{ "model": { "rank": 1111, "code": "thing-q7325", "model_id": "vr.tr.jewish-people", "name": "Jewish people", "purpose": "Let an agent describe the Jewish people respectfully and accurately, using community self-descriptions and sourced data, and avoiding stereotypes and antisemitic tropes.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Society, people and institutions", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "SOC", "domain": "SOC.ORG", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q7325/", "tier": 2, "score": 181, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "fundamentalist Jew", "convert to Judaism", "Nazirite", "French Jews", "Swiss Jews", "Gibraltarian people", "Jews in Europe", "British Jews", "Israeli Jews", "Syrian Jews", "population present - Czechoslovak citizens of Jewish nationality", "Jews and Christians", "Jewish historian", "French Jews in Israel", "evacuation of the Gibraltarian civilian population during World War II", "Iranian Jews in Israel", "Soviet Jews in Israel", "Haredi Jews in Israel", "Masortim", "Bulgarian Jews in Israel", "House of Israel", "court Jew", "Sephardim in Eastern Europe", "Georgian Jews", "Russian Jews", "religious Zionism", "Kahanism", "Constantinopolitan Karaites", "National camp", "Jewish LGBTQ+ people", "Palestinian Jews", "Jewish ethnic divisions", "Jew of color", "Belgian Jews", "Sephardi Jews", "Reform Jew", "Uzbek Jews", "Orthodox Jew", "Polish Jews", "European Jews" ], "aliasCount": 82, "merged": 82, "knownIn": 181, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q7325", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7325", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-11T07:52:46Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 1, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q7325", "registryId": "vr.tr.jewish-people", "name": "Jewish people", "version": "0.2.0-wave.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "SOC.ORG" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q7325/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.jewish-people", "name": "Jewish people", "purpose": "Let an agent describe the Jewish people respectfully and accurately, using community self-descriptions and sourced data, and avoiding stereotypes and antisemitic tropes.", "definition": "The Jewish people, an ethnoreligious group and nation originating in the ancient Israelites, with shared history, culture, languages and the religion of Judaism, living in Israel and in communities worldwide; identity may be religious, cultural or both.", "what_it_is_for": "Recognising a people with its own identity, history, religion and culture.", "affordances": [ "learn from community and scholarly sources", "understand diversity of communities and practice", "cite population data with sources and definitions", "recognise and report antisemitism" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Ethnoreligious people", "Diverse communities worldwide", "Religious and secular identities", "Long history of persecution including the Holocaust" ], "appearance": "Not defined by appearance; identity is self-defined, religious and cultural.", "visual_identification": [ "Self-identification", "Diverse communities such as Ashkenazi, Sephardi, Mizrahi and others", "Religious observance varies widely" ], "physical_properties": [ { "quantity": "population", "typical_range": "about 15-16 million", "unit": "people", "note": "estimates vary by definition and source" } ], "families_and_kinds": [ "Ashkenazi Jews", "Sephardi Jews", "Mizrahi Jews", "Beta Israel and other communities", "national communities such as French or Swiss Jews" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "ethnoreligious group", "why": "category" }, { "relation": "practises", "target": "Judaism", "why": "religion" }, { "relation": "speaks", "target": "Hebrew, Yiddish, Ladino and other languages", "why": "languages" }, { "relation": "is protected against", "target": "antisemitism", "why": "discrimination" } ], "identifiers": [ { "scheme": "Wikidata item", "value_or_pattern": "Q7325", "note": "cross-reference" } ], "standards_and_regulation": [ "Anti-discrimination and hate crime law", "Freedom of religion or belief (ICCPR Article 18)" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Stereotypes and antisemitic tropes", "Conflating the people with any government", "Unsourced population figures", "Presenting one community as the whole" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity", "name": "Identity", "description": "Who they are.", "rationale": "Identity is self-defined.", "layers": [ { "id": "self", "name": "Self-definition", "description": "Religious and cultural.", "findings": [ { "id": "self-finding", "name": "Self", "description": "Identity.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do community sources describe Jewish identity?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is identity religious, cultural or both for the people concerned?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "communities", "name": "Communities", "description": "Diversity.", "findings": [ { "id": "communities-finding", "name": "Communities", "description": "Communities.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which community traditions are meant?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Are differences acknowledged?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "history", "name": "History", "description": "Balanced account.", "rationale": "History needs scholarship.", "layers": [ { "id": "scholarship", "name": "Scholarship", "description": "Sources.", "findings": [ { "id": "scholarship-finding", "name": "Scholarship", "description": "History.", "questions": [ { "text": "What does reliable scholarship say about this period?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is the account balanced?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "holocaust", "name": "Holocaust", "description": "Remembrance.", "findings": [ { "id": "holocaust-finding", "name": "Holocaust", "description": "Holocaust remembrance.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which institutions document and teach the Holocaust?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is denial or distortion avoided?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "culture", "name": "Culture", "description": "Religion and languages.", "rationale": "Culture is diverse.", "layers": [ { "id": "religion", "name": "Religion", "description": "Judaism.", "findings": [ { "id": "religion-finding", "name": "Religion", "description": "Religious life.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which religious practices are observed, per community sources?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "How do movements differ?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "languages", "name": "Languages", "description": "Hebrew, Yiddish, Ladino.", "findings": [ { "id": "languages-finding", "name": "Languages", "description": "Languages.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which languages are used by the community?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Are heritage languages being revived?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "respect", "name": "Respect", "description": "Antisemitism.", "rationale": "Hate must be recognised.", "layers": [ { "id": "tropes", "name": "Tropes", "description": "Stereotypes.", "findings": [ { "id": "tropes-finding", "name": "Tropes", "description": "Avoiding tropes.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the content avoid antisemitic tropes and stereotypes?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "text": "Is criticism of a state kept distinct from the people?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "reporting", "name": "Reporting", "description": "Help.", "findings": [ { "id": "reporting-finding", "name": "Reporting", "description": "Reporting antisemitism.", "questions": [ { "text": "Where can antisemitic incidents be reported?", "kind": "action" }, { "text": "Which support organisations help?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should communities be separate entries?", "How should population definitions be recorded?", "How should antisemitism reporting routes be localised?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "organisation or institution", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a Jewish people, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent describe the Jewish people respectfully and accurately, using community self-descriptions and sourced data, and avoiding stereotypes and antisemitic tropes.", "characteristics": { "substance": "social", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "collective" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: fundamentalist Jew, convert to Judaism, Nazirite, French Jews, Swiss Jews, Gibraltarian people, Jews in Europe, British Jews, Israeli Jews, Syrian Jews, population present - Czechoslovak citizens of Jewish nationality, Jews and Christians.", "82 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 181 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a Jewish people, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "a social arrangement between people", "physicalCharacter": [ "Acts through people, and only through them.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. Recognised by name, register entry and the people acting in its name, and those change while it stays the same body." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "fundamentalist Jew", "convert to Judaism", "Nazirite", "French Jews", "Swiss Jews", "Gibraltarian people", "Jews in Europe", "British Jews", "Israeli Jews", "Syrian Jews", "population present - Czechoslovak citizens of Jewish nationality", "Jews and Christians" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 181 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 82 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one Jewish people from another, and a Jewish people from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a Jewish people, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a Jewish people, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a Jewish people is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a Jewish people, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a Jewish people, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a Jewish people is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a Jewish people sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a Jewish people, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a Jewish people, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a Jewish people is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a Jewish people from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a Jewish people, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a Jewish people, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a Jewish people is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a Jewish people passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a Jewish people between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a Jewish people, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a Jewish people, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a Jewish people is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a Jewish people, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a Jewish people is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a Jewish people, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a Jewish people, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a Jewish people is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "people-and-responsibility", "name": "People, roles and responsibility", "description": "Who stands in what relation to a Jewish people.", "rationale": "Social things are defined by the relations people hold to them, and those relations change without the thing changing.", "layers": [ { "id": "roles-and-parties", "name": "Roles and parties", "description": "The roles that exist around a Jewish people and who fills them.", "findings": [ { "id": "role-assignments", "name": "Role assignments and their validity", "description": "Who holds which role over a Jewish people, from when, and on whose authority.", "questions": [ { "id": "role-assignments-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a role over a Jewish people, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "role-assignments-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a role over a Jewish people, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "role-assignments-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a role over a Jewish people is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "ownership-and-accountability", "name": "Ownership and accountability", "description": "Who answers for a Jewish people and who may decide about it.", "findings": [ { "id": "accountability", "name": "Accountability and decision rights", "description": "Where responsibility for a Jewish people sits when something goes wrong.", "questions": [ { "id": "accountability-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes responsibility for a Jewish people, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "accountability-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about responsibility for a Jewish people, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "accountability-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once responsibility for a Jewish people is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "legal-identity", "name": "Legal identity and mandate", "description": "What Jewish people is in law and what it exists to do.", "rationale": "Legal identity survives changes of name, address, staff and premises, which is exactly why it must be recorded separately from all of them.", "layers": [ { "id": "registration", "name": "Legal form and registration", "description": "Form, register, identifiers and jurisdiction.", "findings": [ { "id": "registration-record", "name": "Registration and identifiers", "description": "What names this body unambiguously in law.", "questions": [ { "id": "registration-record-q01", "text": "What legal form does Jewish people take, in which register, under which identifier?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "registration-record-q02", "text": "What survives a rename, a merger or a move of premises, and what does not?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "mandate", "name": "Mandate and governing instrument", "description": "The purpose it is bound to and the document that binds it.", "findings": [ { "id": "mandate-record", "name": "Mandate and its source", "description": "What it may do, and the instrument that says so.", "questions": [ { "id": "mandate-record-q01", "text": "What is the mandate of Jewish people, and which founding or governing instrument grants it?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "mandate-record-q02", "text": "What lies outside the mandate, and what should an agent do when asked for it?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "governance-and-membership", "name": "Governance, membership and decision rights", "description": "Who decides in Jewish people and who belongs to it.", "rationale": "Authority inside an organisation is held by roles, not people, and an agent needs to know which role can commit it.", "layers": [ { "id": "decision-rights", "name": "Decision rights", "description": "Bodies, offices and what each may bind.", "findings": [ { "id": "authority-map", "name": "Who may bind the organisation", "description": "The offices that can commit it and their limits.", "questions": [ { "id": "authority-map-q01", "text": "Which bodies or offices of Jewish people may take which decisions, and up to what limit?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "authority-map-q02", "text": "What evidence shows that a given person currently holds that office?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "membership", "name": "Membership and affiliation", "description": "Who counts as part of it and on what terms.", "findings": [ { "id": "membership-rules", "name": "Membership and its evidence", "description": "Classes of member, how membership starts and ends.", "questions": [ { "id": "membership-rules-q01", "text": "What kinds of membership or affiliation does Jewish people have, and how does each begin and end?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "membership-rules-q02", "text": "What may a member do in its name, and what may they not?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a Jewish people came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a Jewish people and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a Jewish people, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a Jewish people, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a Jewish people is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a Jewish people is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a Jewish people, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a Jewish people, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a Jewish people is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }