{
    "model": {
        "rank": 5801,
        "code": "thing-q715858",
        "model_id": "vr.tr.bubble-tea",
        "name": "bubble tea",
        "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a serving of bubble tea, assess its composition and condition, and determine suitable preparation, handling and consumption actions.",
        "family": "Thing Registry",
        "category": "Physical world and living systems",
        "status": "research-draft",
        "kind": "thing",
        "plane": "PHY",
        "domain": "PHY.MAT",
        "industry": "",
        "version": "",
        "url": "/models/thing/q715858/",
        "tier": 2,
        "score": 64,
        "payload": {
            "layer": "wikidata",
            "aliases": [
                "Hechalou Tea",
                "E.Tea",
                "Truedan"
            ],
            "aliasCount": 3,
            "merged": 3,
            "knownIn": 64,
            "facets": null,
            "markers": [],
            "lexicalClass": "",
            "senseRank": null,
            "alsoRegisteredAs": null,
            "source": {
                "dataset": "wikidata",
                "item": "Q715858",
                "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q715858",
                "license": "CC0 1.0"
            }
        },
        "research": {
            "vercy": "1.0-draft",
            "publication": {
                "status": "research-draft",
                "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed",
                "publishableCanonical": false,
                "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T09:23:26Z",
                "providers": [
                    "Codex",
                    "Grok"
                ],
                "missingProviders": [],
                "pass": 2,
                "cost": {
                    "grok": {
                        "usd": 0.03883464,
                        "turns": 2,
                        "seconds": 242.2,
                        "error": null
                    },
                    "codex": {
                        "seconds": 73.7,
                        "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07b2a-5480-72e3-93da-b231b23deefc\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: bubble tea\nRegistry id: vr.tr.bubble-tea\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.MAT\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\nA V"
                    }
                }
            },
            "metaModel": {
                "id": "THING-Q715858",
                "registryId": "vr.tr.bubble-tea",
                "name": "bubble tea",
                "version": "0.1.0-research.1",
                "entryKind": "thing",
                "family": "Thing Registry",
                "domain": [
                    "PHY.MAT"
                ],
                "status": "research-draft"
            },
            "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q715858/",
            "model": {
                "registry_id": "vr.tr.bubble-tea",
                "name": "bubble tea",
                "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a serving of bubble tea, assess its composition and condition, and determine suitable preparation, handling and consumption actions.",
                "definition": "A Taiwanese composite beverage, commercialised in the 1980s, in which a sweetened tea or milk-tea liquid is combined with a chewable discontinuous phase - classically gelatinised cassava-starch pearls - so that liquid and solids are consumed together, typically through a wide-bore straw.",
                "scope_statement": "This model owns bubble tea as a prepared beverage serving, including its liquid base, dispersed edible toppings, customisation, preparation history and condition at the point of use.",
                "in_scope": [
                    "The serving's identity as bubble tea and the evidence supporting that classification",
                    "Liquid base, milk or alternatives, sweeteners, flavourings and edible toppings",
                    "Requested customisation compared with the drink actually prepared",
                    "Preparation, holding and mixing history relevant to current condition",
                    "Serving configuration and suitability for an intended consumer"
                ],
                "out_of_scope": [
                    "Cultivation and manufacture of tea, tapioca, milk and other ingredient supplies",
                    "Shop operations, staff management and menu pricing",
                    "Cup, lid and straw manufacture or independent product specifications",
                    "A consumer's medical record, dietary policy or swallowing assessment",
                    "General food-service hygiene rules and jurisdictional compliance requirements"
                ],
                "distinguishing_features": [
                    "Check for edible pearls or other identifiable toppings within a drink; a milk tea without toppings needs explicit classification evidence rather than automatic inclusion.",
                    "Distinguish suspended or settled edible pieces from foam or aeration; surface bubbles alone do not establish bubble-tea identity.",
                    "Distinguish a beverage intended to be drunk with toppings from a pudding or dessert intended primarily to be eaten with a spoon.",
                    "Record whether the serving contains brewed tea, another tea ingredient or no tea, and whether its recipe or menu explicitly identifies it as bubble tea.",
                    "Distinguish chewy pearls from liquid-filled popping pieces and jellies instead of treating every rounded topping as tapioca."
                ],
                "characteristics": [
                    {
                        "name": "Identity evidence",
                        "kind": "relation",
                        "unit_or_values": "Links to menu description, recipe, order or observed serving",
                        "why_it_matters": "Supports classification when names and ingredients do not establish a clear boundary."
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "Liquid base",
                        "kind": "category",
                        "unit_or_values": "Tea infusion, milk or plant drink, fruit preparation, mixed base, other, unknown; allow multiple components",
                        "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes recipes and identifies which ingredient claims require verification."
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "Topping identity",
                        "kind": "category",
                        "unit_or_values": "Declared ingredient and form for each topping, such as tapioca pearl, popping pearl or jelly; unknown permitted",
                        "why_it_matters": "Topping appearance alone cannot establish composition or expected texture."
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "Component quantity",
                        "kind": "measurement",
                        "unit_or_values": "mL of liquid and g of each topping, with measurement basis",
                        "why_it_matters": "Supports portion comparison and assesses the balance between liquid and inclusions."
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "Sweetness customisation",
                        "kind": "category",
                        "unit_or_values": "Provider-specific requested and fulfilled setting, with its local meaning",
                        "why_it_matters": "A menu sweetness percentage does not by itself establish total sugar content."
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "Ice configuration",
                        "kind": "state",
                        "unit_or_values": "Requested ice setting, observed ice presence and melt condition",
                        "why_it_matters": "Ice changes temperature, dilution and the amount of liquid available in the serving."
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "Serving temperature",
                        "kind": "measurement",
                        "unit_or_values": "°C, measurement time and location",
                        "why_it_matters": "Informs handling and condition assessment when considered with preparation and holding history."
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "Topping texture",
                        "kind": "state",
                        "unit_or_values": "Component-specific observation, such as chewy, firm-centred, softened, clumped, intact or ruptured; unassessed permitted",
                        "why_it_matters": "Helps identify quality changes and whether the serving matches its intended texture."
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "Preparation and holding history",
                        "kind": "relation",
                        "unit_or_values": "Timestamped topping preparation, drink assembly and holding events, including known conditions and gaps",
                        "why_it_matters": "A newly assembled drink can contain toppings prepared substantially earlier."
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "Dietary and stimulant evidence",
                        "kind": "relation",
                        "unit_or_values": "Ingredient declarations, allergen and cross-contact information, and caffeine or nutrition evidence",
                        "why_it_matters": "Supports consumer-specific decisions without inferring suitability from flavour names or appearance."
                    }
                ],
                "affordances": [
                    "Classify the serving and flag unresolved boundaries such as tea-free or topping-free variants.",
                    "Compare the prepared base, toppings, sweetness and ice with the requested order.",
                    "Mix or redistribute toppings when appropriate to the recipe and serving closure.",
                    "Select a drinking or eating method compatible with the toppings and intended consumer.",
                    "Assess whether to serve, hold, remake or discard using documented handling criteria and available history.",
                    "Check dietary or caffeine-related requests against ingredient evidence and flag missing information."
                ]
            },
            "sources": [
                {
                    "id": "wikipedia-bubble-tea",
                    "title": "Bubble tea",
                    "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bubble_tea",
                    "what_it_supports": "Origin in 1980s Taiwan; composition (tea, milk/creamer, sugar, tapioca or other toppings); milk-tea vs fruit-tea split; health debate over sugar.",
                    "url_status": "live"
                },
                {
                    "id": "wikidata-q715858",
                    "title": "bubble tea (Q715858)",
                    "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q715858",
                    "what_it_supports": "Canonical item identifier, aliases (pearl milk tea, boba, tapioca tea), and crosswalks (GND, Freebase, Britannica).",
                    "url_status": "live"
                },
                {
                    "id": "wikipedia-tapioca-pearl",
                    "title": "Tapioca pearl",
                    "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tapioca_pearl",
                    "what_it_supports": "Pearl manufacture from cassava starch; 2013 maleic-acid recalls; bowel-obstruction risk of large starch-ball intakes.",
                    "url_status": "live"
                },
                {
                    "id": "loc-lcsh-bubble-tea",
                    "title": "Bubble tea (Library of Congress Subject Headings)",
                    "url": "https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh2020005529",
                    "what_it_supports": "Authorised heading and variants (boba tea, pearl milk tea, tapioca tea) used in bibliographic naming.",
                    "url_status": "blocked"
                },
                {
                    "id": "spruce-eats-types",
                    "title": "Types of Bubble Tea",
                    "url": "https://www.thespruceeats.com/types-of-bubble-tea-766451",
                    "what_it_supports": "Pearl vs boba size distinction; shaken foam as the original 'bubble'; classic recipe structure.",
                    "url_status": "blocked"
                },
                {
                    "id": "eater-boba-explained",
                    "title": "Boba Explained: Types of Bubble Tea, and How to Order",
                    "url": "https://www.eater.com/21551108/boba-milk-bubble-tea-explained-how-to-order",
                    "what_it_supports": "Shop-floor kinds (brown-sugar milk, cheese foam); naming as a location-and-preference split rather than different drinks.",
                    "url_status": "unverified"
                },
                {
                    "id": "natgeo-wei-2023",
                    "title": "The story behind bubble tea, Taiwan's iconic drink",
                    "url": "https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/article/what-is-boba-bubble-tea-taiwan",
                    "what_it_supports": "How pearls are made; shift from creamer milk tea to varied tea bases and cheese foam; cultural export.",
                    "url_status": "live"
                },
                {
                    "id": "consumer-reports-lead-2025",
                    "title": "We Tested Bubble Tea for Lead. Here's What We Found.",
                    "url": "https://www.consumerreports.org/health/food-contaminants/we-tested-bubble-tea-for-lead-here-is-what-we-found-a1681465194/",
                    "what_it_supports": "Cassava-derived pearls as a plausible lead vector; tested commercial boba below CR's level of concern.",
                    "url_status": "live"
                }
            ],
            "structure": {
                "bundles": [
                    {
                        "id": "bubble-tea-identity",
                        "name": "Bubble tea identity",
                        "description": "Establishes why the serving belongs to this registered thing and which variant it represents.",
                        "rationale": "Neither the word tea nor the presence of pearls alone resolves every bubble-tea classification.",
                        "layers": [
                            {
                                "id": "serving-classification",
                                "name": "Serving classification",
                                "description": "Connects the observed serving with its declared beverage identity.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "classification-evidence",
                                        "name": "Classification evidence",
                                        "description": "Record the declared identity and observable liquid-and-topping configuration without assuming either is conclusive alone.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "text": "What recipe, menu or order identifies this serving as bubble tea?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "id": "classification-evidence-q01"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "text": "Does the serving function as a drink with edible inclusions, or as a neighbouring dessert or plain beverage?",
                                                "kind": "boundary",
                                                "id": "classification-evidence-q02"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            },
                            {
                                "id": "variant-boundaries",
                                "name": "Variant boundaries",
                                "description": "Makes tea content and topping presence explicit where variant names obscure them.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "tea-and-topping-presence",
                                        "name": "Tea and topping presence",
                                        "description": "Record actual tea ingredients and inclusions separately from the commercial variant name.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "text": "Which ingredients provide tea content, and which edible toppings are actually present?",
                                                "kind": "definition",
                                                "id": "tea-and-topping-presence-q01"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "text": "If tea or toppings are absent, what classification rule supports retaining this serving within bubble tea?",
                                                "kind": "boundary",
                                                "id": "tea-and-topping-presence-q02"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            }
                        ]
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "recipe-and-customisation",
                        "name": "Recipe and customisation",
                        "description": "Describes the components and order choices that define the prepared serving.",
                        "rationale": "Bubble-tea customisation can change composition substantially while leaving the menu item name unchanged.",
                        "layers": [
                            {
                                "id": "base-and-toppings",
                                "name": "Base and toppings",
                                "description": "Resolves the liquid mixture and each inclusion into identifiable components.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "component-composition",
                                        "name": "Component composition",
                                        "description": "Record base ingredients, topping composition and quantities with evidence and explicit unknowns.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "text": "What ingredients make up the base and each topping, including syrups, powders and creamers?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "id": "component-composition-q01"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "text": "How much liquid and how much of each topping does the prepared serving contain?",
                                                "kind": "measurement",
                                                "id": "component-composition-q02"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            },
                            {
                                "id": "order-fulfilment",
                                "name": "Order fulfilment",
                                "description": "Compares requested sweetness, ice, substitutions and additions with preparation evidence.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "customisation-match",
                                        "name": "Customisation match",
                                        "description": "Preserve provider-specific settings and distinguish adjustable additions from sweetness already present in components.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "text": "Which sweetness, ice, base substitution and topping choices were requested, and which were fulfilled?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "id": "customisation-match-q01"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "text": "What does the chosen sweetness setting adjust, and which sweetened components remain outside that adjustment?",
                                                "kind": "definition",
                                                "id": "customisation-match-q02"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "text": "Which mismatch requires correction or a remake under the applicable order requirements?",
                                                "kind": "action",
                                                "id": "customisation-match-q03"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            }
                        ]
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "preparation-and-serving-condition",
                        "name": "Preparation and serving condition",
                        "description": "Tracks the separate histories of toppings and liquid and their condition after assembly.",
                        "rationale": "Assembly time alone cannot explain topping age, texture changes or the effects of ice and holding.",
                        "layers": [
                            {
                                "id": "component-history",
                                "name": "Component history",
                                "description": "Connects topping preparation and base handling to the assembled drink.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "preparation-and-holding-evidence",
                                        "name": "Preparation and holding evidence",
                                        "description": "Record relevant preparation times, holding conditions and missing history for the actual components used.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "text": "When were the pearls or other prepared toppings made, and when were they added to this drink?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "id": "preparation-and-holding-evidence-q01"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "text": "What holding times and temperatures are known for the base, toppings and assembled serving?",
                                                "kind": "measurement",
                                                "id": "preparation-and-holding-evidence-q02"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "text": "Which documented component-specific handling criteria determine whether this serving may still be served?",
                                                "kind": "action",
                                                "id": "preparation-and-holding-evidence-q03"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            },
                            {
                                "id": "assembled-drink-condition",
                                "name": "Assembled drink condition",
                                "description": "Assesses liquid and topping changes against the intended recipe.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "texture-dilution-and-distribution",
                                        "name": "Texture, dilution and distribution",
                                        "description": "Record topping texture, clumping, rupture, ice melt and liquid separation, distinguishing expected presentation from unwanted change.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "text": "How do the observed topping texture and integrity compare with the recipe's intended condition?",
                                                "kind": "measurement",
                                                "id": "texture-dilution-and-distribution-q01"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "text": "Are liquid layers and settled toppings intentional, or has holding produced unwanted separation or dilution?",
                                                "kind": "boundary",
                                                "id": "texture-dilution-and-distribution-q02"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "text": "Does the documented condition call for mixing, remaking or discarding the serving?",
                                                "kind": "action",
                                                "id": "texture-dilution-and-distribution-q03"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            }
                        ]
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "consumer-and-consumption-fit",
                        "name": "Consumer and consumption fit",
                        "description": "Relates the actual ingredients and edible inclusions to the intended consumer and serving method.",
                        "rationale": "Liquid and toppings must both be considered when assessing dietary requests and how the drink will be consumed.",
                        "layers": [
                            {
                                "id": "ingredient-suitability",
                                "name": "Ingredient suitability",
                                "description": "Checks consumer requirements against evidence for the whole serving.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "dietary-and-caffeine-match",
                                        "name": "Dietary and caffeine match",
                                        "description": "Evaluate the base, creamer, flavourings and toppings together, preserving uncertainty in ingredient and cross-contact information.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "text": "What evidence supports allergen, dietary and caffeine claims for every component of this serving?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "id": "dietary-and-caffeine-match-q01"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "text": "Can the intended consumer's stated requirements be met, or is clarification, substitution or a different serving needed?",
                                                "kind": "action",
                                                "id": "dietary-and-caffeine-match-q02"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            },
                            {
                                "id": "topping-access-and-serving-method",
                                "name": "Topping access and serving method",
                                "description": "Checks how liquid and inclusions can be accessed through the actual cup, closure and utensil arrangement.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "consumption-method-fit",
                                        "name": "Consumption method fit",
                                        "description": "Relate topping size and texture to the serving opening, utensil and any supplied consumer-specific consumption constraints.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "text": "Are the topping dimensions and texture compatible with the supplied straw, spoon or cup opening?",
                                                "kind": "measurement",
                                                "id": "consumption-method-fit-q01"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "text": "What serving method or topping change is appropriate under the intended consumer's known consumption constraints?",
                                                "kind": "action",
                                                "id": "consumption-method-fit-q02"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            }
                        ]
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment",
                        "name": "Evidence and external alignment",
                        "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.",
                        "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.",
                        "layers": [
                            {
                                "id": "reported-evidence",
                                "name": "Reported evidence",
                                "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "evidence-kinds",
                                        "name": "Kinds and varieties",
                                        "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.",
                                        "evidence": [
                                            "Classic pearl milk tea (black tea with milk or non-dairy creamer and tapioca pearls)",
                                            "Green, jasmine, or oolong pearl milk tea",
                                            "Fruit tea (typically dairy-free tea or juice with pearls or fruit jellies)",
                                            "Brown-sugar / black-sugar boba milk (fresh milk and caramelised-sugar pearls; tea optional)",
                                            "Cheese-foam / cream-cap tea (salted dairy foam over tea, with or without pearls)",
                                            "Ice-blended or smoothie-style bubble tea",
                                            "Popping-boba drinks (alginate juice spheres rather than, or with, tapioca)",
                                            "Alternative-topping milk teas (grass jelly, agar/konjac jelly, pudding, taro balls, aloe, red bean)"
                                        ],
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "evidence-kinds-q01",
                                                "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of bubble tea this model covers, and on what evidence?",
                                                "kind": "provenance"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    },
                                    {
                                        "id": "evidence-identifiers",
                                        "name": "Identifiers and schemes",
                                        "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.",
                                        "evidence": [
                                            {
                                                "scheme": "Wikidata",
                                                "value_or_pattern": "Q715858",
                                                "note": "Item for the drink (pearl milk tea / boba tea), not the topping alone."
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "scheme": "LCSH",
                                                "value_or_pattern": "sh2020005529",
                                                "note": "Library of Congress subject heading 'Bubble tea'."
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "scheme": "Unicode",
                                                "value_or_pattern": "U+1F9CB",
                                                "note": "Emoji 🧋 BUBBLE TEA (Supplemental Symbols and Pictographs)."
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "scheme": "GND",
                                                "value_or_pattern": "1049308042",
                                                "note": "German National Library identifier recorded on the Wikidata item."
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "scheme": "Freebase",
                                                "value_or_pattern": "/m/019v4",
                                                "note": "Legacy Freebase mid linked from Wikidata."
                                            }
                                        ],
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01",
                                                "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of bubble tea this model covers, and on what evidence?",
                                                "kind": "provenance"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    },
                                    {
                                        "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation",
                                        "name": "Standards and regulation",
                                        "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.",
                                        "evidence": [
                                            "Taiwan Food and Drug Administration: 2013 enforcement against maleic anhydride used to modify starch in tapioca pearls (maleic acid is not an approved food additive for that use in Taiwan).",
                                            "Singapore Agri-Food and Veterinary Authority (now Singapore Food Agency): 2013 recall of Taiwanese tapioca-pearl products found to contain maleic acid.",
                                            "U.S. Food and Drug Administration: 21 CFR Part 101 nutrition-labeling rules apply once tea is combined with milk, sweeteners, pearls, or flavours; imported syrups and pearls require prior notice and permitted additives/colours only.",
                                            "European Union food-additive law: sodium alginate (E401) and related gelling salts used in popping boba must meet authorised-use conditions; general hygiene rules cover cooked starch balls held for service."
                                        ],
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01",
                                                "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of bubble tea this model covers, and on what evidence?",
                                                "kind": "provenance"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    },
                                    {
                                        "id": "evidence-real-world-use",
                                        "name": "Real-world use",
                                        "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.",
                                        "evidence": [
                                            "Made to order in specialist tea shops and chains (for example Chun Shui Tang, Gong Cha, Chatime, Tiger Sugar), with customer-chosen ice, sugar level, and toppings, sealed in a plastic cup and drunk through a wide straw.",
                                            "Sold as a social snack-drink in East and Southeast Asia and in diaspora high streets in North America, Europe, and Australia - not as a meal replacement.",
                                            "Retail dry or instant kits (tapioca pearls plus powder or syrup) for home preparation.",
                                            "Used as a Taiwanese cultural marker; Taiwan marks 30 April as National Bubble Tea Day."
                                        ],
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01",
                                                "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of bubble tea this model covers, and on what evidence?",
                                                "kind": "provenance"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    },
                                    {
                                        "id": "evidence-measurements",
                                        "name": "Typical measurements",
                                        "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.",
                                        "evidence": [
                                            {
                                                "quantity": "Tapioca pearl diameter (modern 'boba')",
                                                "typical_range": "6-8",
                                                "unit": "mm"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "quantity": "Tapioca pearl diameter (original small 'pearls')",
                                                "typical_range": "about 2 (1/12 in)",
                                                "unit": "mm"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "quantity": "Added sugars in a large, full-sugar shop drink",
                                                "typical_range": "about 50",
                                                "unit": "g per serving"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "quantity": "Energy in a cooked pearl portion",
                                                "typical_range": "100-110",
                                                "unit": "kcal per 60 g"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "quantity": "Residual sugar in syrup-soaked pearls when the drink is ordered 0% sugar",
                                                "typical_range": "10-15",
                                                "unit": "g per serving"
                                            }
                                        ],
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "evidence-measurements-q01",
                                                "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of bubble tea this model covers, and on what evidence?",
                                                "kind": "provenance"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    },
                                    {
                                        "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards",
                                        "name": "Failure modes and hazards",
                                        "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.",
                                        "evidence": [
                                            "Very high free-sugar load in a single serving, enough to exceed typical adult daily added-sugar guidance and, with frequent intake, to aggravate obesity, dental caries, and glycaemic disease.",
                                            "Choking on pearls, especially in young children; the wide straw encourages a strong suck.",
                                            "Mechanical bowel obstruction if large amounts of gelatinised starch balls are swallowed.",
                                            "Microbial spoilage of cooked pearls held too long at ambient temperature (shops normally recook during the day and discard overnight).",
                                            "Chemical adulteration of modified starch with maleic anhydride (documented 2013 recalls in Taiwan and Singapore).",
                                            "Possible lead from cassava-derived pearls; a 2025 Consumer Reports spot-check found levels below that organisation's concern threshold but not zero.",
                                            "Allergens in creamers and toppings (milk, and sometimes soy).",
                                            "Historical reports of non-food-grade plastic-related contaminants in some pearl samples; those 2012 German findings were later treated as methodologically uncertain."
                                        ],
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01",
                                                "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of bubble tea this model covers, and on what evidence?",
                                                "kind": "provenance"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    },
                                    {
                                        "id": "evidence-regional-variation",
                                        "name": "Regional variation",
                                        "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.",
                                        "evidence": [
                                            "English naming splits by region: 'boba' is common on the U.S. West Coast and in Hawai'i; 'bubble tea' dominates much of the rest of the English-speaking world and most international menus.",
                                            "In Taiwan the drink is 珍珠奶茶 (zhēnzhū nǎichá, pearl milk tea) or 珍奶; 波霸 (bōbà) originally named the larger pearls and is slang some speakers treat as crude, so shops often avoid 'boba' as the drink name.",
                                            "Japan commonly calls the category タピオカティー (tapioca tea); Thailand uses ชานมไข่มุก (pearl milk tea).",
                                            "French usage is thé aux perles; German usage is Bubble Tea.",
                                            "Two Taiwanese houses still contest invention: Chun Shui Tang in Taichung versus Hanlin Tea Room in Tainan.",
                                            "'Bubble' in English originally referred to foam from shaking (泡沫), not the pearls; that etymology is largely lost outside Chinese-speaking markets."
                                        ],
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01",
                                                "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of bubble tea this model covers, and on what evidence?",
                                                "kind": "provenance"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    },
                                    {
                                        "id": "evidence-neighbours",
                                        "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart",
                                        "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.",
                                        "evidence": [
                                            {
                                                "name": "Milk tea without inclusions (奶茶)",
                                                "difference": "Same tea-plus-milk liquid, but no chewable pearls or jellies; in Mandarin you must specify 珍珠奶茶 if you want the solids."
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "name": "Hong Kong-style milk tea",
                                                "difference": "Hot, pantyhose-strained black tea with evaporated or condensed milk and no tapioca; a different preparation, not a topping drink."
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "name": "Thai milk tea",
                                                "difference": "Strongly coloured, spiced Ceylon tea with condensed milk; pearls appear only in later hybrid shop drinks, not in the classic form."
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "name": "British tea with milk",
                                                "difference": "Hot infused tea with a splash of milk, unsweetened or lightly sweetened, drunk without a discontinuous chewable phase."
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "name": "Brown-sugar boba milk (no tea)",
                                                "difference": "Fresh milk and syrup-cooked pearls only; absence of a tea infusion takes it outside the tea-based definition even when sold in the same shop."
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "name": "Tapioca or sago pudding / 粉圓 desserts",
                                                "difference": "Spooned starch-ball desserts or sweet soups, not a straw-drunk tea beverage."
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "name": "Fruit smoothie with pulp or pieces",
                                                "difference": "The solids are fruit tissue, not gelatinised cassava-starch pearls or alginate spheres formulated as a topping."
                                            }
                                        ],
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01",
                                                "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of bubble tea this model covers, and on what evidence?",
                                                "kind": "provenance"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            }
                        ]
                    }
                ]
            },
            "openQuestions": [
                "What authoritative registry boundary should govern tea-free, topping-free and blended products marketed as bubble tea?",
                "Which researched preparation and holding criteria apply to each topping and base combination, and how do they vary by jurisdiction?",
                "What repeatable measures distinguish acceptable pearl chewiness, hardening, softening and clumping across different pearl recipes?",
                "How can provider-specific sweetness and ice settings be translated into comparable quantities without implying unsupported sugar or nutrition values?",
                "What evidence-based guidance should govern serving edible inclusions to consumers with age-related or swallowing constraints?"
            ],
            "statistics": {
                "bundles": 5,
                "layers": 9,
                "findings": 16,
                "questions": 27
            }
        },
        "draft": {
            "generator": "vr.draft.v3",
            "status": "draft-generated",
            "researched": false,
            "archetype": "chemical substance or material",
            "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.",
            "facetsInferred": true,
            "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.",
            "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a bubble tea, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.",
            "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a serving of bubble tea, assess its composition and condition, and determine suitable preparation, handling and consumption actions.",
            "characteristics": {
                "substance": "material",
                "origin": "natural",
                "agency": "inert",
                "mobility": "varies"
            },
            "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [
                "observed and measured",
                "consumed or used up"
            ],
            "distinguishingFeatures": [
                "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: Hechalou Tea, E.Tea, Truedan.",
                "3 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.",
                "Described in 64 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is."
            ],
            "openQuestionsForResearch": [
                "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?",
                "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?",
                "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a bubble tea, and on what evidence are they told apart?"
            ],
            "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch",
            "physicalCharacter": [
                "Mobility varies between examples.",
                "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.",
                "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing."
            ],
            "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [
                "observe it, measure it, record its state",
                "use it up, and then need more of it"
            ],
            "howItIsRecognised": [
                "Not recognisable by sight in any reliable way. Appearance varies with grade, form and additives; identification is by label, by documentation, or by assay."
            ],
            "relatedModels": [
                {
                    "relation": "covers",
                    "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.",
                    "targets": [
                        "Hechalou Tea",
                        "E.Tea",
                        "Truedan"
                    ]
                }
            ],
            "standing": "Described in 64 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 3 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.",
            "structure": {
                "bundles": [
                    {
                        "id": "identity-and-classification",
                        "name": "Identity, naming and classification",
                        "description": "How an agent tells one bubble tea from another, and a bubble tea from things that resemble it.",
                        "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.",
                        "layers": [
                            {
                                "id": "naming-and-identifiers",
                                "name": "Names and identifiers",
                                "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases",
                                        "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names",
                                        "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01",
                                                "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a bubble tea, and in what units or vocabulary?",
                                                "kind": "definition",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "identifiers",
                                                    "types and classes",
                                                    "values with units",
                                                    "explicit unknowns"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02",
                                                "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a bubble tea, by which method, and when was it true?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "authority",
                                                    "method",
                                                    "evidence",
                                                    "event time",
                                                    "knowledge time"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03",
                                                "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a bubble tea is known, and what must it refuse?",
                                                "kind": "action",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "permitted actions",
                                                    "preconditions",
                                                    "refusals",
                                                    "escalation"
                                                ]
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    },
                                    {
                                        "id": "stable-identifiers",
                                        "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys",
                                        "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "stable-identifiers-q01",
                                                "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a bubble tea, and in what units or vocabulary?",
                                                "kind": "definition",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "identifiers",
                                                    "types and classes",
                                                    "values with units",
                                                    "explicit unknowns"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "stable-identifiers-q02",
                                                "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a bubble tea, by which method, and when was it true?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "authority",
                                                    "method",
                                                    "evidence",
                                                    "event time",
                                                    "knowledge time"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "stable-identifiers-q03",
                                                "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a bubble tea is known, and what must it refuse?",
                                                "kind": "action",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "permitted actions",
                                                    "preconditions",
                                                    "refusals",
                                                    "escalation"
                                                ]
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            },
                            {
                                "id": "classification-and-granularity",
                                "name": "Classification and granularity",
                                "description": "Where a bubble tea sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "kind-and-parents",
                                        "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds",
                                        "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "kind-and-parents-q01",
                                                "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a bubble tea, and in what units or vocabulary?",
                                                "kind": "definition",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "identifiers",
                                                    "types and classes",
                                                    "values with units",
                                                    "explicit unknowns"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "kind-and-parents-q02",
                                                "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a bubble tea, by which method, and when was it true?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "authority",
                                                    "method",
                                                    "evidence",
                                                    "event time",
                                                    "knowledge time"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "kind-and-parents-q03",
                                                "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a bubble tea is known, and what must it refuse?",
                                                "kind": "action",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "permitted actions",
                                                    "preconditions",
                                                    "refusals",
                                                    "escalation"
                                                ]
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    },
                                    {
                                        "id": "distinguishing-features",
                                        "name": "Distinguishing features",
                                        "description": "What separates a bubble tea from the things most often confused with it.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "distinguishing-features-q01",
                                                "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a bubble tea, and in what units or vocabulary?",
                                                "kind": "definition",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "identifiers",
                                                    "types and classes",
                                                    "values with units",
                                                    "explicit unknowns"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "distinguishing-features-q02",
                                                "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a bubble tea, by which method, and when was it true?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "authority",
                                                    "method",
                                                    "evidence",
                                                    "event time",
                                                    "knowledge time"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "distinguishing-features-q03",
                                                "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a bubble tea is known, and what must it refuse?",
                                                "kind": "action",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "permitted actions",
                                                    "preconditions",
                                                    "refusals",
                                                    "escalation"
                                                ]
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            }
                        ]
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "form-and-composition",
                        "name": "Form, composition and condition",
                        "description": "What a bubble tea is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.",
                        "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.",
                        "layers": [
                            {
                                "id": "form-and-dimensions",
                                "name": "Form and dimensions",
                                "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "measurable-dimensions",
                                        "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units",
                                        "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01",
                                                "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a bubble tea, and in what units or vocabulary?",
                                                "kind": "definition",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "identifiers",
                                                    "types and classes",
                                                    "values with units",
                                                    "explicit unknowns"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02",
                                                "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a bubble tea, by which method, and when was it true?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "authority",
                                                    "method",
                                                    "evidence",
                                                    "event time",
                                                    "knowledge time"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03",
                                                "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a bubble tea is known, and what must it refuse?",
                                                "kind": "action",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "permitted actions",
                                                    "preconditions",
                                                    "refusals",
                                                    "escalation"
                                                ]
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            },
                            {
                                "id": "material-and-composition",
                                "name": "Material and composition",
                                "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "parts-and-materials",
                                        "name": "Parts and materials",
                                        "description": "What a bubble tea is built from and which parts are replaceable.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "parts-and-materials-q01",
                                                "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a bubble tea, and in what units or vocabulary?",
                                                "kind": "definition",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "identifiers",
                                                    "types and classes",
                                                    "values with units",
                                                    "explicit unknowns"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "parts-and-materials-q02",
                                                "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a bubble tea, by which method, and when was it true?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "authority",
                                                    "method",
                                                    "evidence",
                                                    "event time",
                                                    "knowledge time"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "parts-and-materials-q03",
                                                "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a bubble tea is known, and what must it refuse?",
                                                "kind": "action",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "permitted actions",
                                                    "preconditions",
                                                    "refusals",
                                                    "escalation"
                                                ]
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            },
                            {
                                "id": "condition-and-integrity",
                                "name": "Condition and integrity",
                                "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "condition-assessment",
                                        "name": "Condition, damage and health",
                                        "description": "How the condition of a bubble tea is judged and by whom.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "condition-assessment-q01",
                                                "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a bubble tea, and in what units or vocabulary?",
                                                "kind": "definition",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "identifiers",
                                                    "types and classes",
                                                    "values with units",
                                                    "explicit unknowns"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "condition-assessment-q02",
                                                "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a bubble tea, by which method, and when was it true?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "authority",
                                                    "method",
                                                    "evidence",
                                                    "event time",
                                                    "knowledge time"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "condition-assessment-q03",
                                                "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a bubble tea is known, and what must it refuse?",
                                                "kind": "action",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "permitted actions",
                                                    "preconditions",
                                                    "refusals",
                                                    "escalation"
                                                ]
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            }
                        ]
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "place-and-movement",
                        "name": "Place and movement",
                        "description": "Where a bubble tea is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).",
                        "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.",
                        "layers": [
                            {
                                "id": "location-and-placement",
                                "name": "Location and placement",
                                "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "position-and-frame",
                                        "name": "Position, container and reference frame",
                                        "description": "Where a bubble tea is, and what that position is measured against.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "position-and-frame-q01",
                                                "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a bubble tea, and in what units or vocabulary?",
                                                "kind": "definition",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "identifiers",
                                                    "types and classes",
                                                    "values with units",
                                                    "explicit unknowns"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "position-and-frame-q02",
                                                "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a bubble tea, by which method, and when was it true?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "authority",
                                                    "method",
                                                    "evidence",
                                                    "event time",
                                                    "knowledge time"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "position-and-frame-q03",
                                                "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a bubble tea is known, and what must it refuse?",
                                                "kind": "action",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "permitted actions",
                                                    "preconditions",
                                                    "refusals",
                                                    "escalation"
                                                ]
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            },
                            {
                                "id": "movement-and-transfer",
                                "name": "Movement and transfer",
                                "description": "How a bubble tea is carried, installed or relocated.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "movement-events",
                                        "name": "Movement events and constraints",
                                        "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "movement-events-q01",
                                                "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a bubble tea, and in what units or vocabulary?",
                                                "kind": "definition",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "identifiers",
                                                    "types and classes",
                                                    "values with units",
                                                    "explicit unknowns"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "movement-events-q02",
                                                "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a bubble tea, by which method, and when was it true?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "authority",
                                                    "method",
                                                    "evidence",
                                                    "event time",
                                                    "knowledge time"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "movement-events-q03",
                                                "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a bubble tea is known, and what must it refuse?",
                                                "kind": "action",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "permitted actions",
                                                    "preconditions",
                                                    "refusals",
                                                    "escalation"
                                                ]
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            }
                        ]
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "state-and-lifecycle",
                        "name": "State and lifecycle",
                        "description": "The states a bubble tea passes through and the events that move it between them.",
                        "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.",
                        "layers": [
                            {
                                "id": "lifecycle-stages",
                                "name": "Lifecycle stages",
                                "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "stages-and-transitions",
                                        "name": "Stages and transitions",
                                        "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a bubble tea between them.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01",
                                                "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a bubble tea, and in what units or vocabulary?",
                                                "kind": "definition",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "identifiers",
                                                    "types and classes",
                                                    "values with units",
                                                    "explicit unknowns"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02",
                                                "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a bubble tea, by which method, and when was it true?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "authority",
                                                    "method",
                                                    "evidence",
                                                    "event time",
                                                    "knowledge time"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03",
                                                "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a bubble tea is known, and what must it refuse?",
                                                "kind": "action",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "permitted actions",
                                                    "preconditions",
                                                    "refusals",
                                                    "escalation"
                                                ]
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            },
                            {
                                "id": "observations-and-status",
                                "name": "Observations and current status",
                                "description": "What is observed about a bubble tea, how often and by whom.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "observation-record",
                                        "name": "Observation record",
                                        "description": "How an observation of a bubble tea is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "observation-record-q01",
                                                "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a bubble tea, and in what units or vocabulary?",
                                                "kind": "definition",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "identifiers",
                                                    "types and classes",
                                                    "values with units",
                                                    "explicit unknowns"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "observation-record-q02",
                                                "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a bubble tea, by which method, and when was it true?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "authority",
                                                    "method",
                                                    "evidence",
                                                    "event time",
                                                    "knowledge time"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "observation-record-q03",
                                                "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a bubble tea is known, and what must it refuse?",
                                                "kind": "action",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "permitted actions",
                                                    "preconditions",
                                                    "refusals",
                                                    "escalation"
                                                ]
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            }
                        ]
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "use-and-operation",
                        "name": "Use and operation",
                        "description": "What can be done with a bubble tea and what it takes to do it.",
                        "rationale": "An agent that can recognise a thing but not act on it has only half a model.",
                        "layers": [
                            {
                                "id": "intended-use",
                                "name": "Intended use and function",
                                "description": "What a bubble tea is for, and what it is used for anyway.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "function-and-purpose",
                                        "name": "Function, purpose and misuse",
                                        "description": "The function a bubble tea performs and the uses that fall outside it.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "function-and-purpose-q01",
                                                "text": "What identifies and describes the use of a bubble tea, and in what units or vocabulary?",
                                                "kind": "definition",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "identifiers",
                                                    "types and classes",
                                                    "values with units",
                                                    "explicit unknowns"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "function-and-purpose-q02",
                                                "text": "Who or what asserted this about the use of a bubble tea, by which method, and when was it true?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "authority",
                                                    "method",
                                                    "evidence",
                                                    "event time",
                                                    "knowledge time"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "function-and-purpose-q03",
                                                "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the use of a bubble tea is known, and what must it refuse?",
                                                "kind": "action",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "permitted actions",
                                                    "preconditions",
                                                    "refusals",
                                                    "escalation"
                                                ]
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            },
                            {
                                "id": "handling-and-procedure",
                                "name": "Handling and procedure",
                                "description": "The steps, skills and tools involved in using a bubble tea.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "procedures-and-skills",
                                        "name": "Procedures, skills and required tools",
                                        "description": "What an agent needs before it can act on a bubble tea at all.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "procedures-and-skills-q01",
                                                "text": "What identifies and describes handling a bubble tea, and in what units or vocabulary?",
                                                "kind": "definition",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "identifiers",
                                                    "types and classes",
                                                    "values with units",
                                                    "explicit unknowns"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "procedures-and-skills-q02",
                                                "text": "Who or what asserted this about handling a bubble tea, by which method, and when was it true?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "authority",
                                                    "method",
                                                    "evidence",
                                                    "event time",
                                                    "knowledge time"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "procedures-and-skills-q03",
                                                "text": "What may an agent decide or do once handling a bubble tea is known, and what must it refuse?",
                                                "kind": "action",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "permitted actions",
                                                    "preconditions",
                                                    "refusals",
                                                    "escalation"
                                                ]
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            },
                            {
                                "id": "supply-and-consumption",
                                "name": "Supply and consumption",
                                "description": "Quantities, rates and what running out means.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "consumption-and-stock",
                                        "name": "Consumption, stock and replenishment",
                                        "description": "How much of a bubble tea there is and how fast it goes.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "consumption-and-stock-q01",
                                                "text": "What identifies and describes the supply of a bubble tea, and in what units or vocabulary?",
                                                "kind": "definition",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "identifiers",
                                                    "types and classes",
                                                    "values with units",
                                                    "explicit unknowns"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "consumption-and-stock-q02",
                                                "text": "Who or what asserted this about the supply of a bubble tea, by which method, and when was it true?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "authority",
                                                    "method",
                                                    "evidence",
                                                    "event time",
                                                    "knowledge time"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "consumption-and-stock-q03",
                                                "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the supply of a bubble tea is known, and what must it refuse?",
                                                "kind": "action",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "permitted actions",
                                                    "preconditions",
                                                    "refusals",
                                                    "escalation"
                                                ]
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            }
                        ]
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "composition-and-identity",
                        "name": "Composition, grade and chemical identity",
                        "description": "What bubble tea is made of and how pure the thing in hand is.",
                        "rationale": "Grade decides what a substance may be used for, so a model that records only the name cannot support any decision about use.",
                        "layers": [
                            {
                                "id": "chemical-identity",
                                "name": "Chemical identity",
                                "description": "Formula, structure and the registry numbers that name it unambiguously.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "identity-record",
                                        "name": "Identity and registry numbers",
                                        "description": "What identifies this substance across suppliers and regulators.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "identity-record-q01",
                                                "text": "What formula, structure and registry identifiers name bubble tea unambiguously?",
                                                "kind": "definition"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "identity-record-q02",
                                                "text": "Which related substances share a name in common use but not an identifier?",
                                                "kind": "boundary"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            },
                            {
                                "id": "grade-and-impurities",
                                "name": "Grade, purity and impurities",
                                "description": "The specification a batch meets and what else is in it.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "specification",
                                        "name": "Specification and assay",
                                        "description": "How purity is stated and measured, and which impurities matter.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "specification-q01",
                                                "text": "What grades of bubble tea exist, how is purity assayed, and which impurities are limited?",
                                                "kind": "measurement"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "specification-q02",
                                                "text": "Which use requires which grade, and what happens when a lower grade is substituted?",
                                                "kind": "action"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            }
                        ]
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "properties-and-behaviour",
                        "name": "Properties and behaviour",
                        "description": "How bubble tea behaves under conditions an agent can measure or change.",
                        "rationale": "Physical constants are the part of a substance model that transfers between contexts, and each needs its unit and its conditions.",
                        "layers": [
                            {
                                "id": "physical-constants",
                                "name": "Physical constants",
                                "description": "Values that hold for the pure substance, with their conditions.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "constants-record",
                                        "name": "Constants and conditions",
                                        "description": "The quantities worth recording and the state they apply in.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "constants-record-q01",
                                                "text": "What are the defining physical constants of bubble tea, in what units and under what conditions?",
                                                "kind": "measurement"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "constants-record-q02",
                                                "text": "Which of these values change with grade or form rather than being fixed?",
                                                "kind": "boundary"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            },
                            {
                                "id": "stability-and-reactivity",
                                "name": "Stability and reactivity",
                                "description": "What it reacts with, degrades into, and how it is stored.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "incompatibilities",
                                        "name": "Incompatibilities and degradation",
                                        "description": "What must not meet it, and what it becomes over time.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "incompatibilities-q01",
                                                "text": "What is bubble tea incompatible with, and what does it degrade into under storage?",
                                                "kind": "definition"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "incompatibilities-q02",
                                                "text": "What storage and handling does that require, and who is competent to do it?",
                                                "kind": "action"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            }
                        ]
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "hazard-and-regulation",
                        "name": "Hazard classification and regulation",
                        "description": "How bubble tea can harm, and what the law says about holding and moving it.",
                        "rationale": "A substance model without its hazard class and its regulatory identity is unusable in exactly the situations that matter.",
                        "layers": [
                            {
                                "id": "hazard-class",
                                "name": "Hazard classification",
                                "description": "Classified hazards, exposure limits and protective measures.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "classified-hazards",
                                        "name": "Classified hazards and limits",
                                        "description": "The classification, the scheme it belongs to, and the limits set.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "classified-hazards-q01",
                                                "text": "How is bubble tea classified for hazard, under which scheme, and what exposure limits apply?",
                                                "kind": "definition"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "classified-hazards-q02",
                                                "text": "What protection does handling require, and what must an agent refuse to do without it?",
                                                "kind": "action"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            },
                            {
                                "id": "regulatory-identity",
                                "name": "Regulatory identity and control",
                                "description": "Registration, restriction and transport rules by jurisdiction.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "controls",
                                        "name": "Controls and jurisdiction",
                                        "description": "Where it is restricted and what the restriction attaches to.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "controls-q01",
                                                "text": "Which registrations, restrictions or transport rules cover bubble tea, and where?",
                                                "kind": "provenance"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "controls-q02",
                                                "text": "Does the control attach to the substance, its concentration, or its intended use?",
                                                "kind": "boundary"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            }
                        ]
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "provenance-and-evidence",
                        "name": "Provenance, evidence and time",
                        "description": "Where every claim about a bubble tea came from and when it held.",
                        "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.",
                        "layers": [
                            {
                                "id": "source-and-authority",
                                "name": "Source and authority",
                                "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "claim-provenance",
                                        "name": "Claim provenance and confidence",
                                        "description": "The authority behind each claim about a bubble tea and how confident it is.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "claim-provenance-q01",
                                                "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a bubble tea, and in what units or vocabulary?",
                                                "kind": "definition",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "identifiers",
                                                    "types and classes",
                                                    "values with units",
                                                    "explicit unknowns"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "claim-provenance-q02",
                                                "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a bubble tea, by which method, and when was it true?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "authority",
                                                    "method",
                                                    "evidence",
                                                    "event time",
                                                    "knowledge time"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "claim-provenance-q03",
                                                "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a bubble tea is known, and what must it refuse?",
                                                "kind": "action",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "permitted actions",
                                                    "preconditions",
                                                    "refusals",
                                                    "escalation"
                                                ]
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            },
                            {
                                "id": "time-and-versions",
                                "name": "Time, versions and supersession",
                                "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "validity-and-supersession",
                                        "name": "Validity period and supersession",
                                        "description": "How an old claim about a bubble tea is retired without being erased.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01",
                                                "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a bubble tea, and in what units or vocabulary?",
                                                "kind": "definition",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "identifiers",
                                                    "types and classes",
                                                    "values with units",
                                                    "explicit unknowns"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02",
                                                "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a bubble tea, by which method, and when was it true?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "authority",
                                                    "method",
                                                    "evidence",
                                                    "event time",
                                                    "knowledge time"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03",
                                                "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a bubble tea is known, and what must it refuse?",
                                                "kind": "action",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "permitted actions",
                                                    "preconditions",
                                                    "refusals",
                                                    "escalation"
                                                ]
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            }
                        ]
                    }
                ]
            },
            "statistics": {
                "bundles": 9,
                "layers": 20,
                "findings": 22,
                "questions": 60
            }
        }
    }
}