{ "model": { "rank": 2641, "code": "thing-q72313", "model_id": "vr.tr.electric-motor", "name": "electric motor", "purpose": "Let an agent explain electric motors and their types, relay principles, efficiency and standards from engineering sources, describe applications from appliances to electric vehicles, and distinguish motors from generators and engines.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.OBJ", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q72313/", "tier": 2, "score": 100, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "ultrasonic motor", "Nissan EM", "coreless motor", "servomotor", "commutator motor", "Dahlander pole changing motor", "series commutator motor", "Arc-from drive", "linear motor", "screw drive motor from camera", "electric bicycle engine", "traction motor", "AC motor", "universal motor", "piezoelectric actuator drive", "piezoelectric motor", "Totally Enclosed, Fan-Cooled (TEFC) electric motor", "shaded pole motor", "reluctance motor", "repulsion motor", "sliding rotor motor", "Mendocino motor", "axial flux motor", "Homopolar motor", "permanent magnet motor", "DC motor", "brushed electric motor", "Singly fed electric machine", "low magnetic electric motor", "PG-101", "brushless motor", "drum motor", "Siemens SP260D", "Siemens SP90G", "inrunner", "wound rotor motor", "Yuneec Power Drive 40", "Safran ENGINeUS", "electrostatic motor", "Electric vehicle motors" ], "aliasCount": 47, "merged": 47, "knownIn": 100, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": "vr.tr.electric-motor", "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q72313", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q72313", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-13T03:39:09Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 3, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q72313", "registryId": "vr.tr.electric-motor", "name": "electric motor", "version": "0.2.0-wave.3", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.OBJ" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q72313/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.electric-motor", "name": "electric motor", "purpose": "Let an agent explain electric motors and their types, relay principles, efficiency and standards from engineering sources, describe applications from appliances to electric vehicles, and distinguish motors from generators and engines.", "definition": "A machine that converts electrical energy into mechanical motion through the interaction of magnetic fields and currents, in types including brushed commutator motors, brushless DC motors, induction motors, synchronous and permanent magnet motors, stepper motors, servomotors with feedback control, coreless motors, pole-changing designs such as the Dahlander motor, and ultrasonic motors driven by piezoelectric vibration; electric motors power industry, appliances, tools and vehicles such as the Nissan EM traction motors, and consume a large share of global electricity.", "what_it_is_for": "Converting electrical energy to motion.", "affordances": [ "explain principles and types", "relay efficiency and standards", "describe applications", "distinguish from generators" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Electromagnetic torque", "Many topologies", "Variable speed control", "High efficiency" ], "appearance": "A cylindrical housing with a rotating shaft, from tiny to room-sized.", "visual_identification": [ "Electromechanical machine producing rotation or linear motion", "Brushed, brushless, induction, synchronous, stepper, servo, coreless, ultrasonic motors", "Generators convert motion to electricity; combustion engines burn fuel; actuators may use motors" ], "physical_properties": [ { "quantity": "share of global electricity use", "typical_range": "about 45", "unit": "percent", "note": "IEA estimates" }, { "quantity": "efficiency of large industrial motors", "typical_range": "over 95", "unit": "percent", "note": "" }, { "quantity": "first practical DC motor", "typical_range": "1830s", "unit": "period", "note": "Jacobi and Davenport" } ], "families_and_kinds": [ "brushed DC and commutator motors", "brushless DC and permanent magnet synchronous motors", "induction motors including pole-changing Dahlander motors", "stepper and servomotors", "coreless and micro motors", "ultrasonic and piezoelectric motors", "linear motors", "traction motors for vehicles such as Nissan EM series" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "electric machine", "why": "in registry terms" }, { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "engine", "why": "in registry terms" }, { "relation": "is the counterpart of", "target": "electric generator", "why": "which reverses the conversion" }, { "relation": "is controlled by", "target": "variable-frequency drive", "why": "in many applications" } ], "identifiers": [ { "scheme": "IEC", "value_or_pattern": "60034", "note": "rotating electrical machines" }, { "scheme": "HS", "value_or_pattern": "8501", "note": "electric motors and generators" } ], "standards_and_regulation": [ "IEC 60034 and efficiency classes IE1 to IE5", "Minimum energy performance standards in the EU, US and elsewhere", "Electrical safety standards", "Vehicle motor standards" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Bearing and insulation failure", "Overheating", "Electrical shock hazards", "Confusing motor types in selection" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "understand", "name": "Understand", "description": "What an electric motor is.", "rationale": "Science.", "layers": [ { "id": "principle", "name": "Principle", "description": "Principle.", "findings": [ { "id": "principle-finding", "name": "Principle", "description": "Principle.", "questions": [ { "text": "How does an electric motor produce torque from magnetic fields and currents?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Is the question about a motor, a generator or a combustion engine?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "types", "name": "Types", "description": "Types.", "findings": [ { "id": "types-finding", "name": "Types", "description": "Types.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are the main motor types, from brushed and induction to stepper, servo, coreless and ultrasonic motors?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the specific type?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "select", "name": "Select", "description": "Selection and control.", "rationale": "Practice.", "layers": [ { "id": "selection", "name": "Selection", "description": "Selection.", "findings": [ { "id": "selection-finding", "name": "Selection", "description": "Selection.", "questions": [ { "text": "How are motors selected by torque, speed, duty and environment?", "kind": "action" }, { "text": "Which references are standard?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "control", "name": "Control", "description": "Control.", "findings": [ { "id": "control-finding", "name": "Control", "description": "Control.", "questions": [ { "text": "How are motors controlled with drives, inverters and feedback, including pole-changing designs?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits motor controller?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "efficiency", "name": "Efficiency", "description": "Efficiency and regulation.", "rationale": "Regulation.", "layers": [ { "id": "classes", "name": "Classes", "description": "Efficiency classes.", "findings": [ { "id": "classes-finding", "name": "Classes", "description": "Classes.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are the IE efficiency classes, and what regulations require them?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which sources are cited?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "impact", "name": "Impact", "description": "Energy impact.", "findings": [ { "id": "impact-finding", "name": "Impact", "description": "Impact.", "questions": [ { "text": "How much electricity do motors use, and how can efficiency be improved?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits energy efficiency?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "context", "name": "Context", "description": "Applications and history.", "rationale": "Context.", "layers": [ { "id": "applications", "name": "Applications", "description": "Applications.", "findings": [ { "id": "applications-finding", "name": "Applications", "description": "Applications.", "questions": [ { "text": "How are motors used in industry, appliances, robotics and electric vehicles?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits electric vehicle?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "history", "name": "History", "description": "History.", "findings": [ { "id": "history-finding", "name": "History", "description": "History.", "questions": [ { "text": "How did motors develop from Faraday and Jacobi to Tesla induction motors and modern drives?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the history of the electric motor?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should induction motor and brushless DC motor be separate primary entries?", "How should engineering standards be linked?", "The registry entry has merged aliases naming specific products; should they be split off?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "device, machine or tool", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a electric motor, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent explain electric motors and their types, relay principles, efficiency and standards from engineering sources, describe applications from appliances to electric vehicles, and distinguish motors from generators and engines.", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "manufactured", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "varies" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: ultrasonic motor, Nissan EM, coreless motor, servomotor, commutator motor, Dahlander pole changing motor, series commutator motor, Arc-from drive, linear motor, screw drive motor from camera, electric bicycle engine, traction motor.", "47 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 100 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a electric motor, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Mobility varies between examples.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by form, by the arrangement of its controls, and by markings - a plate, a model number, a certification mark. Form alone rarely separates two models that do very different things." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "ultrasonic motor", "Nissan EM", "coreless motor", "servomotor", "commutator motor", "Dahlander pole changing motor", "series commutator motor", "Arc-from drive", "linear motor", "screw drive motor from camera", "electric bicycle engine", "traction motor" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 100 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 47 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one electric motor from another, and a electric motor from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a electric motor, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a electric motor, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a electric motor is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a electric motor, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a electric motor, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a electric motor is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a electric motor sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a electric motor, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a electric motor, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a electric motor is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a electric motor from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a electric motor, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a electric motor, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a electric motor is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a electric motor is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a electric motor, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a electric motor, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a electric motor is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a electric motor is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a electric motor, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a electric motor, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a electric motor is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a electric motor is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a electric motor, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a electric motor, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a electric motor is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a electric motor is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a electric motor is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a electric motor, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a electric motor, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a electric motor is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a electric motor is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a electric motor, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a electric motor, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a electric motor is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a electric motor passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a electric motor between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a electric motor, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a electric motor, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a electric motor is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a electric motor, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a electric motor is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a electric motor, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a electric motor, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a electric motor is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "function-and-principle", "name": "Function and operating principle", "description": "What electric motor is for and how it achieves it.", "rationale": "Two devices with the same name can work on different principles, and the principle is what predicts failure and constrains use.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-function", "name": "Intended function", "description": "The job it does, and the jobs it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-record", "name": "Function, principle and variants", "description": "What it does, how, and which variants do it differently.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-record-q01", "text": "What function does electric motor perform, on what operating principle, and which variants differ in that principle?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "function-record-q02", "text": "What use falls outside the intended function but happens in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "capacity-and-rating", "name": "Capacity and rating", "description": "The numbers that say what it can do and where it stops.", "findings": [ { "id": "ratings", "name": "Ratings and their conditions", "description": "Rated capacity, power, throughput and the conditions each assumes.", "questions": [ { "id": "ratings-q01", "text": "What ratings characterise electric motor, in what units, and under what stated conditions?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "ratings-q02", "text": "What happens beyond the rating - degradation, refusal, damage - and how is that detected?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "operation-and-state", "name": "Operation, controls and state", "description": "How electric motor is operated and what state it is in right now.", "rationale": "An agent acting on a device needs its current state and the controls that change it, not just its specification.", "layers": [ { "id": "controls-and-modes", "name": "Controls and modes", "description": "What can be set, what that changes, and what is interlocked.", "findings": [ { "id": "control-surface", "name": "Control surface and interlocks", "description": "The settings available and the conditions that block them.", "questions": [ { "id": "control-surface-q01", "text": "What controls and modes does electric motor have, and what does each change?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "control-surface-q02", "text": "Which actions are interlocked or forbidden in which state, and what must be true before acting?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-maintenance", "name": "Condition and maintenance", "description": "Wear, service intervals, consumables and the line between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "service-record", "name": "Condition, service and consumables", "description": "What is consumed, what is serviced, and how condition is judged.", "questions": [ { "id": "service-record-q01", "text": "What consumables and service does electric motor need, at what interval, and on whose authority?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "service-record-q02", "text": "What evidence separates a unit that is working from one that is out of service?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "kind-model-unit", "name": "Kind, model and unit", "description": "Whether a claim about electric motor is about the kind, a product line, or one physical unit.", "rationale": "This is the boundary most often got wrong for made things, and getting it wrong mixes a catalogue entry with the machine in the yard.", "layers": [ { "id": "level-of-reference", "name": "Level of reference", "description": "The three levels and what belongs at each.", "findings": [ { "id": "level-rules", "name": "What belongs to kind, model and unit", "description": "Which properties are shared by all of them and which are not.", "questions": [ { "id": "level-rules-q01", "text": "Which facts about electric motor hold for every one of them, which for a model, and which only for one unit?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "level-rules-q02", "text": "What identifies an individual unit, and what should an agent do when it has only the kind?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "standards-and-conformity", "name": "Standards and conformity", "description": "The standards a working example must meet and who attests it.", "findings": [ { "id": "conformity", "name": "Standards, marks and attestation", "description": "Which standard applies, who certifies, and what the mark means.", "questions": [ { "id": "conformity-q01", "text": "Which standards govern electric motor, issued by whom, and what does conformity actually assert?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "conformity-q02", "text": "What may an agent conclude from a certification mark, and what may it not?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a electric motor came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a electric motor and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a electric motor, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a electric motor, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a electric motor is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a electric motor is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a electric motor, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a electric motor, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a electric motor is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }