{ "model": { "rank": 5590, "code": "thing-q7173", "model_id": "vr.tr.marine-biology", "name": "marine biology", "purpose": "Let an agent explain marine biology, relay subfields, methods, major habitats and conservation issues from marine science sources with findings attributed, describe the named subfields and flag the loosely filed alias, route marine injury emergencies, and distinguish marine biology from oceanography, fisheries science, limnology and aquaculture.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Information and virtual systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "INF", "domain": "INF.KNW", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q7173/", "tier": 2, "score": 66, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "marine genomics", "malacology", "paleomalacology", "limacology", "conchology", "coral reef biology", "marine mammalogy", "spongiology", "deep-sea biology", "cetology" ], "aliasCount": 10, "merged": 10, "knownIn": 66, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q7173", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7173", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-14T01:19:29Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 4, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q7173", "registryId": "vr.tr.marine-biology", "name": "marine biology", "version": "0.2.0-wave.4", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "INF.KNW" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q7173/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.marine-biology", "name": "marine biology", "purpose": "Let an agent explain marine biology, relay subfields, methods, major habitats and conservation issues from marine science sources with findings attributed, describe the named subfields and flag the loosely filed alias, route marine injury emergencies, and distinguish marine biology from oceanography, fisheries science, limnology and aquaculture.", "definition": "The scientific study of organisms in the ocean and other saltwater environments, their behaviour, physiology, ecology and interactions with the physical environment, spanning plankton, seaweeds, invertebrates, fish, marine mammals and microbes, with subfields and related disciplines the registry aliases name such as coral reef biology, marine genomics, malacology, the study of molluscs, conchology, the study of shells, and paleomalacology; limacology, the study of slugs, is mostly terrestrial and appears loosely filed, and malacology and conchology also cover freshwater and land species. Marine biologists address issues such as overfishing, ocean warming, acidification and plastic pollution, with findings attributed. Stings or bites from marine animals can need urgent care.", "what_it_is_for": "Understanding life in the oceans.", "affordances": [ "explain subfields", "relay methods and habitats", "describe named subfields", "present conservation issues with attribution" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Saltwater focus", "Field and lab methods", "Broad taxonomic scope", "Conservation relevance" ], "appearance": "Research vessels, dive surveys, laboratories and aquaria.", "visual_identification": [ "Study of saltwater organisms", "Marine genomics, malacology, paleomalacology, limacology, conchology, coral reef biology", "Oceanography studies physical and chemical oceans; fisheries science manages stocks; limnology studies fresh waters; aquaculture farms organisms" ], "physical_properties": [ { "quantity": "Challenger expedition", "typical_range": "1872-1876", "unit": "years", "note": "" }, { "quantity": "Census of Marine Life", "typical_range": "2000-2010", "unit": "years", "note": "" }, { "quantity": "UN Decade of Ocean Science", "typical_range": "2021-2030", "unit": "years", "note": "" } ], "families_and_kinds": [ "biological oceanography", "marine ecology", "marine mammalogy", "coral reef biology", "marine microbiology and genomics" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "aquatic biology", "why": "in registry terms" }, { "relation": "includes", "target": "coral reef biology", "why": "" }, { "relation": "is contrasted with", "target": "oceanography", "why": "" }, { "relation": "is contrasted with", "target": "limacology", "why": "loosely filed alias" } ], "identifiers": [], "standards_and_regulation": [ "UN Convention on the Law of the Sea", "Marine protected area laws", "Permits for marine research and collection" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Stings and bites during fieldwork", "Diving accidents", "Partisan framing of fisheries debates" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "understand", "name": "Understand", "description": "What marine biology is.", "rationale": "Science.", "layers": [ { "id": "definition", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-finding", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition.", "questions": [ { "text": "Has someone been stung or bitten by a marine animal and has severe pain, breathing difficulty or collapse, in which case call emergency services?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "text": "What is marine biology, and how does it differ from oceanography, fisheries science, limnology and aquaculture?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "subfields", "name": "Subfields", "description": "Named subfields.", "findings": [ { "id": "subfields-finding", "name": "Subfields", "description": "Subfields.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are marine genomics, malacology, paleomalacology, conchology and coral reef biology, and why is limacology different?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the specific subfield?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "methods", "name": "Methods", "description": "Methods.", "rationale": "Science.", "layers": [ { "id": "field", "name": "Fieldwork", "description": "Fieldwork.", "findings": [ { "id": "field-finding", "name": "Fieldwork", "description": "Fieldwork.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do marine biologists use diving, ROVs and ships?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which references are standard?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "genomics", "name": "Genomics", "description": "Marine genomics.", "findings": [ { "id": "genomics-finding", "name": "Genomics", "description": "Genomics.", "questions": [ { "text": "How is environmental DNA used to survey marine life?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which sources are cited?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "habitats", "name": "Habitats", "description": "Habitats.", "rationale": "Science.", "layers": [ { "id": "reefs", "name": "Reefs", "description": "Coral reefs.", "findings": [ { "id": "reefs-finding", "name": "Reefs", "description": "Reefs.", "questions": [ { "text": "What do reef scientists report about coral bleaching, with findings attributed?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits coral bleaching?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "deep", "name": "Deep sea", "description": "Deep sea.", "findings": [ { "id": "deep-finding", "name": "Deep sea", "description": "Deep sea.", "questions": [ { "text": "What life exists at hydrothermal vents and in the deep sea?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is the information current?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "context", "name": "Context", "description": "Conservation.", "rationale": "Attribution.", "layers": [ { "id": "fisheries", "name": "Fisheries", "description": "Overfishing debates.", "findings": [ { "id": "fisheries-finding", "name": "Fisheries", "description": "Fisheries.", "questions": [ { "text": "What do scientists, fishing industries and regulators argue about fish stocks, with positions attributed?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is the presentation neutral and attributed?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "plastic", "name": "Plastic", "description": "Marine plastic.", "findings": [ { "id": "plastic-finding", "name": "Plastic", "description": "Plastic.", "questions": [ { "text": "What do studies report about plastic pollution effects on marine life?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits marine plastic pollution?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "The registry alias limacology should be moved to terrestrial malacology entries", "Should malacology and conchology be linked as broader fields?", "How should ocean data portals be linked?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "discipline or field of knowledge", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a marine biology, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent explain marine biology, relay subfields, methods, major habitats and conservation issues from marine science sources with findings attributed, describe the named subfields and flag the loosely filed alias, route marine injury emergencies, and distinguish marine biology from oceanography, fisheries science, limnology and aquaculture.", "characteristics": { "substance": "information", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "read and interpreted" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: marine genomics, malacology, paleomalacology, limacology, conchology, coral reef biology, marine mammalogy, spongiology, deep-sea biology, cetology.", "10 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 66 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a marine biology, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "content that has to be carried by something else", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "read it and act on what it says" ], "howItIsRecognised": [], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "marine genomics", "malacology", "paleomalacology", "limacology", "conchology", "coral reef biology", "marine mammalogy", "spongiology", "deep-sea biology", "cetology" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 66 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 10 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one marine biology from another, and a marine biology from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a marine biology, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a marine biology, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a marine biology is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a marine biology, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a marine biology, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a marine biology is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a marine biology sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a marine biology, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a marine biology, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a marine biology is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a marine biology from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a marine biology, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a marine biology, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a marine biology is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a marine biology passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a marine biology between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a marine biology, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a marine biology, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a marine biology is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a marine biology, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a marine biology is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a marine biology, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a marine biology, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a marine biology is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "content-and-access", "name": "Content, encoding and access", "description": "What a marine biology says, how it is encoded and who may read it.", "rationale": "An informational thing carries content that can be copied, versioned and withheld, none of which its physical carrier explains.", "layers": [ { "id": "content-and-encoding", "name": "Content and encoding", "description": "The content itself, its format and its language.", "findings": [ { "id": "content-and-format", "name": "Content, format and language", "description": "What a marine biology contains and in what form it is held.", "questions": [ { "id": "content-and-format-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the content of a marine biology, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "content-and-format-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the content of a marine biology, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "content-and-format-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the content of a marine biology is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "access-and-rights", "name": "Access, rights and retention", "description": "Who may read, copy or change it, and for how long it is kept.", "findings": [ { "id": "access-rules", "name": "Access rules and retention", "description": "The permissions attached to a marine biology and the period it survives.", "questions": [ { "id": "access-rules-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes access to a marine biology, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "access-rules-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about access to a marine biology, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "access-rules-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once access to a marine biology is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "subject-and-method", "name": "Subject matter and method", "description": "What marine biology studies and how it establishes anything.", "rationale": "A field is identified by its questions and its methods, and those are what distinguish it from the fields next to it.", "layers": [ { "id": "subject", "name": "Subject matter", "description": "The questions it takes as its own.", "findings": [ { "id": "subject-record", "name": "Questions and objects of study", "description": "What it is about, stated so a neighbouring field can be told apart.", "questions": [ { "id": "subject-record-q01", "text": "What questions and objects does marine biology take as its own?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "subject-record-q02", "text": "Which questions does it share with a neighbouring field, and who claims them?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "method", "name": "Method and evidence", "description": "How claims are established and what counts as evidence.", "findings": [ { "id": "method-record", "name": "Methods and standards of evidence", "description": "The methods used and what they are taken to establish.", "questions": [ { "id": "method-record-q01", "text": "By what methods does marine biology establish claims, and what counts as sufficient evidence?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "method-record-q02", "text": "What kind of claim can this field not settle, and where should an agent look instead?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "institutions-and-classification", "name": "Institutions and classification", "description": "Where marine biology is practised and how catalogues place it.", "rationale": "The institutional footprint is the evidence that a field exists as a field rather than as a topic.", "layers": [ { "id": "institutions", "name": "Institutional markers", "description": "Societies, journals, degrees and departments.", "findings": [ { "id": "institution-record", "name": "Bodies and venues", "description": "Where the field organises itself.", "questions": [ { "id": "institution-record-q01", "text": "Which societies, journals or degrees mark marine biology as an established field?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "institution-record-q02", "text": "What would show that it is emerging or dissolving rather than established?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification", "name": "Classification schemes", "description": "Where library and research classifications put it.", "findings": [ { "id": "classification-record", "name": "Codes and their disagreements", "description": "The classification codes that place it, and where they differ.", "questions": [ { "id": "classification-record-q01", "text": "Which classification schemes place marine biology, under what codes?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "classification-record-q02", "text": "Where do those schemes disagree about its scope?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a marine biology came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a marine biology and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a marine biology, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a marine biology, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a marine biology is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a marine biology is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a marine biology, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a marine biology, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a marine biology is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }