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Research draft

American English

vr.tr.american-english · INF.MED

Let an agent explain American English and its varieties, relay features, history and regional variation from sociolinguistic sources with attribution, describe the dialects the registry aliases name, and distinguish American English from British, Canadian and other Englishes, presenting dialects respectfully rather than as errors.

Thing Registry Information and virtual systems

Research draft, second pass

A second pass drafted this model: the structure a model of this thing needs, and what is known about it in the world. The line under this one says how the second half was obtained - researched against sources, or recalled without web access, in which case nothing here was read anywhere and every claim is a lead to verify. Unreviewed either way.

written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify

Researched by: Claude

Purpose and description

Let an agent explain American English and its varieties, relay features, history and regional variation from sociolinguistic sources with attribution, describe the dialects the registry aliases name, and distinguish American English from British, Canadian and other Englishes, presenting dialects respectfully rather than as errors.

The set of varieties of the English language native to the United States, with a standard form used in national media and education and many regional and social dialects, including Western American English, California English, Alaskan English, Pennsylvania English with its Philadelphia and Pittsburgh varieties, New York Latino English and Miami English, alongside African American English, Southern and New England varieties; American English differs from British English in pronunciation, spelling, vocabulary and some grammar.

What it is for: Not applicable; a language variety.

It can be explain features; relay history and variation; describe regional dialects; distinguish related varieties.

Distinguishing features

Rhotic in most varieties

Webster spellings

Regional and ethnic dialects

Global influence

What it looks like

Not a visible object; speech and writing.

Physical character

native speakers: about 230-250 million - estimates

Webster s dictionary: 1828 year - spelling reforms

Atlas of North American English: 2006 year - Labov, Ash and Boberg

How it is recognised

English varieties of the United States

California, Alaskan, Western American, Pennsylvania, New York Latino and Miami English

British English has different spelling and pronunciation norms; Canadian English shares many features but differs; other world Englishes differ

Related models

is a kind of - in registry terms

North American English

is contrasted with -

British English

includes -

African-American English

is documented by -

Atlas of North American English

In practice

Families and kinds

General American

Western and California English

Southern American English

Northern and Inland Northern English

African American English

Latino Englishes such as New York Latino and Miami English

Alaskan and Pennsylvania varieties

Standards and regulation

No official regulator; style guides and dictionaries set conventions

Failure modes and hazards

Treating dialects as incorrect

Stereotyping regional speakers

Registry aliases mixing regional and ethnic varieties

Also called

California EnglishAlaskan EnglishNew York Latino EnglishWestern American EnglishMiami EnglishPennsylvania EnglishMid-Atlantic American EnglishNew York dialectCajun EnglishAppalachian EnglishAfrican American EnglishWestern Pennsylvania EnglishChicano EnglishSouthern American EnglishMid-Atlantic accentMidland American EnglishNew England EnglishNew Jersey EnglishInland Northern American EnglishNorth–Central American EnglishNew Orleans EnglishYooper dialectInland North EnglishNew Mexican EnglishBaltimore dialectCharleston EnglishOlder Southern American EnglishTexan EnglishLarchmont lockjawEastern New England EnglishWestern New England English

Where this came from

wikidata · CC0 1.0

Drafted structure

Bundle to layer to finding to question, as the second pass will find it: 4 bundles · 8 layers · 8 findings · 16 questions.

Understand What American English is.

Attribution.

Definition

Definition.

Definition

Definition.

  1. What is American English, and how does it differ from British, Canadian and other Englishes? definition
  2. Is the question about features, a dialect, usage or style? boundary

Dialects

Dialects.

Dialects

Dialects.

  1. What are California, Alaskan, Western, Pennsylvania, New York Latino and Miami English? definition
  2. Which entry fits the specific dialect? action
Features Features.

Sources.

Sound

Pronunciation.

Sound

Sound.

  1. What are key pronunciation features and ongoing sound changes? provenance
  2. Which references are standard? provenance

Spelling

Spelling and vocabulary.

Spelling

Spelling.

  1. How do American spelling and vocabulary differ from British usage? provenance
  2. Which sources are cited? provenance
Variation Variation.

Attribution.

Regional

Regional variation.

Regional

Regional.

  1. What does sociolinguistic research show about regional dialects, with findings attributed? provenance
  2. Which entry fits American English regional vocabulary? action

Social

Social and ethnic variation.

Social

Social.

  1. How are ethnic varieties such as African American and Latino Englishes studied, presented respectfully? provenance
  2. Is the presentation respectful and not stigmatising? boundary
Context History and influence.

Context.

History

History.

History

History.

  1. How did American English develop from colonial settlement? provenance
  2. Which entry fits the history of English? action

Influence

Global influence.

Influence

Influence.

  1. How has American English influenced other languages and Englishes? provenance
  2. Which entry fits World Englishes? action

What the second pass must settle

  • Should the regional dialects be separate primary entries?
  • How should sociolinguistic sources be linked?
  • The registry entry has merged aliases naming many varieties; should they be split off?