, and route personal medical questions to clinicians.", "definition": "A break in the continuity of a bone caused by force exceeding its strength, by repeated stress, or by disease that weakens bone, classified by site such as rib, sternal, elbow or hip fractures, by pattern such as transverse, spiral, comminuted or intraarticular, by whether the skin is broken, and by special situations such as periprosthetic fractures and flail chest; fractures are diagnosed by examination and imaging and treated by immobilisation, reduction or surgery under clinical guidelines.", "what_it_is_for": "Breaks in bone.", "affordances": [ "explain classification and healing", "relay first aid guidance", "describe diagnosis and treatment generally", "route personal questions" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Loss of bone continuity", "Traumatic, stress or pathological", "Imaging diagnosis", "Healing by callus" ], "appearance": "Not visible externally except by deformity or swelling; seen on imaging.", "visual_identification": [ "Break in a bone", "Classified by site, pattern and skin involvement", "A sprain injures ligaments; a dislocation displaces a joint" ], "physical_properties": [], "families_and_kinds": [ "traumatic fractures", "stress fractures", "pathological and fragility fractures", "open and closed fractures", "fractures by site such as rib, sternal, elbow and periprosthetic" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "major trauma", "why": "category" }, { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "bone disease", "why": "category" }, { "relation": "is related to", "target": "cranial suture", "why": "skull anatomy relevant to skull fractures" }, { "relation": "is related to", "target": "zinc", "why": "nutrition in bone health" } ], "identifiers": [], "standards_and_regulation": [ "Clinical guidelines for fracture management", "Fracture classification systems", "First aid standards" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Agents assessing a personal injury", "Delay in seeking care for serious fractures", "Complications such as malunion and infection" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "understand", "name": "Understand", "description": "What a fracture is.", "rationale": "General information.", "layers": [ { "id": "concept", "name": "Concept", "description": "Concept and classification.", "findings": [ { "id": "concept-finding", "name": "Concept", "description": "Concept.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is a bone fracture, and how are fractures classified by cause, site, pattern and skin involvement?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Is an injury present now that needs urgent care?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "healing", "name": "Healing", "description": "Healing.", "findings": [ { "id": "healing-finding", "name": "Healing", "description": "Healing.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do bones heal, and what factors affect healing time?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is the user asking about their own recovery, which needs a clinician?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "respond", "name": "Respond", "description": "First aid and care.", "rationale": "Guidance.", "layers": [ { "id": "firstaid", "name": "First aid", "description": "First aid.", "findings": [ { "id": "firstaid-finding", "name": "First aid", "description": "First aid.", "questions": [ { "text": "What first aid do health bodies recommend for a suspected fracture, and when should emergency services be called?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits first aid?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "treatment", "name": "Treatment", "description": "Diagnosis and treatment.", "findings": [ { "id": "treatment-finding", "name": "Treatment", "description": "Treatment.", "questions": [ { "text": "How are fractures diagnosed and treated by immobilisation, reduction and surgery, in general terms?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits orthopaedics?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "prevent", "name": "Prevent", "description": "Prevention and populations.", "rationale": "Public health.", "layers": [ { "id": "fragility", "name": "Fragility", "description": "Fragility fractures.", "findings": [ { "id": "fragility-finding", "name": "Fragility", "description": "Fragility.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do osteoporosis and falls lead to fragility fractures, and what prevention do health bodies advise?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits osteoporosis?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "sport", "name": "Sport", "description": "Stress fractures.", "findings": [ { "id": "sport-finding", "name": "Sport", "description": "Sport.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do stress fractures arise in sport and work, and how are they prevented?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits sports medicine?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "learn", "name": "Learn", "description": "History and teaching.", "rationale": "Education.", "layers": [ { "id": "history", "name": "History", "description": "History.", "findings": [ { "id": "history-finding", "name": "History", "description": "History.", "questions": [ { "text": "How has fracture treatment developed from splints to modern fixation?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which references are standard?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "teach", "name": "Teach", "description": "Teaching.", "findings": [ { "id": "teach-finding", "name": "Teach", "description": "Teaching.", "questions": [ { "text": "How can fractures be taught in anatomy and first aid courses?", "kind": "action" }, { "text": "Which misconceptions arise?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should fracture types be separate entries?", "How should first aid resources be linked?", "How should guidelines be linked?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a bone fracture, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent explain bone fractures and their classification and healing in general terms, relay first aid and when to seek urgent care from health bodies, describe diagnosis and treatment generally, and route personal medical questions to clinicians.", "characteristics": { "substance": "activity", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: flail chest, periprosthetic fracture, intraarticular fracture, rib fracture, sternal fracture, elbow fracture, humerus fracture, boxer's fracture, Rolando fracture, child bone fracture, fracture dislocation, hip fracture.", "82 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 83 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a bone fracture, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "something that happens over time", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "flail chest", "periprosthetic fracture", "intraarticular fracture", "rib fracture", "sternal fracture", "elbow fracture", "humerus fracture", "boxer's fracture", "Rolando fracture", "child bone fracture", "fracture dislocation", "hip fracture" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 83 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 82 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one bone fracture from another, and a bone fracture from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a bone fracture, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a bone fracture, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a bone fracture is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a bone fracture, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a bone fracture, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a bone fracture is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a bone fracture sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a bone fracture, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a bone fracture, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a bone fracture is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a bone fracture from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a bone fracture, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a bone fracture, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a bone fracture is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a bone fracture passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a bone fracture between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a bone fracture, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a bone fracture, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a bone fracture is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a bone fracture, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a bone fracture is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a bone fracture, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a bone fracture, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a bone fracture is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "process-and-outcome", "name": "Process, inputs and outcome", "description": "How a bone fracture proceeds, what it needs and what it leaves behind.", "rationale": "An activity is known by its steps and its results, and both have to be recordable while it is still running.", "layers": [ { "id": "steps-and-sequence", "name": "Steps and sequence", "description": "The steps of a bone fracture, their order and what may run in parallel.", "findings": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions", "name": "Steps, preconditions and completion", "description": "What has to be true before each step of a bone fracture and what marks it done.", "questions": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a step of a bone fracture, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a step of a bone fracture, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a step of a bone fracture is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-results", "name": "Inputs, resources and results", "description": "What a bone fracture consumes and what it produces.", "findings": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs", "name": "Inputs, outputs and side effects", "description": "The resources a bone fracture takes and the results it leaves, wanted or not.", "questions": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the inputs and results of a bone fracture, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the inputs and results of a bone fracture, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the inputs and results of a bone fracture is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What bone fracture is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of bone fracture are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is bone fracture operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of bone fracture and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of bone fracture?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as bone fracture?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a bone fracture came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a bone fracture and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a bone fracture, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a bone fracture, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a bone fracture is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a bone fracture is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a bone fracture, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a bone fracture, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a bone fracture is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }