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Research draft

calcium

vr.tr.calcium · PHY.MAT

Let an agent identify calcium and its properties, relay isotopes, compounds, production and uses from reference sources, describe biological and dietary roles in general terms, and distinguish the element from its compounds and supplements.

Thing Registry Physical world and living systems

Research draft, second pass

A second pass drafted this model: the structure a model of this thing needs, and what is known about it in the world. The line under this one says how the second half was obtained - researched against sources, or recalled without web access, in which case nothing here was read anywhere and every claim is a lead to verify. Unreviewed either way.

written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify

Researched by: Claude

Purpose and description

Let an agent identify calcium and its properties, relay isotopes, compounds, production and uses from reference sources, describe biological and dietary roles in general terms, and distinguish the element from its compounds and supplements.

A chemical element with symbol Ca and atomic number 20, a reactive alkaline earth metal and the fifth most abundant element in the Earth crust, occurring in limestone, gypsum and other minerals, essential to life as the main mineral of bones, teeth and shells and as a signalling ion in cells, and used in its compounds for cement, lime, plaster and steelmaking and as the metal in alloys and reduction; calcium has five stable isotopes, the long-lived calcium-48 and radioactive isotopes such as calcium-41, 45 and 47, with dietary calcium important for bone health.

What it is for: Construction materials, metallurgy and biological function.

It can be relay properties and isotopes; explain compounds and uses; relay biological and dietary roles; distinguish from compounds.

Distinguishing features

Abundant in crust

Bone mineral

Signalling ion

Cement and lime basis

What it looks like

A dull grey silvery metal that tarnishes in air.

Physical character

atomic number: 20 Z

standard atomic weight: 40.078 u

melting point: 842 degrees C

calcium in the adult body: about 1-1.2 kg

How it is recognised

Element 20, symbol Ca

Alkaline earth metal of bones, limestone and cement

Calcium carbonate and other compounds are not the metal; magnesium and strontium are neighbouring group members

Related models

is a kind of - in registry terms

alkaline earth metal

is a kind of - in registry terms

light metal

forms - in limestone and shells

calcium carbonate

is essential for - as hydroxyapatite

bone

In practice

Families and kinds

calcium metal

calcium compounds such as carbonate, oxide, hydroxide, sulfate and phosphate

stable isotopes 40, 42, 43, 44 and 46, long-lived calcium-48, and radioactive isotopes such as calcium-34 to 37, 41, 45, 47, 59 and 60

dietary calcium and supplements

calcium in biology as ion and mineral

Identifiers

symbol Ca

CAS 7440-70-2

Standards and regulation

Chemical safety rules for reactive metals

Dietary reference intakes for calcium

Cement and lime product standards

Radiation rules for calcium isotopes in research

Failure modes and hazards

Reactivity with water

Hypercalcaemia and hypocalcaemia

Confusing element with compounds and supplements

Agents giving personal dietary or medical advice

Also called

calcium-59calcium-60calcium-34calcium-35calcium-36calcium-37calcium-38calcium-39calcium-45calcium-47calcium-49calcium-50calcium-51calcium-52calcium-53calcium-54calcium-55calcium-56calcium-57calcium-41calcium-43calcium-40calcium-42calcium-44calcium-58calcium-46calcium-48

Where this came from

wikidata · CC0 1.0

Also registered as vr.tr.calcium

Drafted structure

Bundle to layer to finding to question, as the second pass will find it: 4 bundles · 8 layers · 8 findings · 16 questions.

Identify What calcium is.

Identity.

Properties

Properties.

Properties

Properties.

  1. What are the physical and chemical properties of calcium? definition
  2. Is the question about the element, a compound or a supplement? boundary

Isotopes

Isotopes.

Isotopes

Isotopes.

  1. Which isotopes exist, and how are calcium-41, 45 and 47 used? definition
  2. Which entry fits the specific isotope? action
Produce Compounds and industry.

Industry.

Compounds

Compounds and materials.

Compounds

Compounds.

  1. How are limestone, lime, cement, gypsum and other calcium materials produced and used? provenance
  2. Which entry fits the specific compound? action

Metal

Calcium metal.

Metal

Metal.

  1. How is calcium metal produced, and where is it used? provenance
  2. Which references are standard? provenance
Life Biology and diet.

Public health.

Biology

Calcium in the body.

Biology

Biology.

  1. What roles does calcium play in bones, muscle, nerves and cell signalling? provenance
  2. Which entry fits calcium in biology? action

Diet

Dietary calcium.

Diet

Diet.

  1. What do guidelines say about calcium intake, sources and supplements, in general terms? provenance
  2. Is the user asking for personal dietary or medical advice, which needs a professional? boundary
Context History and environment.

Context.

Discovery

Discovery.

Discovery

Discovery.

  1. How was calcium isolated by Davy in 1808, and how was its role in life discovered? provenance
  2. Which entry fits the history of chemistry? action

Environment

Calcium cycle.

Environment

Environment.

  1. How does calcium cycle through rocks, oceans and organisms? provenance
  2. Which sources are cited? provenance

What the second pass must settle

  • Should calcium carbonate and dietary calcium be separate primary entries?
  • How should health guidelines be linked?
  • The registry entry has merged aliases naming short-lived isotopes; should they be split off?