calcium
Let an agent identify calcium and its properties, relay isotopes, compounds, production and uses from reference sources, describe biological and dietary roles in general terms, and distinguish the element from its compounds and supplements.
Bundle → Layer → Finding → Questions Filled
4 bundles · 8 layers · 8 findings · 16 questions
Identify What calcium is.
Properties
Properties.
Properties
Properties.
- What are the physical and chemical properties of calcium? definition
- Is the question about the element, a compound or a supplement? boundary
Isotopes
Isotopes.
Isotopes
Isotopes.
- Which isotopes exist, and how are calcium-41, 45 and 47 used? definition
- Which entry fits the specific isotope? action
Produce Compounds and industry.
Compounds
Compounds and materials.
Compounds
Compounds.
- How are limestone, lime, cement, gypsum and other calcium materials produced and used? provenance
- Which entry fits the specific compound? action
Metal
Calcium metal.
Metal
Metal.
- How is calcium metal produced, and where is it used? provenance
- Which references are standard? provenance
Life Biology and diet.
Biology
Calcium in the body.
Biology
Biology.
- What roles does calcium play in bones, muscle, nerves and cell signalling? provenance
- Which entry fits calcium in biology? action
Diet
Dietary calcium.
Diet
Diet.
- What do guidelines say about calcium intake, sources and supplements, in general terms? provenance
- Is the user asking for personal dietary or medical advice, which needs a professional? boundary
Context History and environment.
Discovery
Discovery.
Discovery
Discovery.
- How was calcium isolated by Davy in 1808, and how was its role in life discovered? provenance
- Which entry fits the history of chemistry? action
Environment
Calcium cycle.
Environment
Environment.
- How does calcium cycle through rocks, oceans and organisms? provenance
- Which sources are cited? provenance
Classifiers Filled
- Family
- Thing Registry
- Category
- Physical world and living systems
- Entry kind
- thing
- Plane
- PHY
- Domain
- PHY.MAT
- Other names and narrower kinds
- calcium-59, calcium-60, calcium-34, calcium-35, calcium-36, calcium-37, calcium-38, calcium-39, calcium-45, calcium-47, calcium-49, calcium-50
What it is Filled
A chemical element with symbol Ca and atomic number 20, a reactive alkaline earth metal and the fifth most abundant element in the Earth crust, occurring in limestone, gypsum and other minerals, essential to life as the main mineral of bones, teeth and shells and as a signalling ion in cells, and used in its compounds for cement, lime, plaster and steelmaking and as the metal in alloys and reduction; calcium has five stable isotopes, the long-lived calcium-48 and radioactive isotopes such as calcium-41, 45 and 47, with dietary calcium important for bone health.
Why it exists Filled
Let an agent identify calcium and its properties, relay isotopes, compounds, production and uses from reference sources, describe biological and dietary roles in general terms, and distinguish the element from its compounds and supplements.
Distinguishing features Filled
- Abundant in crust
- Bone mineral
- Signalling ion
- Cement and lime basis
What robots and AI may and may not do Filled
Must not
- Advise a person to take calcium supplements or doses without medical guidance.
- Handle reactive metallic calcium outside a properly equipped laboratory.
- Treat calcium supplements as a cure for bone disease.
Only with a human decision
- Advice on calcium intake for people with kidney stones, heart or parathyroid conditions.
May
- Describe calcium's properties, occurrence and role in bones and cells from sources.
- Explain dietary calcium and its sources in general terms.
Moral aspects Filled
- Too much or too little calcium harms the heart, kidneys and bones.
- Supplement marketing can mislead older people about bone health.
Who is affected
- Older people
- Patients with kidney disease
- Laboratory workers
Owners Filled
Steward
The public: held in common as a chemical element; holders answer for samples under chemical safety rules.
Links to other meta-models Filled
parent
- Q19563 - registry parent class
- Q428766 - registry parent class
related
- alkaline earth metal - in registry terms
- light metal - in registry terms
- calcium carbonate - in limestone and shells
- bone - as hydroxyapatite
What else AI and robots need to interact with it Filled
Identity and identifiers required Filled
- Vercy registry: vr.tr.calcium
- Wikidata: Q706 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q706)
- symbol: Ca
- CAS: 7440-70-2
Direct properties required Filled
- atomic number: 20 Z
- standard atomic weight: 40.078 u
- melting point: 842 degrees C
- calcium in the adult body: about 1-1.2 kg
Recognition required Filled
- Element 20, symbol Ca
- Alkaline earth metal of bones, limestone and cement
- Calcium carbonate and other compounds are not the metal; magnesium and strontium are neighbouring group members
- A dull grey silvery metal that tarnishes in air.
Capabilities and actions required Filled
- relay properties and isotopes
- explain compounds and uses
- relay biological and dietary roles
- distinguish from compounds
Hazards and failure modes required Filled
- Reactivity with water
- Hypercalcaemia and hypocalcaemia
- Confusing element with compounds and supplements
- Agents giving personal dietary or medical advice
Standards and interfaces required Filled
- Chemical safety rules for reactive metals
- Dietary reference intakes for calcium
- Cement and lime product standards
- Radiation rules for calcium isotopes in research
Context of use required Filled
- Construction materials, metallurgy and biological function.
- calcium metal
- calcium compounds such as carbonate, oxide, hydroxide, sulfate and phosphate
- stable isotopes 40, 42, 43, 44 and 46, long-lived calcium-48, and radioactive isotopes such as calcium-34 to 37, 41, 45, 47, 59 and 60
- dietary calcium and supplements
- calcium in biology as ion and mineral
Sources Filled
- Wikidata item Q706: calcium - identity and sense of the item
- Wikipedia: Calcium - general description of the item
Open questions
- Should calcium carbonate and dietary calcium be separate primary entries?
- How should health guidelines be linked?
- The registry entry has merged aliases naming short-lived isotopes; should they be split off?
Machine files
Provenance
thing registry research (pass 2) · unreviewed
Built from: models/things/publications/thing-q706/spec.json