{ "model": { "rank": 2565, "code": "thing-q79602", "model_id": "vr.tr.cyclone", "name": "cyclone", "purpose": "Let an agent explain cyclones and their kinds, relay formation, forecasting and hazards from meteorological sources, distinguish tropical from extratropical cyclones and from tornadoes, and route warnings to official services.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Activities and processes", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "ACT", "domain": "ACT.ACT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q79602/", "tier": 2, "score": 102, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "Pineapple Express", "extratropical cyclone", "polar vortex", "subtropical cyclone", "North Atlantic subtropical cyclone", "extraterrestrial vortex", "cold-core low", "post-tropical cyclone", "Labrador Low", "European windstorm", "Australian east coast low", "Pacific Northwest windstorm", "Kona storm" ], "aliasCount": 13, "merged": 13, "knownIn": 102, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": "vr.tr.cyclone", "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q79602", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79602", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-13T01:30:35Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 3, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q79602", "registryId": "vr.tr.cyclone", "name": "cyclone", "version": "0.2.0-wave.3", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "ACT.ACT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q79602/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.cyclone", "name": "cyclone", "purpose": "Let an agent explain cyclones and their kinds, relay formation, forecasting and hazards from meteorological sources, distinguish tropical from extratropical cyclones and from tornadoes, and route warnings to official services.", "definition": "A large-scale rotating air mass around a centre of low atmospheric pressure, spinning counterclockwise in the northern hemisphere and clockwise in the southern, including tropical cyclones known as hurricanes and typhoons, extratropical cyclones of the mid-latitudes that bring most temperate weather, subtropical cyclones, polar lows and the polar vortex, and related phenomena such as the Pineapple Express atmospheric river; cyclones drive storms, rain and wind and are tracked and forecast by meteorological services, and vortices are also observed on other planets.", "what_it_is_for": "Not applicable; a weather system.", "affordances": [ "explain kinds and formation", "relay forecasting and warnings", "describe hazards", "distinguish from tornadoes and anticyclones" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Low pressure rotation", "Coriolis-determined spin", "Tropical and extratropical types", "Major weather driver" ], "appearance": "A spiral of cloud around a low pressure centre on satellite imagery.", "visual_identification": [ "Rotating low pressure system", "Tropical, extratropical, subtropical, polar lows, polar vortex", "A tornado is a small violent vortex; an anticyclone is a high pressure system" ], "physical_properties": [ { "quantity": "extratropical cyclone diameter", "typical_range": "about 1000-4000", "unit": "km", "note": "" }, { "quantity": "tropical cyclone wind threshold", "typical_range": "119", "unit": "km/h", "note": "hurricane strength" } ], "families_and_kinds": [ "tropical cyclones: hurricanes, typhoons, cyclones", "extratropical cyclones and frontal systems", "subtropical cyclones such as in the North Atlantic", "polar lows and the polar vortex", "mesocyclones within thunderstorms", "atmospheric rivers such as the Pineapple Express as associated phenomena", "extraterrestrial vortices such as Jupiter Great Red Spot" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "low pressure area", "why": "in registry terms" }, { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "vortex", "why": "in registry terms" }, { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "extreme weather event", "why": "in registry terms, when severe" }, { "relation": "is contrasted with", "target": "anticyclone", "why": "the high pressure counterpart" } ], "identifiers": [], "standards_and_regulation": [ "WMO tropical cyclone classification and naming", "National warning systems and scales such as Saffir-Simpson", "Building codes for cyclone-prone regions" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Wind, storm surge and flooding", "Confusing cyclone types and terms", "Stale forecasts", "Presenting climate attribution as settled without sources" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "understand", "name": "Understand", "description": "What a cyclone is.", "rationale": "Science.", "layers": [ { "id": "definition", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition and kinds.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-finding", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is a cyclone, and how do tropical, extratropical and subtropical cyclones differ?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Is the system a cyclone, a tornado or an anticyclone?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "formation", "name": "Formation", "description": "Formation and structure.", "findings": [ { "id": "formation-finding", "name": "Formation", "description": "Formation.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do cyclones form and evolve, including fronts, eyes and rainbands?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the specific type?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "forecast", "name": "Forecast", "description": "Forecasting and warnings.", "rationale": "Regulation.", "layers": [ { "id": "forecasting", "name": "Forecasting", "description": "Forecasting.", "findings": [ { "id": "forecasting-finding", "name": "Forecasting", "description": "Forecasting.", "questions": [ { "text": "How are cyclones tracked and forecast, and how accurate are forecasts, as services report?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which references are standard?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "warnings", "name": "Warnings", "description": "Warnings and safety.", "findings": [ { "id": "warnings-finding", "name": "Warnings", "description": "Warnings.", "questions": [ { "text": "Where are official warnings issued, and what safety advice applies?", "kind": "action" }, { "text": "Is the user in an area under warning, who should follow official instructions?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "impact", "name": "Impact", "description": "Hazards and climate.", "rationale": "Attribution.", "layers": [ { "id": "hazards", "name": "Hazards", "description": "Hazards.", "findings": [ { "id": "hazards-finding", "name": "Hazards", "description": "Hazards.", "questions": [ { "text": "What hazards do cyclones bring, and which events were most damaging, with sources?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the specific storm?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "climate", "name": "Climate", "description": "Climate change.", "findings": [ { "id": "climate-finding", "name": "Climate", "description": "Climate.", "questions": [ { "text": "How is climate change affecting cyclones, as the IPCC and studies find?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which sources are cited?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "context", "name": "Context", "description": "Related phenomena and history.", "rationale": "Context.", "layers": [ { "id": "related", "name": "Related", "description": "Polar vortex, atmospheric rivers and other planets.", "findings": [ { "id": "related-finding", "name": "Related", "description": "Related.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are the polar vortex, atmospheric rivers such as the Pineapple Express and extraterrestrial vortices?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the specific phenomenon?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "history", "name": "History", "description": "History of understanding.", "findings": [ { "id": "history-finding", "name": "History", "description": "History.", "questions": [ { "text": "How did meteorologists come to understand cyclones, from Redfield to the Norwegian school?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the history of meteorology?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should tropical cyclone and extratropical cyclone be separate primary entries?", "How should meteorological services be linked?", "The registry entry has merged aliases naming distinct phenomena; should they be split off?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a cyclone, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent explain cyclones and their kinds, relay formation, forecasting and hazards from meteorological sources, distinguish tropical from extratropical cyclones and from tornadoes, and route warnings to official services.", "characteristics": { "substance": "activity", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: Pineapple Express, extratropical cyclone, polar vortex, subtropical cyclone, North Atlantic subtropical cyclone, extraterrestrial vortex, cold-core low, post-tropical cyclone, Labrador Low, European windstorm, Australian east coast low, Pacific Northwest windstorm.", "13 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 102 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a cyclone, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "something that happens over time", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "Pineapple Express", "extratropical cyclone", "polar vortex", "subtropical cyclone", "North Atlantic subtropical cyclone", "extraterrestrial vortex", "cold-core low", "post-tropical cyclone", "Labrador Low", "European windstorm", "Australian east coast low", "Pacific Northwest windstorm" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 102 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 13 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one cyclone from another, and a cyclone from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a cyclone, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a cyclone, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a cyclone is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a cyclone, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a cyclone, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a cyclone is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a cyclone sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a cyclone, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a cyclone, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a cyclone is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a cyclone from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a cyclone, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a cyclone, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a cyclone is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a cyclone passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a cyclone between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a cyclone, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a cyclone, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a cyclone is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a cyclone, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a cyclone is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a cyclone, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a cyclone, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a cyclone is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "process-and-outcome", "name": "Process, inputs and outcome", "description": "How a cyclone proceeds, what it needs and what it leaves behind.", "rationale": "An activity is known by its steps and its results, and both have to be recordable while it is still running.", "layers": [ { "id": "steps-and-sequence", "name": "Steps and sequence", "description": "The steps of a cyclone, their order and what may run in parallel.", "findings": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions", "name": "Steps, preconditions and completion", "description": "What has to be true before each step of a cyclone and what marks it done.", "questions": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a step of a cyclone, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a step of a cyclone, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a step of a cyclone is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-results", "name": "Inputs, resources and results", "description": "What a cyclone consumes and what it produces.", "findings": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs", "name": "Inputs, outputs and side effects", "description": "The resources a cyclone takes and the results it leaves, wanted or not.", "questions": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the inputs and results of a cyclone, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the inputs and results of a cyclone, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the inputs and results of a cyclone is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What cyclone is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of cyclone are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is cyclone operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of cyclone and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of cyclone?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as cyclone?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a cyclone came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a cyclone and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a cyclone, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a cyclone, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a cyclone is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a cyclone is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a cyclone, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a cyclone, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a cyclone is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }