{ "model": { "rank": 11483, "code": "thing-q747713", "model_id": "vr.tr.refrigeration", "name": "refrigeration", "purpose": "Let an agent handle refrigeration by technology, food safety temperatures, refrigerant regulation, energy use and safety.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Activities and processes", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "ACT", "domain": "ACT.PRC", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q747713/", "tier": 2, "score": 42, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "cool warehouse", "3He-4He dilution refrigerator", "laser cooling", "ceiling cooling", "top cooling", "summer night ventilation", "cooling of high local heat loads", "thermosiphon cooling", "adsorption refrigeration", "cooling bath", "magnetic refrigeration", "Sisyphus cooling", "Gray molasses", "Raman cooling", "Resolved sideband cooling", "Doppler cooling", "solar powered adsorption refrigeration system" ], "aliasCount": 17, "merged": 17, "knownIn": 42, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q747713", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747713", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-11T11:51:59Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 1, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q747713", "registryId": "vr.tr.refrigeration", "name": "refrigeration", "version": "0.2.0-wave.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "ACT.PRC" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q747713/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.refrigeration", "name": "refrigeration", "purpose": "Let an agent handle refrigeration by technology, food safety temperatures, refrigerant regulation, energy use and safety.", "definition": "The process of removing heat from a space or substance to lower its temperature, used in refrigerators, freezers, cold storage, air conditioning and cryogenics, usually via vapour-compression cycles with refrigerants.", "what_it_is_for": "Food preservation, medicines, comfort cooling and industry.", "affordances": [ "explain refrigeration cycles", "keep food and medicines at safe temperatures", "understand refrigerant rules and leaks", "improve energy efficiency" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Moves heat against a gradient", "Uses refrigerants", "Energy-intensive", "Critical for food safety" ], "appearance": "Fridges, freezers, cold rooms, compressors and cooling units.", "visual_identification": [ "Compressors, condensers and evaporators", "Temperature displays", "Ventilation moves air without cooling it below ambient" ], "physical_properties": [ { "quantity": "typical fridge temperature", "typical_range": "about 0-5", "unit": "degC", "note": "food safety guidance" }, { "quantity": "typical freezer temperature", "typical_range": "about -18", "unit": "degC", "note": "" } ], "families_and_kinds": [ "domestic refrigeration", "commercial cold storage", "air conditioning", "transport refrigeration", "cryogenic cooling" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "cooling process", "why": "category" }, { "relation": "uses", "target": "thermodynamic cycle", "why": "principle" }, { "relation": "uses", "target": "refrigerant", "why": "working fluid" }, { "relation": "is related to", "target": "heat pump", "why": "related technology" } ], "identifiers": [], "standards_and_regulation": [ "EU F-gas Regulation", "Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol", "Food hygiene temperature rules" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Food spoilage from warm fridges", "Refrigerant leaks and flammable refrigerants", "Children trapped in old appliances" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "principle", "name": "Principle", "description": "How it works.", "rationale": "Cycles move heat.", "layers": [ { "id": "cycle", "name": "Cycle", "description": "Vapour compression.", "findings": [ { "id": "cycle-finding", "name": "Cycle", "description": "Refrigeration cycle.", "questions": [ { "text": "How does the vapour-compression cycle remove heat?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "What does each component do?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "refrigerant", "name": "Refrigerant", "description": "Working fluid.", "findings": [ { "id": "refrigerant-finding", "name": "Refrigerant", "description": "Refrigerant.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which refrigerant does the system use, and what is its global warming potential?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is it flammable?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "food", "name": "Food", "description": "Cold chain.", "rationale": "Temperatures keep food safe.", "layers": [ { "id": "temperatures", "name": "Temperatures", "description": "Safe ranges.", "findings": [ { "id": "temperatures-finding", "name": "Temperatures", "description": "Safe temperatures.", "questions": [ { "text": "What fridge and freezer temperatures do food safety authorities recommend?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "How can they be checked?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "outage", "name": "Outage", "description": "Power cuts.", "findings": [ { "id": "outage-finding", "name": "Outage", "description": "Power cuts.", "questions": [ { "text": "How long is food safe in a fridge or freezer during a power cut?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "What should be discarded?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "regulation", "name": "Regulation", "description": "Refrigerants.", "rationale": "Rules phase down harmful gases.", "layers": [ { "id": "fgas", "name": "F-gas", "description": "Rules.", "findings": [ { "id": "fgas-finding", "name": "F-gas", "description": "F-gas rules.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which F-gas rules apply to this equipment?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Must a certified technician handle it?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "disposal", "name": "Disposal", "description": "Old appliances.", "findings": [ { "id": "disposal-finding", "name": "Disposal", "description": "Disposal.", "questions": [ { "text": "How should an old fridge be disposed of safely?", "kind": "action" }, { "text": "Should doors be removed or secured to protect children?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "efficiency", "name": "Efficiency", "description": "Energy.", "rationale": "Efficiency saves energy.", "layers": [ { "id": "label", "name": "Label", "description": "Energy rating.", "findings": [ { "id": "label-finding", "name": "Label", "description": "Energy rating.", "questions": [ { "text": "What energy rating does the appliance have?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "What is its annual consumption?", "kind": "measurement" } ] } ] }, { "id": "tips", "name": "Tips", "description": "Use.", "findings": [ { "id": "tips-finding", "name": "Tips", "description": "Efficient use.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which practices reduce energy use, such as defrosting and seals?", "kind": "action" }, { "text": "Which sources recommend them?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should refrigeration types be separate entries?", "How should refrigerant data be linked?", "How should cold chain rules be linked?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a refrigeration, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent handle refrigeration by technology, food safety temperatures, refrigerant regulation, energy use and safety.", "characteristics": { "substance": "activity", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: cool warehouse, 3He-4He dilution refrigerator, laser cooling, ceiling cooling, top cooling, summer night ventilation, cooling of high local heat loads, thermosiphon cooling, adsorption refrigeration, cooling bath, magnetic refrigeration, Sisyphus cooling.", "17 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 42 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a refrigeration, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "something that happens over time", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "cool warehouse", "3He-4He dilution refrigerator", "laser cooling", "ceiling cooling", "top cooling", "summer night ventilation", "cooling of high local heat loads", "thermosiphon cooling", "adsorption refrigeration", "cooling bath", "magnetic refrigeration", "Sisyphus cooling" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 42 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 17 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one refrigeration from another, and a refrigeration from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a refrigeration, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a refrigeration, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a refrigeration is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a refrigeration, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a refrigeration, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a refrigeration is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a refrigeration sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a refrigeration, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a refrigeration, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a refrigeration is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a refrigeration from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a refrigeration, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a refrigeration, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a refrigeration is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a refrigeration passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a refrigeration between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a refrigeration, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a refrigeration, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a refrigeration is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a refrigeration, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a refrigeration is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a refrigeration, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a refrigeration, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a refrigeration is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "process-and-outcome", "name": "Process, inputs and outcome", "description": "How a refrigeration proceeds, what it needs and what it leaves behind.", "rationale": "An activity is known by its steps and its results, and both have to be recordable while it is still running.", "layers": [ { "id": "steps-and-sequence", "name": "Steps and sequence", "description": "The steps of a refrigeration, their order and what may run in parallel.", "findings": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions", "name": "Steps, preconditions and completion", "description": "What has to be true before each step of a refrigeration and what marks it done.", "questions": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a step of a refrigeration, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a step of a refrigeration, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a step of a refrigeration is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-results", "name": "Inputs, resources and results", "description": "What a refrigeration consumes and what it produces.", "findings": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs", "name": "Inputs, outputs and side effects", "description": "The resources a refrigeration takes and the results it leaves, wanted or not.", "questions": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the inputs and results of a refrigeration, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the inputs and results of a refrigeration, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the inputs and results of a refrigeration is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What refrigeration is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of refrigeration are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is refrigeration operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of refrigeration and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of refrigeration?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as refrigeration?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a refrigeration came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a refrigeration and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a refrigeration, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a refrigeration, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a refrigeration is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a refrigeration is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a refrigeration, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a refrigeration, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a refrigeration is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }