{ "model": { "rank": 563, "code": "thing-q7944", "model_id": "vr.tr.earthquake", "name": "earthquake", "purpose": "Let an agent handle earthquakes safety-first: give protective actions and tsunami warnings, route people to emergency services and official sources, then explain causes, measurement and preparedness.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Activities and processes", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "ACT", "domain": "ACT.ACT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q7944/", "tier": 2, "score": 236, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "foreshock", "EMS intensity XI earthquake", "earthquake in Japan", "earthquake in Vanuatu", "low-frequency earthquake", "interplate earthquake", "earthquake doublet", "earthquake sequence", "paleoearthquake", "Iturup earthquake", "mainshock", "Shikotan earthquake", "multi-segment earthquake", "Earthquakes in Korea", "EMS intensity I earthquake", "EMS intensity II earthquake", "EMS intensity III earthquake", "EMS intensity IV earthquake", "EMS intensity V earthquake", "EMS intensity VI earthquake", "EMS intensity VII earthquake", "EMS intensity VIII earthquake", "EMS intensity IX earthquake", "EMS intensity X earthquake", "EMS intensity XII earthquake", "microseism", "Kuril Islands earthquake", "urban earthquake", "induced seismicity", "earthquake rupture", "deep-focus earthquake", "earthquake in New Zealand", "starquake", "intraplate earthquake", "submarine earthquake", "aftershock", "intermediate-depth earthquake", "shallow-focus earthquake", "volcano tectonic earthquake", "cryoseism" ], "aliasCount": 69, "merged": 70, "knownIn": 236, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": "vr.tr.earthquake", "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q7944", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7944", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-11T13:11:21Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 1, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q7944", "registryId": "vr.tr.earthquake", "name": "earthquake", "version": "0.2.0-wave.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "ACT.ACT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q7944/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.earthquake", "name": "earthquake", "purpose": "Let an agent handle earthquakes safety-first: give protective actions and tsunami warnings, route people to emergency services and official sources, then explain causes, measurement and preparedness.", "definition": "A sudden shaking of the ground caused by the release of energy in the Earth crust, usually by slip on a fault, measured by magnitude such as moment magnitude and by intensity scales such as EMS-98 or Modified Mercalli; earthquakes can trigger tsunamis, landslides and fires.", "what_it_is_for": "A natural hazard and geological process.", "affordances": [ "give protective actions during shaking", "find official earthquake and tsunami information", "explain magnitude and intensity", "prepare homes and families" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Sudden fault slip", "Measured by magnitude and intensity", "Often followed by aftershocks", "Cannot be predicted precisely" ], "appearance": "Ground shaking, damaged buildings, cracks and landslides; recorded on seismograms.", "visual_identification": [ "Seismograms and shake maps", "Aftershock sequences", "Explosions and quarry blasts can mimic small quakes" ], "physical_properties": [], "families_and_kinds": [ "interplate and intraplate earthquakes", "foreshocks, mainshocks and aftershocks", "deep and shallow earthquakes", "induced earthquakes", "low-frequency and slow earthquakes" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "geologic activity", "why": "category" }, { "relation": "is caused by", "target": "fault slip", "why": "cause" }, { "relation": "can trigger", "target": "tsunami", "why": "secondary hazard" }, { "relation": "is measured by", "target": "seismometer", "why": "instrument" } ], "identifiers": [], "standards_and_regulation": [ "Seismic building codes such as Eurocode 8", "National civil protection law", "Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Building collapse and falling objects", "Tsunamis after coastal quakes", "False earthquake predictions and rumours" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "during", "name": "During", "description": "Shaking now.", "rationale": "Safety comes first.", "layers": [ { "id": "protect", "name": "Protect", "description": "Protective action.", "findings": [ { "id": "protect-finding", "name": "Protect", "description": "Protective action.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is the ground shaking now?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "text": "Should the person drop, take cover under sturdy furniture and hold on, staying away from windows?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "tsunami", "name": "Tsunami", "description": "Coastal warning.", "findings": [ { "id": "tsunami-finding", "name": "Tsunami", "description": "Tsunami warning.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is the person on a coast after strong or long shaking, or is a tsunami warning in force?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "text": "Should they move to high ground or inland immediately?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "after", "name": "After", "description": "After shaking.", "rationale": "Hazards remain.", "layers": [ { "id": "check", "name": "Check", "description": "Injuries and hazards.", "findings": [ { "id": "check-finding", "name": "Check", "description": "After the quake.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is anyone injured or trapped, or is there a smell of gas?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "text": "Should emergency services be called and the building left if unsafe?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "official", "name": "Official", "description": "Official information.", "findings": [ { "id": "official-finding", "name": "Official", "description": "Official information.", "questions": [ { "text": "What do official seismological agencies report about this earthquake?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Are aftershock forecasts available?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "science", "name": "Science", "description": "Measurement.", "rationale": "Numbers need context.", "layers": [ { "id": "magnitude", "name": "Magnitude", "description": "Size.", "findings": [ { "id": "magnitude-finding", "name": "Magnitude", "description": "Magnitude.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is the magnitude, and how does it differ from intensity?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "text": "Which agency measured it?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "prediction", "name": "Prediction", "description": "Forecasting limits.", "findings": [ { "id": "prediction-finding", "name": "Prediction", "description": "Prediction limits.", "questions": [ { "text": "Can earthquakes be predicted, according to seismologists?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "How should rumours of predictions be handled?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "prepare", "name": "Prepare", "description": "Preparedness.", "rationale": "Preparation reduces harm.", "layers": [ { "id": "home", "name": "Home", "description": "Home preparation.", "findings": [ { "id": "home-finding", "name": "Home", "description": "Home preparation.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which home preparations do civil protection authorities recommend?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "How should furniture be secured?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "buildings", "name": "Buildings", "description": "Seismic codes.", "findings": [ { "id": "buildings-finding", "name": "Buildings", "description": "Seismic safety of buildings.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which seismic code applies here, and is this building assessed?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Who can carry out an assessment?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should notable earthquakes be separate entries?", "How should official feeds be linked?", "How should induced seismicity be linked?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a earthquake, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent handle earthquakes safety-first: give protective actions and tsunami warnings, route people to emergency services and official sources, then explain causes, measurement and preparedness.", "characteristics": { "substance": "activity", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: foreshock, EMS intensity XI earthquake, earthquake in Japan, earthquake in Vanuatu, low-frequency earthquake, interplate earthquake, earthquake doublet, earthquake sequence, paleoearthquake, Iturup earthquake, mainshock, Shikotan earthquake.", "70 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 236 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a earthquake, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "something that happens over time", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "foreshock", "EMS intensity XI earthquake", "earthquake in Japan", "earthquake in Vanuatu", "low-frequency earthquake", "interplate earthquake", "earthquake doublet", "earthquake sequence", "paleoearthquake", "Iturup earthquake", "mainshock", "Shikotan earthquake" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 236 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 70 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one earthquake from another, and a earthquake from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a earthquake, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a earthquake, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a earthquake is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a earthquake, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a earthquake, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a earthquake is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a earthquake sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a earthquake, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a earthquake, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a earthquake is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a earthquake from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a earthquake, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a earthquake, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a earthquake is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a earthquake passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a earthquake between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a earthquake, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a earthquake, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a earthquake is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a earthquake, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a earthquake is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a earthquake, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a earthquake, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a earthquake is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "process-and-outcome", "name": "Process, inputs and outcome", "description": "How a earthquake proceeds, what it needs and what it leaves behind.", "rationale": "An activity is known by its steps and its results, and both have to be recordable while it is still running.", "layers": [ { "id": "steps-and-sequence", "name": "Steps and sequence", "description": "The steps of a earthquake, their order and what may run in parallel.", "findings": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions", "name": "Steps, preconditions and completion", "description": "What has to be true before each step of a earthquake and what marks it done.", "questions": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a step of a earthquake, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a step of a earthquake, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a step of a earthquake is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-results", "name": "Inputs, resources and results", "description": "What a earthquake consumes and what it produces.", "findings": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs", "name": "Inputs, outputs and side effects", "description": "The resources a earthquake takes and the results it leaves, wanted or not.", "questions": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the inputs and results of a earthquake, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the inputs and results of a earthquake, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the inputs and results of a earthquake is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What earthquake is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of earthquake are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is earthquake operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of earthquake and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of earthquake?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as earthquake?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a earthquake came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a earthquake and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a earthquake, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a earthquake, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a earthquake is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a earthquake is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a earthquake, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a earthquake, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a earthquake is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }