{ "model": { "rank": 4502, "code": "thing-q7211", "model_id": "vr.tr.taxonomy-q7211", "name": "taxonomy", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise taxonomy as a field of biological inquiry, assess the basis and currency of its classifications, and determine when taxonomic conclusions can be used or require specialist review.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Information and virtual systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "INF", "domain": "INF.KNW", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q7211/", "tier": 2, "score": 75, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "types of chocolate", "85% Dark Chocolate", "cell-type taxonomy", "linguistic taxonomy", "numerical taxonomy" ], "aliasCount": 5, "merged": 5, "knownIn": 75, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": "vr.tr.taxonomy", "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q7211", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7211", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T20:22:12Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 26.4, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a087d4-ef9e-7001-b214-9277b4dc1fee\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: taxonomy\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: INF.KNW\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 695 things:\n# Batch 004: 1001 registe", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 58.8, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a087d4-ef90-7f21-8843-f8d940a5a2fc\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: taxonomy\nRegistry id: vr.tr.taxonomy-q7211\nPlane / domain: INF / INF.KNW\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\n\n" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q7211", "registryId": "vr.tr.taxonomy-q7211", "name": "taxonomy", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "INF.KNW" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q7211/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.taxonomy-q7211", "name": "taxonomy", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise taxonomy as a field of biological inquiry, assess the basis and currency of its classifications, and determine when taxonomic conclusions can be used or require specialist review.", "definition": "Taxonomy is the discipline concerned with discovering, delimiting, describing, naming and classifying groups of organisms, although the term also denotes classification practices and their resulting schemes in other domains.", "scope_statement": "This model owns taxonomy as the discipline concerned with delimiting, describing, identifying, naming and classifying organisms into taxa; this biological sense is provisional pending verification of the registry entry's intended meaning.", "in_scope": [ "Organisms and taxa as subjects of taxonomic investigation", "Methods and evidence used to delimit and distinguish taxa", "Relationships between taxon concepts, scientific names and classifications", "Practices for descriptions, identifications and taxonomic revisions", "Disciplinary boundaries, specialist communities and institutional markers" ], "out_of_scope": [ "An individual taxon or organism as an independently modelled thing", "A particular classification scheme as an information artifact", "General-purpose business taxonomies, thesauri and ontologies", "Evolutionary history and phylogenetic inference except where they support taxonomic decisions", "Practitioners, collections, societies and publications as independently modelled entities", "Nomenclatural codes as independently maintained rule systems" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Its investigations concern the identity, boundaries, names or classification of organism groups; organising arbitrary information into categories does not establish this biological sense.", "A taxonomic conclusion must distinguish the circumscription of a taxon from the name applied to it, because these can change independently.", "Compliance with naming rules does not by itself establish that a proposed taxon is biologically well supported.", "Identifying a specimen applies a taxon concept, whereas describing or revising a taxon establishes or changes the concept being applied.", "A phylogenetic hypothesis informs relationships among organisms but does not alone determine which ranks or names a classification must adopt." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Organismal remit", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Organism groups and inclusion or exclusion of fossil, extant and other boundary cases", "why_it_matters": "Determines which evidence, specialist expertise and naming conventions are relevant." }, { "name": "Taxonomic activity", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Delimitation, description, identification, naming, classification or revision; multiple values permitted", "why_it_matters": "Separates activities that require different evidence and produce different kinds of conclusions." }, { "name": "Species or taxon concept", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Explicitly stated concept and operational criteria, or unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Makes the assumptions behind boundaries assessable and explains some disagreements between treatments." }, { "name": "Evidence basis", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Morphological, molecular, ecological, behavioural, reproductive, geographical, palaeontological or combined", "why_it_matters": "Shows what supports a decision and where independent corroboration is missing." }, { "name": "Nomenclatural framework", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Applicable code or convention, edition and organismal jurisdiction", "why_it_matters": "Determines which naming procedures and status terms apply." }, { "name": "Concept attribution", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Taxon concept linked to an author, treatment, date or version", "why_it_matters": "Prevents identical name strings from being treated as proof of identical biological scope." }, { "name": "Treatment status", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Proposed, adopted by a named authority, disputed, superseded or unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Supports use decisions without presenting acceptance as universal." }, { "name": "Sampling coverage", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Counts of examined specimens, populations, localities and characters, with their sampling scope", "why_it_matters": "Helps assess whether a proposed distinction reflects broader variation or a narrow sample." } ], "affordances": [ "Determine which taxonomic expertise and nomenclatural framework a biological classification problem requires.", "Compare competing treatments by their taxon concepts, evidence and sampling rather than name strings alone.", "Trace an identification or revision to the specimens, observations and publications supporting it.", "Assess whether available evidence supports applying an existing concept or warrants a proposed revision.", "Flag ambiguous name usage, conflicting classifications and unresolved delimitations for specialist review.", "Assess downstream effects of taxonomic changes on biological records while preserving their original identifications." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "disciplinary-remit", "name": "Disciplinary remit", "description": "Establishes which sense of taxonomy is being modelled and how its biological work is bounded.", "rationale": "Taxonomy can denote a discipline or an organising artifact, and biological taxonomy overlaps with neighbouring fields.", "layers": [ { "id": "subject-and-activity", "name": "Subject and activity", "description": "Identifies the biological subjects and taxonomic operations covered.", "findings": [ { "id": "biological-taxonomy-sense", "name": "Biological taxonomy sense", "description": "Record whether the intended subject is the discipline of investigating and classifying organism groups, and specify its organismal remit.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does this registry entry denote biological taxonomy as a discipline, and what evidence establishes that sense?", "kind": "definition", "id": "biological-taxonomy-sense-q01" }, { "text": "Which organism groups and which activities - delimitation, description, identification, naming or classification - fall within the adopted remit?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "biological-taxonomy-sense-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "neighbouring-fields", "name": "Neighbouring fields", "description": "Records the convention used to distinguish taxonomy from systematics, phylogenetics and nomenclature.", "findings": [ { "id": "disciplinary-boundary-convention", "name": "Disciplinary boundary convention", "description": "Make the adopted boundary explicit rather than assuming that all communities use these disciplinary terms identically.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which handbook, learned society or other disciplinary authority supplies the adopted relationship between taxonomy and systematics?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "disciplinary-boundary-convention-q01" }, { "text": "Which questions are referred to phylogenetic inference or nomenclatural adjudication rather than settled by taxonomic delimitation?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "disciplinary-boundary-convention-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "delimitation-and-evidence", "name": "Delimitation and evidence", "description": "Captures how taxonomic boundaries are proposed, tested and revised.", "rationale": "A classification is assessable only when the criteria and observations supporting its distinctions are recoverable.", "layers": [ { "id": "concepts-and-diagnoses", "name": "Concepts and diagnoses", "description": "Separates assumptions about taxon boundaries from the features used to recognise them.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-delimitation", "name": "Operational delimitation", "description": "Record the adopted taxon concept, its decision criteria and the diagnosis used to distinguish the proposed group from close alternatives.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which species or higher-taxon concept is being applied, and how is it translated into observable decision criteria?", "kind": "definition", "id": "operational-delimitation-q01" }, { "text": "Which comparison groups and forms of within-group variation must the proposed diagnostic features distinguish?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "operational-delimitation-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "sampling-and-corroboration", "name": "Sampling and corroboration", "description": "Assesses the observations, reference material and coverage behind a delimitation.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-adequacy", "name": "Evidence adequacy", "description": "Record examined material, analytical methods and coverage limits, including disagreement between evidence types.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which specimens, voucher records, sequences or published observations support the proposed boundary?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "evidence-adequacy-q01" }, { "text": "How well do the samples cover geographical range, life stages, sexes and other relevant sources of variation?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "evidence-adequacy-q02" }, { "text": "What additional observation or comparison would discriminate between competing delimitations?", "kind": "action", "id": "evidence-adequacy-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "names-concepts-and-classification", "name": "Names, concepts and classification", "description": "Distinguishes naming rules, biological circumscriptions and placement within classifications.", "rationale": "Agents must avoid equating a name's formal status with biological support or universal acceptance of a taxon.", "layers": [ { "id": "nomenclatural-application", "name": "Nomenclatural application", "description": "Identifies the applicable naming framework and evidence for applying a name.", "findings": [ { "id": "name-bearing-reference", "name": "Name-bearing reference", "description": "Record the relevant code, original naming act and type or other name-bearing reference required by that framework, without treating it as a complete definition of taxon boundaries.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which nomenclatural code or convention governs this name, and which edition or provisions are relevant?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "name-bearing-reference-q01" }, { "text": "What original publication and name-bearing reference establish the name's application under that framework?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "name-bearing-reference-q02" }, { "text": "Which naming-status terms must be kept separate from judgments about biological distinctness?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "name-bearing-reference-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "circumscription-and-placement", "name": "Circumscription and placement", "description": "Tracks which organisms a treatment includes and how it relates their group to other taxa.", "findings": [ { "id": "attributed-taxon-concepts", "name": "Attributed taxon concepts", "description": "Attach circumscription, rank, placement and synonymy judgments to a specified treatment so that competing classifications remain distinguishable.", "questions": [ { "text": "According to which treatment does this name include these organisms and occupy this rank and parent group?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "attributed-taxon-concepts-q01" }, { "text": "Do two treatments describe congruent, overlapping, broader, narrower or disjoint taxon concepts, and what evidence supports that comparison?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "attributed-taxon-concepts-q02" }, { "text": "How should records be mapped after a split, lump or reassignment when the original identification lacks enough detail?", "kind": "action", "id": "attributed-taxon-concepts-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "practice-authority-and-use", "name": "Practice, authority and use", "description": "Connects taxonomic work to disciplinary institutions, review practices and responsible application.", "rationale": "Taxonomic conclusions develop through specialist practice, and agents need an attributable basis for choosing and using a treatment.", "layers": [ { "id": "disciplinary-institutions", "name": "Disciplinary institutions", "description": "Locates the field through specialist communities, research infrastructure and knowledge classifications.", "findings": [ { "id": "institutional-markers", "name": "Institutional markers", "description": "Record verified societies, journals, training programmes, collections and classification entries that identify taxonomy as a field, with their organismal or regional scope.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which societies, journals, training programmes and curated collections explicitly support taxonomic research in the relevant organism group?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "institutional-markers-q01" }, { "text": "Which entries in named editions of knowledge-classification schemes place taxonomy, and do they distinguish it from systematics or general classification?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "institutional-markers-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "review-and-operational-use", "name": "Review and operational use", "description": "Determines when an agent may apply a treatment and when unresolved evidence requires review.", "findings": [ { "id": "treatment-selection-and-revision", "name": "Treatment selection and revision", "description": "Record the chosen authority, version, competing interpretations and criteria for applying or reconsidering a taxonomic treatment.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which checklist, revision or specialist treatment is adopted for this task, and what alternatives or unresolved disputes does it leave?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "treatment-selection-and-revision-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence permits an identification at the proposed rank, and when should the agent retain an uncertain or broader identification?", "kind": "action", "id": "treatment-selection-and-revision-q02" }, { "text": "Which new revision or conflicting observation should trigger reassessment of dependent biological records?", "kind": "action", "id": "treatment-selection-and-revision-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "The unqualified name is ambiguous: this description uses the biological discipline sense, but INF.KNW could instead indicate general classification or knowledge organization.", "Standards and identifier schemes are recalled, not checked against their current editions or database policies.", "Taxonomic ranks have no universal quantitative thresholds, and species boundaries depend partly on the organisms and species concepts involved." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of taxonomy this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Descriptive taxonomy", "Numerical taxonomy", "Molecular taxonomy", "Integrative taxonomy" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of taxonomy this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Scientific names under biological nomenclatural codes", "value_or_pattern": "Genus name followed by a specific epithet for species", "note": "Names identify taxa within a nomenclatural framework; they are not permanent identifiers of an unchanged taxonomic circumscription." }, { "scheme": "NCBI Taxonomy identifier", "value_or_pattern": "Integer TaxID", "note": "Identifies a taxonomic entry in the NCBI Taxonomy database, not the discipline itself." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of taxonomy this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "International Code of Zoological Nomenclature - International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature.", "International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants - adopted through International Botanical Congresses.", "International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes - International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes.", "International Code of Virus Classification and Nomenclature - International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of taxonomy this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Describing species and revising the boundaries of previously recognized taxa.", "Organizing biological collections and biodiversity inventories.", "Connecting sequence records, specimens and observations through taxonomic references.", "Supporting conservation assessments and identification of invasive organisms.", "Providing organism names used in agriculture, medicine and biosecurity." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of taxonomy this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Treating identical names as proof that different sources mean the same taxon.", "Overlooking cryptic species or mistaking variation within a species for separate species.", "Basing classifications on misidentified specimens, contaminated sequences or inadequate sampling.", "Assuming nomenclatural compliance establishes the biological validity of a taxonomic interpretation.", "Propagating outdated classifications across databases without recording versions or provenance." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of taxonomy this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Scientific nomenclatural codes are international, while vernacular names vary by language and locality.", "Regional checklists can adopt different taxonomic treatments and update schedules." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of taxonomy this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Systematics", "difference": "Systematics studies biological diversity and relationships more broadly; taxonomy concentrates on delimiting, describing, naming and classifying taxa, although disciplinary boundaries overlap." }, { "name": "Nomenclature", "difference": "Nomenclature governs the formation and application of names; taxonomy determines which groups are recognized and how they are circumscribed." }, { "name": "Phylogenetics", "difference": "Phylogenetics reconstructs evolutionary relationships; taxonomy uses such relationships alongside other evidence to recognize and classify taxa." }, { "name": "Identification", "difference": "Identification assigns an organism or specimen to an existing taxon; taxonomy can establish or revise the taxa themselves." }, { "name": "Knowledge organization taxonomy", "difference": "An information taxonomy organizes concepts or content into categories; its categories need not represent organisms or evolutionary relationships." }, { "name": "Ontology", "difference": "An ontology explicitly models entities and relationships with defined semantics; a taxonomy can provide classification without that broader formal structure." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of taxonomy this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does vr.tr.taxonomy-q7211 explicitly denote biological taxonomy as a discipline, or a broader science of classification?", "Which authoritative disciplinary definition should fix its boundary with systematics and nomenclature?", "Does an existing Vercy world model already cover this concept, requiring a registry link rather than a separate publication?", "Which nomenclatural frameworks and boundary cases, including viruses and fossil organisms, must the researched model cover?", "Which verified classification codes, learned societies, journals and defining handbooks best establish the field without privileging one organism group?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 5, "layers": 9, "findings": 16, "questions": 28 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "discipline or field of knowledge", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a taxonomy, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an agent to recognise taxonomy as a field of biological inquiry, assess the basis and currency of its classifications, and determine when taxonomic conclusions can be used or require specialist review.", "characteristics": { "substance": "information", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "read and interpreted" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: types of chocolate, 85% Dark Chocolate, cell-type taxonomy, linguistic taxonomy, numerical taxonomy.", "5 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 75 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a taxonomy, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "content that has to be carried by something else", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "read it and act on what it says" ], "howItIsRecognised": [], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "types of chocolate", "85% Dark Chocolate", "cell-type taxonomy", "linguistic taxonomy", "numerical taxonomy" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 75 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 5 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one taxonomy from another, and a taxonomy from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a taxonomy, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a taxonomy, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a taxonomy is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a taxonomy, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a taxonomy, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a taxonomy is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a taxonomy sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a taxonomy, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a taxonomy, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a taxonomy is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a taxonomy from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a taxonomy, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a taxonomy, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a taxonomy is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a taxonomy passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a taxonomy between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a taxonomy, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a taxonomy, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a taxonomy is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a taxonomy, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a taxonomy is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a taxonomy, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a taxonomy, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a taxonomy is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "content-and-access", "name": "Content, encoding and access", "description": "What a taxonomy says, how it is encoded and who may read it.", "rationale": "An informational thing carries content that can be copied, versioned and withheld, none of which its physical carrier explains.", "layers": [ { "id": "content-and-encoding", "name": "Content and encoding", "description": "The content itself, its format and its language.", "findings": [ { "id": "content-and-format", "name": "Content, format and language", "description": "What a taxonomy contains and in what form it is held.", "questions": [ { "id": "content-and-format-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the content of a taxonomy, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "content-and-format-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the content of a taxonomy, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "content-and-format-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the content of a taxonomy is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "access-and-rights", "name": "Access, rights and retention", "description": "Who may read, copy or change it, and for how long it is kept.", "findings": [ { "id": "access-rules", "name": "Access rules and retention", "description": "The permissions attached to a taxonomy and the period it survives.", "questions": [ { "id": "access-rules-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes access to a taxonomy, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "access-rules-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about access to a taxonomy, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "access-rules-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once access to a taxonomy is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "subject-and-method", "name": "Subject matter and method", "description": "What taxonomy studies and how it establishes anything.", "rationale": "A field is identified by its questions and its methods, and those are what distinguish it from the fields next to it.", "layers": [ { "id": "subject", "name": "Subject matter", "description": "The questions it takes as its own.", "findings": [ { "id": "subject-record", "name": "Questions and objects of study", "description": "What it is about, stated so a neighbouring field can be told apart.", "questions": [ { "id": "subject-record-q01", "text": "What questions and objects does taxonomy take as its own?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "subject-record-q02", "text": "Which questions does it share with a neighbouring field, and who claims them?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "method", "name": "Method and evidence", "description": "How claims are established and what counts as evidence.", "findings": [ { "id": "method-record", "name": "Methods and standards of evidence", "description": "The methods used and what they are taken to establish.", "questions": [ { "id": "method-record-q01", "text": "By what methods does taxonomy establish claims, and what counts as sufficient evidence?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "method-record-q02", "text": "What kind of claim can this field not settle, and where should an agent look instead?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "institutions-and-classification", "name": "Institutions and classification", "description": "Where taxonomy is practised and how catalogues place it.", "rationale": "The institutional footprint is the evidence that a field exists as a field rather than as a topic.", "layers": [ { "id": "institutions", "name": "Institutional markers", "description": "Societies, journals, degrees and departments.", "findings": [ { "id": "institution-record", "name": "Bodies and venues", "description": "Where the field organises itself.", "questions": [ { "id": "institution-record-q01", "text": "Which societies, journals or degrees mark taxonomy as an established field?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "institution-record-q02", "text": "What would show that it is emerging or dissolving rather than established?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification", "name": "Classification schemes", "description": "Where library and research classifications put it.", "findings": [ { "id": "classification-record", "name": "Codes and their disagreements", "description": "The classification codes that place it, and where they differ.", "questions": [ { "id": "classification-record-q01", "text": "Which classification schemes place taxonomy, under what codes?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "classification-record-q02", "text": "Where do those schemes disagree about its scope?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a taxonomy came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a taxonomy and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a taxonomy, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a taxonomy, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a taxonomy is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a taxonomy is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a taxonomy, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a taxonomy, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a taxonomy is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }