cyclone
Let an agent explain cyclones and their kinds, relay formation, forecasting and hazards from meteorological sources, distinguish tropical from extratropical cyclones and from tornadoes, and route warnings to official services.
Research draft, second pass
A second pass drafted this model: the structure a model of this thing needs, and what is known about it in the world. The line under this one says how the second half was obtained - researched against sources, or recalled without web access, in which case nothing here was read anywhere and every claim is a lead to verify. Unreviewed either way.
written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify
Researched by: Claude
Purpose and description
Let an agent explain cyclones and their kinds, relay formation, forecasting and hazards from meteorological sources, distinguish tropical from extratropical cyclones and from tornadoes, and route warnings to official services.
A large-scale rotating air mass around a centre of low atmospheric pressure, spinning counterclockwise in the northern hemisphere and clockwise in the southern, including tropical cyclones known as hurricanes and typhoons, extratropical cyclones of the mid-latitudes that bring most temperate weather, subtropical cyclones, polar lows and the polar vortex, and related phenomena such as the Pineapple Express atmospheric river; cyclones drive storms, rain and wind and are tracked and forecast by meteorological services, and vortices are also observed on other planets.
What it is for: Not applicable; a weather system.
It can be explain kinds and formation; relay forecasting and warnings; describe hazards; distinguish from tornadoes and anticyclones.
Distinguishing features
Low pressure rotation
Coriolis-determined spin
Tropical and extratropical types
Major weather driver
What it looks like
A spiral of cloud around a low pressure centre on satellite imagery.
Physical character
extratropical cyclone diameter: about 1000-4000 km
tropical cyclone wind threshold: 119 km/h - hurricane strength
How it is recognised
Rotating low pressure system
Tropical, extratropical, subtropical, polar lows, polar vortex
A tornado is a small violent vortex; an anticyclone is a high pressure system
Related models
is a kind of - in registry terms
is a kind of - in registry terms
is a kind of - in registry terms, when severe
is contrasted with - the high pressure counterpart
In practice
Families and kinds
tropical cyclones: hurricanes, typhoons, cyclones
extratropical cyclones and frontal systems
subtropical cyclones such as in the North Atlantic
polar lows and the polar vortex
mesocyclones within thunderstorms
atmospheric rivers such as the Pineapple Express as associated phenomena
extraterrestrial vortices such as Jupiter Great Red Spot
Standards and regulation
WMO tropical cyclone classification and naming
National warning systems and scales such as Saffir-Simpson
Building codes for cyclone-prone regions
Failure modes and hazards
Wind, storm surge and flooding
Confusing cyclone types and terms
Stale forecasts
Presenting climate attribution as settled without sources
Also called
Where this came from
wikidata · CC0 1.0
Also registered as vr.tr.cyclone
Drafted structure
Bundle to layer to finding to question, as the second pass will find it: 4 bundles · 8 layers · 8 findings · 16 questions.
Understand What a cyclone is.
Science.
Definition
Definition and kinds.
Definition
Definition.
- What is a cyclone, and how do tropical, extratropical and subtropical cyclones differ? definition
- Is the system a cyclone, a tornado or an anticyclone? boundary
Formation
Formation and structure.
Formation
Formation.
- How do cyclones form and evolve, including fronts, eyes and rainbands? definition
- Which entry fits the specific type? action
Forecast Forecasting and warnings.
Regulation.
Forecasting
Forecasting.
Forecasting
Forecasting.
- How are cyclones tracked and forecast, and how accurate are forecasts, as services report? provenance
- Which references are standard? provenance
Warnings
Warnings and safety.
Warnings
Warnings.
- Where are official warnings issued, and what safety advice applies? action
- Is the user in an area under warning, who should follow official instructions? boundary
Impact Hazards and climate.
Attribution.
Hazards
Hazards.
Hazards
Hazards.
- What hazards do cyclones bring, and which events were most damaging, with sources? provenance
- Which entry fits the specific storm? action
Climate
Climate change.
Climate
Climate.
- How is climate change affecting cyclones, as the IPCC and studies find? provenance
- Which sources are cited? provenance
Context Related phenomena and history.
Context.
Related
Polar vortex, atmospheric rivers and other planets.
Related
Related.
- What are the polar vortex, atmospheric rivers such as the Pineapple Express and extraterrestrial vortices? provenance
- Which entry fits the specific phenomenon? action
History
History of understanding.
History
History.
- How did meteorologists come to understand cyclones, from Redfield to the Norwegian school? provenance
- Which entry fits the history of meteorology? action
What the second pass must settle
- Should tropical cyclone and extratropical cyclone be separate primary entries?
- How should meteorological services be linked?
- The registry entry has merged aliases naming distinct phenomena; should they be split off?