{ "model": { "rank": 494, "code": "thing-q7411", "model_id": "vr.tr.dutch", "name": "Dutch", "purpose": "Let an agent handle the Dutch language: explain its varieties, grammar and spelling, support learning and translation, and give sourced information on where and how it is used.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Information and virtual systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "INF", "domain": "INF.MED", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q7411/", "tier": 2, "score": 257, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "Dutch Belgians", "Belgian Dutch", "Dutch language in the United States", "Dutch language in South Africa", "Dutch in Belgium", "Dutch language in Canada", "Dutch language in Germany", "Dutch language in the Netherlands", "Dutch language in France", "Dutch language in Indonesia", "Dutch language in Suriname", "Dutch language in Wallonia", "Indonesian Dutch", "Dutch dialects", "Bargoens", "Southern Dutch", "Northern Dutch", "Netherlands Dutch", "Aruban Dutch", "Curaçaoan Dutch", "Sint Maarten Dutch", "Modern Dutch", "Jersey Dutch", "Kennemerlands", "Scheveningen dialect", "Dutch language in Aruba, Curaçao and Saint Maarten", "Zeelandic", "Dunglish", "Limburgish-Dutch", "Standard Dutch", "Hollandic", "Brabantian", "Surinamese Dutch", "Sint Philipsland dialect", "Negerhollands", "Land van Cadzand dialect", "Zuid-Beveland dialect", "Walcheren dialect", "Land van Axel dialect", "Noord-Beveland dialect" ], "aliasCount": 60, "merged": 60, "knownIn": 257, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q7411", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7411", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-11T15:39:38Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 1, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q7411", "registryId": "vr.tr.dutch", "name": "Dutch", "version": "0.2.0-wave.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "INF.MED" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q7411/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.dutch", "name": "Dutch", "purpose": "Let an agent handle the Dutch language: explain its varieties, grammar and spelling, support learning and translation, and give sourced information on where and how it is used.", "definition": "A West Germanic language of the Low Franconian group spoken by about 25 million people as a first language in the Netherlands, Belgium (where it is called Flemish colloquially), Suriname and the Caribbean, with communities in South Africa, North America and elsewhere; it is the parent of Afrikaans and is regulated by the Dutch Language Union.", "what_it_is_for": "Communication in the Netherlands, Belgium, Suriname and diaspora communities.", "affordances": [ "explain Dutch grammar and spelling", "distinguish Netherlands and Belgian varieties", "support learning and translation", "find official language resources" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "West Germanic", "Official in several countries", "Standard varieties in the Netherlands and Belgium", "Regulated spelling" ], "appearance": "Not physical; a language in speech and text.", "visual_identification": [ "Latin script with digraphs such as ij", "Official spelling from the Dutch Language Union", "Afrikaans is a related but separate language" ], "physical_properties": [], "families_and_kinds": [ "Netherlandic Dutch", "Belgian Dutch (Flemish)", "Surinamese Dutch", "Dutch dialects", "diaspora varieties" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "Low Franconian", "why": "category" }, { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "Indo-European", "why": "language family" }, { "relation": "is the parent of", "target": "Afrikaans", "why": "daughter language" }, { "relation": "is related to", "target": "Papuan", "why": "other language grouping" } ], "identifiers": [ { "scheme": "ISO 639-1", "value_or_pattern": "nl", "note": "language code" }, { "scheme": "ISO 639-3", "value_or_pattern": "nld", "note": "language code" } ], "standards_and_regulation": [ "Dutch Language Union spelling rules", "Language laws in Belgium", "CEFR levels for language learning" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Treating Flemish as a separate language or as inferior", "Outdated spelling", "Confusing Dutch and Afrikaans" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "language", "name": "Language", "description": "Structure.", "rationale": "Grammar and spelling.", "layers": [ { "id": "grammar", "name": "Grammar", "description": "Key features.", "findings": [ { "id": "grammar-finding", "name": "Grammar", "description": "Grammar.", "questions": [ { "text": "How does this Dutch grammar point work, such as word order or de and het?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "What are common learner errors?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "spelling", "name": "Spelling", "description": "Official spelling.", "findings": [ { "id": "spelling-finding", "name": "Spelling", "description": "Spelling.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is the correct spelling under the current official rules?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "When did the rules last change?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "varieties", "name": "Varieties", "description": "Where it is spoken.", "rationale": "Varieties are equal.", "layers": [ { "id": "belgium", "name": "Belgium", "description": "Belgian Dutch.", "findings": [ { "id": "belgium-finding", "name": "Belgium", "description": "Belgian Dutch.", "questions": [ { "text": "How does Belgian Dutch differ from Netherlands Dutch in vocabulary and pronunciation?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Is Flemish described as a variety rather than a separate language?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "world", "name": "World", "description": "Global Dutch.", "findings": [ { "id": "world-finding", "name": "World", "description": "Global Dutch.", "questions": [ { "text": "Where else is Dutch spoken, such as Suriname, the Caribbean and diaspora communities?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "How does it relate to Afrikaans?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "learn", "name": "Learn", "description": "Learning and using.", "rationale": "Resources exist.", "layers": [ { "id": "resources", "name": "Resources", "description": "Learning Dutch.", "findings": [ { "id": "resources-finding", "name": "Resources", "description": "Learning.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which resources and courses suit this learner level?", "kind": "action" }, { "text": "Which exams certify Dutch?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "translate", "name": "Translate", "description": "Translation.", "findings": [ { "id": "translate-finding", "name": "Translate", "description": "Translation.", "questions": [ { "text": "How should this phrase be translated, considering regional variety?", "kind": "action" }, { "text": "Is a certified translation needed?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "status", "name": "Status", "description": "Official use.", "rationale": "Law and institutions.", "layers": [ { "id": "official", "name": "Official", "description": "Legal status.", "findings": [ { "id": "official-finding", "name": "Official", "description": "Legal status.", "questions": [ { "text": "Where is Dutch official, and which language laws apply?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which institution regulates it?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "history", "name": "History", "description": "Development.", "findings": [ { "id": "history-finding", "name": "History", "description": "History.", "questions": [ { "text": "How did Dutch develop, according to historical linguists?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which texts mark its history?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should Belgian Dutch be a separate entry?", "How should dialect resources be linked?", "How should learning resources be graded?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "work, medium or creative form", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a Dutch, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent handle the Dutch language: explain its varieties, grammar and spelling, support learning and translation, and give sourced information on where and how it is used.", "characteristics": { "substance": "information", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "read and interpreted", "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: Dutch Belgians, Belgian Dutch, Dutch language in the United States, Dutch language in South Africa, Dutch in Belgium, Dutch language in Canada, Dutch language in Germany, Dutch language in the Netherlands, Dutch language in France, Dutch language in Indonesia, Dutch language in Suriname, Dutch language in Wallonia.", "60 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 257 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a Dutch, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "content that has to be carried by something else", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "read it and act on what it says", "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "What is seen is a copy or a performance, not the work. Recognising the work means recognising the content through whatever is carrying it." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "Dutch Belgians", "Belgian Dutch", "Dutch language in the United States", "Dutch language in South Africa", "Dutch in Belgium", "Dutch language in Canada", "Dutch language in Germany", "Dutch language in the Netherlands", "Dutch language in France", "Dutch language in Indonesia", "Dutch language in Suriname", "Dutch language in Wallonia" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 257 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 60 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one Dutch from another, and a Dutch from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a Dutch, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a Dutch, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a Dutch is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a Dutch, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a Dutch, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a Dutch is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a Dutch sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a Dutch, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a Dutch, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a Dutch is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a Dutch from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a Dutch, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a Dutch, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a Dutch is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a Dutch passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a Dutch between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a Dutch, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a Dutch, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a Dutch is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a Dutch, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a Dutch is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a Dutch, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a Dutch, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a Dutch is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "content-and-access", "name": "Content, encoding and access", "description": "What a Dutch says, how it is encoded and who may read it.", "rationale": "An informational thing carries content that can be copied, versioned and withheld, none of which its physical carrier explains.", "layers": [ { "id": "content-and-encoding", "name": "Content and encoding", "description": "The content itself, its format and its language.", "findings": [ { "id": "content-and-format", "name": "Content, format and language", "description": "What a Dutch contains and in what form it is held.", "questions": [ { "id": "content-and-format-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the content of a Dutch, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "content-and-format-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the content of a Dutch, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "content-and-format-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the content of a Dutch is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "access-and-rights", "name": "Access, rights and retention", "description": "Who may read, copy or change it, and for how long it is kept.", "findings": [ { "id": "access-rules", "name": "Access rules and retention", "description": "The permissions attached to a Dutch and the period it survives.", "questions": [ { "id": "access-rules-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes access to a Dutch, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "access-rules-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about access to a Dutch, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "access-rules-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once access to a Dutch is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "work-and-manifestation", "name": "Work, version and copy", "description": "Which level of Dutch a statement is about.", "rationale": "The work, the edition, the file and the copy in hand are four things; rights and content attach to different ones.", "layers": [ { "id": "levels", "name": "Levels of the thing", "description": "Work, expression, manifestation and item, in plain terms.", "findings": [ { "id": "level-rules", "name": "What belongs at each level", "description": "Which facts hold for the work and which only for one copy.", "questions": [ { "id": "level-rules-q01", "text": "For Dutch, which facts belong to the work itself, which to a version, and which to a single copy?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "level-rules-q02", "text": "What identifier exists at each level, and which one is being cited?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "versions", "name": "Versions, editions and variants", "description": "How versions differ and which is canonical to whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "version-record", "name": "Versions and canonicity", "description": "Differences that matter and who calls one authoritative.", "questions": [ { "id": "version-record-q01", "text": "Which versions or editions of Dutch exist, and how do they differ substantively?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "version-record-q02", "text": "Who treats which version as authoritative, and for what purpose?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "authorship-and-rights", "name": "Authorship, rights and permitted use", "description": "Who made Dutch and what may be done with it.", "rationale": "Rights are jurisdictional, time-limited and attached to a level, and an agent that ignores that will copy what it may not.", "layers": [ { "id": "authorship", "name": "Authorship and contribution", "description": "Who contributed what, and in what capacity.", "findings": [ { "id": "contribution-record", "name": "Contributors and roles", "description": "The people and bodies behind it, with their roles.", "questions": [ { "id": "contribution-record-q01", "text": "Who authored or contributed to Dutch, in what roles, and how is that attested?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "contribution-record-q02", "text": "Where authorship is disputed or anonymous, what is recorded instead?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "rights", "name": "Rights and permissions", "description": "Which rights subsist, where, until when, and what they permit.", "findings": [ { "id": "rights-record", "name": "Rights, term and permitted acts", "description": "The regime in force and what it allows.", "questions": [ { "id": "rights-record-q01", "text": "What rights subsist in Dutch, in which jurisdictions, and until when?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "rights-record-q02", "text": "Which acts are permitted without further permission, and which must an agent refuse?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a Dutch came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a Dutch and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a Dutch, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a Dutch, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a Dutch is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a Dutch is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a Dutch, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a Dutch, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a Dutch is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }