{ "model": { "rank": 3210, "code": "thing-q745799", "model_id": "vr.tr.islamic-golden-age", "name": "Islamic Golden Age", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise, compare and assess uses of the Islamic Golden Age as a historical periodisation of intellectual and cultural activity, while preserving the evidence and boundaries behind each use.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Information and virtual systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "INF", "domain": "INF.KNW", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q745799/", "tier": 2, "score": 89, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [], "aliasCount": 0, "merged": 0, "knownIn": 89, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q745799", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745799", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T14:09:36Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 23.8, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07c32-a359-7561-a6a1-01410a99bc10\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: Islamic Golden Age\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: INF.KNW\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 546 things:\n# Batch 003: 10", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 88.4, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07c32-a370-7171-be23-5e6ce52ca4b2\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: Islamic Golden Age\nRegistry id: vr.tr.islamic-golden-age\nPlane / domain: INF / INF.KNW\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this en" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q745799", "registryId": "vr.tr.islamic-golden-age", "name": "Islamic Golden Age", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "INF.KNW" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q745799/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.islamic-golden-age", "name": "Islamic Golden Age", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise, compare and assess uses of the Islamic Golden Age as a historical periodisation of intellectual and cultural activity, while preserving the evidence and boundaries behind each use.", "definition": "The Islamic Golden Age is a retrospective designation for a period of flourishing scholarship, science, philosophy, medicine, literature and arts across societies under Muslim rule, conventionally centred on the eighth through thirteenth centuries but with disputed chronological and geographical boundaries.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the Islamic Golden Age as a contested historical and historiographic frame for knowledge production, circulation and patronage in societies associated with Islamic rule and culture; it does not treat the period as a discipline, a single polity or an achievement attributable to one religious community.", "in_scope": [ "Definitions of the period, including source-specific chronological and geographical boundaries", "Networks connecting scholars, patrons, translators, institutions and centres of learning", "Practices of translation, commentary, observation, calculation, experimentation and teaching", "Evidence for intellectual contributions and their transmission between languages and regions", "Historiographic uses of the golden-age label, including exclusions and decline narratives" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Islamic theology and religious practice considered independently of this historical frame", "Complete political histories of caliphates, dynasties and successor states", "Full biographies of individual scholars and patrons", "Full descriptions of individual manuscripts, instruments and architectural works", "The entire history of mathematics, medicine, astronomy or other participating disciplines", "Modern political or religious movements that invoke the period" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "The referent is a retrospectively bounded historical period, rather than a scholarly discipline or an institution.", "Its geographical extent must be established for each interpretation; it cannot be inferred from the borders of one caliphate.", "The label Islamic does not establish the religion, ethnicity or first language of an individual contributor.", "A translation movement can constitute part of the period's intellectual activity without defining the whole period.", "A proposed beginning, ending or decline must identify the region and activity affected rather than assume simultaneous change everywhere." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Periodisation convention", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Named author or scholarly tradition, stated definition and inclusion criteria", "why_it_matters": "Different uses of the same label may identify different historical objects." }, { "name": "Temporal bounds", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Start and end dates or ranges, calendar system, uncertainty and supporting source", "why_it_matters": "Prevents conventional dates from being mistaken for universally accepted historical boundaries." }, { "name": "Geographical coverage", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Included regions and centres, with time-dependent inclusion and evidence", "why_it_matters": "Supports regional comparison without treating Islamic societies as spatially uniform." }, { "name": "Intellectual activity", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Translation, commentary, synthesis, observation, calculation, experimentation, teaching or other evidenced practice", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes how knowledge was produced and used instead of recording only celebrated outcomes." }, { "name": "Linguistic transmission", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Source language, intermediary language, target language, work or practice, agents and dates where evidenced", "why_it_matters": "Makes transmission pathways explicit and avoids equating language with communal identity." }, { "name": "Support arrangement", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Patron or supporting body, recipient, resources, venue and duration where known", "why_it_matters": "Connects intellectual activity to the conditions that sustained it." }, { "name": "Claim assessment", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Unassessed, supported within stated scope, disputed, insufficiently evidenced or contradicted", "why_it_matters": "Allows an agent to qualify claims about achievements, institutions and historical turning points." }, { "name": "Continuity across a proposed boundary", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Continuation, relocation, transformation, interruption, cessation or unresolved, by region and activity", "why_it_matters": "Tests whether an asserted ending describes the evidence at the relevant scale." } ], "affordances": [ "Compare competing definitions of the Islamic Golden Age and expose incompatible boundaries.", "Assess whether a scholar, work, institution or activity belongs within a specified interpretation of the period.", "Trace evidenced routes of translation, adaptation and intellectual transmission.", "Evaluate achievement and priority claims against dated evidence and alternative attributions.", "Test proposed decline narratives against regional and disciplinary continuities.", "Produce qualified summaries that identify contributors, evidential limits and unresolved disputes." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "periodisation-and-coverage", "name": "Periodisation and coverage", "description": "Defines which historical activities a particular use of Islamic Golden Age includes.", "rationale": "The period cannot be recognised reliably through its label alone because its dates, geography and criteria vary.", "layers": [ { "id": "chronological-conventions", "name": "Chronological conventions", "description": "Records the reasoning behind proposed beginnings and endings.", "findings": [ { "id": "source-bound-period-limits", "name": "Source-bound period limits", "description": "Record each proposed interval as an attributed interpretation with explicit historical criteria.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which source defines this interval, and what developments does it use to justify the beginning and ending?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "source-bound-period-limits-q01" }, { "text": "Do these boundaries apply to all included regions and fields, or only to a specified subset?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "source-bound-period-limits-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "geographical-and-cultural-reach", "name": "Geographical and cultural reach", "description": "Separates political jurisdiction, cultural participation and intellectual connectivity.", "findings": [ { "id": "criteria-for-regional-inclusion", "name": "Criteria for regional inclusion", "description": "Record why a centre or region belongs in the selected frame, including changes in its participation over time.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does inclusion depend on Islamic rule, scholarly language, patronage, intellectual exchange or another stated criterion?", "kind": "definition", "id": "criteria-for-regional-inclusion-q01" }, { "text": "How does the interpretation handle centres in al-Andalus, North Africa, the Middle East and Central Asia without assuming identical trajectories?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "criteria-for-regional-inclusion-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "contributors-and-support", "name": "Contributors and support", "description": "Connects intellectual activity to participating communities and the arrangements that sustained their work.", "rationale": "The civilisational label can obscure both the diversity of contributors and the specific conditions supporting scholarship.", "layers": [ { "id": "scholarly-participation", "name": "Scholarly participation", "description": "Identifies contributors through evidenced roles and affiliations.", "findings": [ { "id": "roles-without-identity-conflation", "name": "Roles without identity conflation", "description": "Distinguish translators, authors, teachers, practitioners and patrons while recording communal identities only when supported and relevant.", "questions": [ { "text": "What evidence identifies a contributor's role, working languages and relevant affiliations?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "roles-without-identity-conflation-q01" }, { "text": "Is an attribution to Islamic civilisation being incorrectly converted into a claim that the contributor was Muslim or Arab?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "roles-without-identity-conflation-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "patronage-and-learning-venues", "name": "Patronage and learning venues", "description": "Examines support provided through courts, households, libraries, hospitals, observatories and teaching settings where evidenced.", "findings": [ { "id": "documented-support-functions", "name": "Documented support functions", "description": "Record what a supporting arrangement demonstrably enabled, without assuming that a familiar institutional name establishes its functions.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which sources establish the personnel, resources and activities of the institution or patronage arrangement?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "documented-support-functions-q01" }, { "text": "For claims about Baghdad's Bayt al-Hikma, which functions are directly evidenced and which are later reconstructions?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "documented-support-functions-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "knowledge-production-and-transformation", "name": "Knowledge production and transformation", "description": "Distinguishes acquiring and translating knowledge from revising, extending and applying it.", "rationale": "An adequate model must assess both transmission and intellectual transformation without reducing the period to preservation or celebrating unsupported novelty.", "layers": [ { "id": "translation-and-adaptation", "name": "Translation and adaptation", "description": "Tracks the textual and linguistic pathways through which knowledge became available for further work.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidenced-translation-pathways", "name": "Evidenced translation pathways", "description": "Record source traditions, intermediary versions, translators and substantive adaptations for each claimed pathway.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which surviving texts or historical accounts support the proposed route between Greek, Syriac, Persian, Sanskrit, Arabic or other relevant languages?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "evidenced-translation-pathways-q01" }, { "text": "What identifies the result as a translation, revision, commentary, compilation or substantially new work?", "kind": "definition", "id": "evidenced-translation-pathways-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "methods-and-contributions", "name": "Methods and contributions", "description": "Assesses specific intellectual changes within their historical practices and disciplinary contexts.", "findings": [ { "id": "bounded-achievement-claims", "name": "Bounded achievement claims", "description": "Record the precise contribution claimed in areas such as algebra, optics, astronomy or medicine, together with predecessors and evidential limits.", "questions": [ { "text": "What passage, calculation, observation, instrument or procedure demonstrates the claimed contribution?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "bounded-achievement-claims-q01" }, { "text": "Does a claim of invention or priority distinguish earliest surviving evidence from earliest historical occurrence?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "bounded-achievement-claims-q02" }, { "text": "What qualification should an agent attach if the evidence supports refinement or synthesis but does not establish priority?", "kind": "action", "id": "bounded-achievement-claims-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "circulation-and-continuity", "name": "Circulation and continuity", "description": "Follows the movement and persistence of knowledge within and beyond the proposed period.", "rationale": "Intellectual networks and later uses need their own evidence; they cannot be inferred from shared ideas or a conventional ending date.", "layers": [ { "id": "transregional-reception", "name": "Transregional reception", "description": "Separates demonstrable reception from general resemblance or retrospective influence claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "traceable-reception-links", "name": "Traceable reception links", "description": "Record manuscripts, translations, citations, teaching connections and adaptations that establish a particular transmission.", "questions": [ { "text": "What evidence connects a particular work or practice to its reception in another region or linguistic community?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "traceable-reception-links-q01" }, { "text": "Does the evidence establish access, explicit use, substantive adaptation or only a possible connection?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "traceable-reception-links-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "change-across-proposed-endings", "name": "Change across proposed endings", "description": "Tests interruptions and continuities at the scale of particular centres and activities.", "findings": [ { "id": "regional-tests-of-decline", "name": "Regional tests of decline", "description": "Assess claims of decline through specified indicators and evidence of continuation, movement or transformation.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which comparable indicators support a change in intellectual activity, and how does uneven survival of evidence affect them?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "regional-tests-of-decline-q01" }, { "text": "When the sack of Baghdad in 1258 is proposed as an ending, which activities and regions demonstrably ceased, continued or relocated?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "regional-tests-of-decline-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "historiography-and-evidence", "name": "Historiography and evidence", "description": "Makes the construction of the golden-age narrative and the strength of its supporting evidence inspectable.", "rationale": "The model must help an agent judge a retrospective interpretive frame as well as the historical activity it describes.", "layers": [ { "id": "golden-age-framing", "name": "Golden-age framing", "description": "Examines the standards of achievement and selection implicit in the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "narrative-selection-criteria", "name": "Narrative selection criteria", "description": "Record what an account celebrates, its comparison baseline and the people or activities its framing leaves less visible.", "questions": [ { "text": "What does this author mean by golden, and against which earlier, later or contemporary conditions is that judgement made?", "kind": "definition", "id": "narrative-selection-criteria-q01" }, { "text": "Does the account privilege celebrated court scholars and surviving elite texts over other participants or forms of knowledge?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "narrative-selection-criteria-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "claim-verification", "name": "Claim verification", "description": "Connects substantive claims to inspected evidence and records disagreement.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-status-and-qualified-use", "name": "Evidence status and qualified use", "description": "Distinguish primary testimony, surviving artefacts, scholarly reconstruction and popular repetition before an agent reuses a claim.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which inspected source supports the precise claim, and how close is that evidence to the event or activity described?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "evidence-status-and-qualified-use-q01" }, { "text": "Should the agent retain, qualify, omit or seek further evidence for the claim given its source quality and scholarly disagreement?", "kind": "action", "id": "evidence-status-and-qualified-use-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "The registry domain INF.KNW should not obscure that this name denotes a historical period, not a field of knowledge.", "Check the chronological convention required: eighth to thirteenth centuries is common, but some accounts extend the period substantially later.", "The label's usefulness and implications are contested; regional and disciplinary histories provide more precise boundaries." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of Islamic Golden Age this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Organising historical teaching and museum interpretation of medieval intellectual and artistic activity in societies under Muslim rule.", "Studying the translation, criticism and development of Greek, Persian and Indian learning.", "Tracing the circulation of knowledge between the Islamic world, Latin Europe and other regions." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of Islamic Golden Age this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Treating a retrospective period label as a uniform condition across all regions and fields.", "Assuming all participants were Muslim or Arab, overlooking contributors from other religious and linguistic communities.", "Presenting scholars solely as transmitters of ancient learning and overlooking original developments.", "Treating the Mongol conquest of Baghdad in 1258 as the universal end of intellectual production.", "Using the word 'golden' to imply an uncontested narrative of subsequent decline." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of Islamic Golden Age this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Baghdad and other centres in Iraq were prominent in Abbasid patronage, translation and scholarship.", "Al-Andalus and the Maghreb had distinctive intellectual networks and chronologies that do not map neatly onto Baghdad's history.", "Iran and Central Asia sustained important scholarly traditions, including developments extending beyond the conventional thirteenth-century endpoint." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of Islamic Golden Age this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Abbasid Caliphate", "difference": "A historical political institution and dynasty; the Islamic Golden Age is an interpretive period extending across multiple polities." }, { "name": "History of science in the Islamic world", "difference": "A subject of historical investigation covering science across a wider chronology; the Islamic Golden Age also encompasses literature, philosophy and the arts." }, { "name": "Islamic civilisation", "difference": "A broader designation for societies and cultural traditions associated with Islam, not restricted to a proposed period of flourishing." }, { "name": "Islamic studies", "difference": "A field of study whose subjects include Islam and Muslim societies; the Islamic Golden Age is one historical subject rather than a discipline." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of Islamic Golden Age this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Which scholarly periodisation should supply the default boundaries, and which competing regional or disciplinary chronologies must accompany it?", "How broadly should this registry entry include literature, philosophy, religious scholarship and the arts alongside scientific and technical knowledge?", "What can inspected primary evidence and specialist research establish about the functions and historical importance of Bayt al-Hikma?", "Which proposed achievement, priority and transmission claims remain supported after checking manuscript dating, attribution and alternative explanations?", "Which evidence can distinguish regional interruption or relocation from a broader decline without mistaking gaps in preservation for gaps in intellectual activity?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 15, "questions": 26 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "discipline or field of knowledge", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a Islamic Golden Age, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an agent to recognise, compare and assess uses of the Islamic Golden Age as a historical periodisation of intellectual and cultural activity, while preserving the evidence and boundaries behind each use.", "characteristics": { "substance": "information", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "read and interpreted" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Described in 89 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a Islamic Golden Age, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "content that has to be carried by something else", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "read it and act on what it says" ], "howItIsRecognised": [], "relatedModels": [], "standing": "Described in 89 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one Islamic Golden Age from another, and a Islamic Golden Age from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a Islamic Golden Age, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a Islamic Golden Age, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a Islamic Golden Age is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a Islamic Golden Age, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a Islamic Golden Age, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a Islamic Golden Age is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a Islamic Golden Age sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a Islamic Golden Age, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a Islamic Golden Age, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a Islamic Golden Age is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a Islamic Golden Age from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a Islamic Golden Age, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a Islamic Golden Age, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a Islamic Golden Age is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a Islamic Golden Age passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a Islamic Golden Age between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a Islamic Golden Age, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a Islamic Golden Age, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a Islamic Golden Age is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a Islamic Golden Age, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a Islamic Golden Age is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a Islamic Golden Age, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a Islamic Golden Age, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a Islamic Golden Age is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "content-and-access", "name": "Content, encoding and access", "description": "What a Islamic Golden Age says, how it is encoded and who may read it.", "rationale": "An informational thing carries content that can be copied, versioned and withheld, none of which its physical carrier explains.", "layers": [ { "id": "content-and-encoding", "name": "Content and encoding", "description": "The content itself, its format and its language.", "findings": [ { "id": "content-and-format", "name": "Content, format and language", "description": "What a Islamic Golden Age contains and in what form it is held.", "questions": [ { "id": "content-and-format-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the content of a Islamic Golden Age, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "content-and-format-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the content of a Islamic Golden Age, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "content-and-format-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the content of a Islamic Golden Age is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "access-and-rights", "name": "Access, rights and retention", "description": "Who may read, copy or change it, and for how long it is kept.", "findings": [ { "id": "access-rules", "name": "Access rules and retention", "description": "The permissions attached to a Islamic Golden Age and the period it survives.", "questions": [ { "id": "access-rules-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes access to a Islamic Golden Age, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "access-rules-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about access to a Islamic Golden Age, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "access-rules-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once access to a Islamic Golden Age is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "subject-and-method", "name": "Subject matter and method", "description": "What Islamic Golden Age studies and how it establishes anything.", "rationale": "A field is identified by its questions and its methods, and those are what distinguish it from the fields next to it.", "layers": [ { "id": "subject", "name": "Subject matter", "description": "The questions it takes as its own.", "findings": [ { "id": "subject-record", "name": "Questions and objects of study", "description": "What it is about, stated so a neighbouring field can be told apart.", "questions": [ { "id": "subject-record-q01", "text": "What questions and objects does Islamic Golden Age take as its own?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "subject-record-q02", "text": "Which questions does it share with a neighbouring field, and who claims them?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "method", "name": "Method and evidence", "description": "How claims are established and what counts as evidence.", "findings": [ { "id": "method-record", "name": "Methods and standards of evidence", "description": "The methods used and what they are taken to establish.", "questions": [ { "id": "method-record-q01", "text": "By what methods does Islamic Golden Age establish claims, and what counts as sufficient evidence?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "method-record-q02", "text": "What kind of claim can this field not settle, and where should an agent look instead?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "institutions-and-classification", "name": "Institutions and classification", "description": "Where Islamic Golden Age is practised and how catalogues place it.", "rationale": "The institutional footprint is the evidence that a field exists as a field rather than as a topic.", "layers": [ { "id": "institutions", "name": "Institutional markers", "description": "Societies, journals, degrees and departments.", "findings": [ { "id": "institution-record", "name": "Bodies and venues", "description": "Where the field organises itself.", "questions": [ { "id": "institution-record-q01", "text": "Which societies, journals or degrees mark Islamic Golden Age as an established field?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "institution-record-q02", "text": "What would show that it is emerging or dissolving rather than established?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification", "name": "Classification schemes", "description": "Where library and research classifications put it.", "findings": [ { "id": "classification-record", "name": "Codes and their disagreements", "description": "The classification codes that place it, and where they differ.", "questions": [ { "id": "classification-record-q01", "text": "Which classification schemes place Islamic Golden Age, under what codes?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "classification-record-q02", "text": "Where do those schemes disagree about its scope?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a Islamic Golden Age came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a Islamic Golden Age and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a Islamic Golden Age, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a Islamic Golden Age, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a Islamic Golden Age is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a Islamic Golden Age is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a Islamic Golden Age, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a Islamic Golden Age, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a Islamic Golden Age is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }