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Research draft

Anisoptera

vr.tr.anisoptera · thing-q80066

Enable an AI agent to recognise a candidate dragonfly, assess its developmental and functional state, and choose evidence-supported observation or intervention.

Thing Registry Physical world and living systems PHY.LIV

Research draft, second pass

A second pass drafted this model: the structure a model of this thing needs, and what is known about it in the world. The line under this one says how the second half was obtained - researched against sources, or recalled without web access, in which case nothing here was read anywhere and every claim is a lead to verify. Unreviewed either way.

Researched by: Codex + Grok

Bundle → Layer → Finding → Questions Filled

6 bundles · 11 layers · 18 findings · 28 questions

Anisoptera recognition Establish what taxon the record means and which observed characters support membership.

Taxon concept

Bind the registry entry and individual determination to explicit biological concepts.

Intended Anisoptera

Record evidence that the registry denotes the odonate group and identify the taxonomic authority used.

  1. What registry provenance establishes that this entry denotes dragonflies rather than the plant genus? provenance
  2. Which taxonomic treatment defines membership and the boundary with neighbouring odonate groups? boundary

Stage-specific diagnosis

Evaluate diagnostic anatomy using evidence appropriate to the observed material.

Supported identification

Retain visible characters, alternative identifications, key provenance and the narrowest supported determination.

  1. Which wing, eye, appendage or larval characters are actually visible, and which are obscured or damaged? measurement
  2. What stage-appropriate regional key or expert determination supports excluding damselflies and other alternatives? provenance
Development and emergence Represent aquatic development and the transition to a winged adult without assuming species-specific timing.

Developmental position

Separate life stage from inferred age, instar and reproductive maturity.

Stage and maturity evidence

Record the observed stage and evidence for finer maturity assignments; leave unsupported age estimates unresolved.

  1. What anatomical or directly observed developmental evidence supports the assigned stage? definition
  2. Can instar or adult maturity be determined for this taxon, or must it remain unresolved? boundary

Emergence association

Connect an emergence event, support surface and shed skin when evidence permits.

Emergence outcome

Record progress and outcome of the final larval moult and the strength of any adult-exuvia association. [British Dragonfly Society](https://british-dragonflies.org.uk/odonata/life-cycle-and-biology/)

  1. Was emergence observed continuously, and what supports linking this adult to this exuvia? provenance
  2. Did emergence progress to wing expansion and departure, remain ongoing, or show an observed failure? measurement
Condition and activity Assess what the organism can currently do and what its behaviour actually demonstrates.

Functional capacity

Assess visible integrity and performance in the context of stage and observation conditions.

Observed impairment

Separate damaged structures and demonstrated functional limitations from inactivity with an unknown cause.

  1. What wing, leg or abdominal damage is visible, and what movement or attachment ability was observed? measurement
  2. Could developmental state or observation conditions explain inactivity without establishing injury? boundary

Feeding and reproduction

Describe predatory and reproductive events without inferring outcomes that were not observed.

Behavioural event evidence

Keep pursuit, prey capture, tandem formation, mating and oviposition distinguishable.

  1. What observed sequence supports classifying the event as feeding, mating or oviposition? definition
  2. Which participants, prey or deposition substrates can be identified, and with what uncertainty? measurement
Habitat and local development Connect observations to developmental habitat and assess evidence of local breeding.

Aquatic and emergence context

Record the particular waterbody, microhabitat and emergence support associated with the organism.

Developmental microhabitat

Describe observed substrate, vegetation, water conditions and access to emergence supports without assigning universal suitability thresholds.

  1. Where was the larva or exuvia found relative to water, substrate, vegetation and possible emergence supports? measurement
  2. Which habitat requirements are supported for the identified taxon and stage rather than assumed for all dragonflies? provenance

Residency and detectability

Distinguish site use, attempted reproduction and evidence of completed local development.

Local development evidence

Evaluate adult sightings, larvae, oviposition and emergence evidence separately, retaining survey effort and repeat-visit context.

  1. Does the evidence establish adult presence, reproductive activity, larval occupancy or completed emergence? boundary
  2. What survey timing, duration, weather and life-stage coverage constrain conclusions from non-detection? measurement
Observation and intervention Select the next observation or action using identification uncertainty, developmental vulnerability and site context.

Diagnostic observation

Choose evidence collection that resolves a specific identification or state question.

Next useful observation

Specify the additional view, measurement or expert review needed and whether it requires disturbance.

  1. Would a dorsal wing view, lateral body view, abdominal-tip detail or exuvia examination resolve the uncertainty? action
  2. Can the required evidence be obtained without disturbing emergence or capturing the organism? action

Intervention prerequisites

Assess handling, sampling, relocation and habitat work against the actual organism and proposed action.

Stage-sensitive action decision

Record the intervention purpose, expected effect, applicable permissions and unresolved biological dependencies.

  1. How could the proposed action affect this larva, emerging adult, oviposition substrate or emergence support? action
  2. What taxon-specific evidence, local authorization and outcome monitoring are required before proceeding? action
Evidence and external alignment What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.

Reported evidence

Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.

Kinds and varieties

Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.

  1. Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of Anisoptera this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance

Identifiers and schemes

Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.

  1. Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of Anisoptera this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance

Standards and regulation

Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.

  1. Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of Anisoptera this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance

Real-world use

Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.

  1. Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of Anisoptera this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance

Typical measurements

Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.

  1. Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of Anisoptera this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance

Failure modes and hazards

Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.

  1. Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of Anisoptera this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance

Regional variation

Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.

  1. Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of Anisoptera this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance

Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart

Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.

  1. Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of Anisoptera this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance

Classifiers Filled

Family
Thing Registry
Category
Physical world and living systems
Entry kind
thing
Plane
PHY
Domain
PHY.LIV

What it is Filled

Anisoptera Selys, 1854 is the odonate clade of true dragonflies, treated as a suborder of Odonata on the World Odonata List, ITIS and Catalogue of Life, or as an infraorder of Epiprocta in some phylogenetic schemes, comprising about 3,100 extant predatory species whose adults have hindwings broader than the forewings and whose aquatic nymphs respire through an internal rectal branchial chamber rather than external caudal gills.

In scope

  • Evidence supporting assignment to Anisoptera and the narrowest defensible subordinate taxon
  • Egg, larval, emerging and adult states, including associations with shed larval skins
  • Stage-dependent morphology, sex assessment and visible functional condition
  • Observed feeding, movement, mating and oviposition
  • Connections to aquatic development sites, emergence supports and terrestrial activity areas
  • Evidence and prerequisites for observation, sampling, handling or habitat-related intervention

Out of scope

  • Anisoptera Korth., the plant genus in Dipterocarpaceae
  • Damselflies and other neighbouring odonate taxa except as identification alternatives
  • Complete species monographs and taxonomic revision of Odonata
  • Whole wetland hydrology, chemistry and ecosystem management
  • Population viability and regional conservation assessments beyond links to relevant assessments
  • Laboratory assay procedures, collection administration and permitting systems

Why it exists Filled

Enable an AI agent to recognise a candidate dragonfly, assess its developmental and functional state, and choose evidence-supported observation or intervention.

Distinguishing features Filled

  • For an adult candidate, examine whether the hindwing base is broader than the forewing base; retain photographs and test the combination against an appropriate regional odonate key.
  • Use resting wing posture only as supporting evidence: spread wings suggest a dragonfly but cannot alone exclude spreadwing damselflies.
  • Record eye separation without making touching eyes mandatory; separated eyes must not automatically exclude a dragonfly candidate.
  • For larvae, inspect the abdominal tip for damselfly-like caudal lamellae, recording whether damage could explain their absence. [British Dragonfly Society](https://british-dragonflies.org.uk/odonata/life-cycle-and-biology/)
  • An extendable larval labium supports odonate identification, but does not alone distinguish Anisoptera from other Odonata. [British Dragonfly Society](https://british-dragonflies.org.uk/odonata/life-cycle-and-biology/)

What robots and AI may and may not do Filled

Must not

  • Collect or kill protected dragonfly species.
  • Drain or pollute ponds and wetlands where they breed.
  • Publish exact locations of rare species where that invites collectors.
  • Misidentify species in records.

Only with a human decision

  • Approving changes to wetlands that hold dragonfly populations.

May

  • Identify and record dragonflies from photos for biodiversity surveys.
  • Report sightings to recording schemes with location and date.

Moral aspects Filled

  • Dragonflies indicate healthy freshwater, which is in decline.
  • Rare species can be harmed by collectors and habitat loss.

Who is affected

  • Dragonflies themselves
  • Wetland ecosystems
  • Recorders and researchers

Owners Filled

Steward

Nobody: wild and protected by law in many places.

Master systems

  • Biodiversity recording databases
  • Species checklists such as the World Odonata List

Links to other meta-models Missing, in the backlog

Not described yet. This gap is in the card backlog.

What else AI and robots need to interact with it Filled

Identity and identifiers required Filled

  • Vercy registry: vr.tr.anisoptera
  • Wikidata: Q80066 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80066)

Direct properties required Filled

  • Taxonomic determination: Accepted taxon concept, authority, determination date, evidence and confidence
  • Developmental state: Egg; larva; emerging adult; teneral adult; mature adult; unresolved
  • Evidence material: Live organism; dead organism; exuvia; image; video; associated egg material
  • Diagnostic morphology: Wing-base shape, venation, eye separation, abdominal appendages, larval labium and abdominal-tip characters; each observed, obscured or damaged
  • Stage-specific dimensions: Body length and, when applicable, hindwing length in mm; anatomical endpoints, method and uncertainty
  • Sex determination: Male; female; unresolved; with supporting anatomical evidence
  • Functional condition: Observed wing integrity, locomotion, attachment, responsiveness and visible lesions; unassessed where appropriate
  • Development-site association: Located at; ovipositing at; larva found in; emerging from; exuvia found beside; association uncertain
  • Observation conditions: Date and time, survey duration in minutes, air or water temperature in °C, and measured spatial uncertainty in m

Recognition required Filled

  • Adults have hindwings that are broader at the base than the forewings, unlike the more similarly shaped wing pairs of most damselflies.
  • Resting adults generally hold both wing pairs spread sideways rather than folded together above the abdomen.
  • Adults typically have robust bodies and large compound eyes, although eye separation varies between families.
  • Aquatic immature stages lack the three external leaflike tail gills characteristic of damselfly immature stages.

Capabilities and actions required Filled

  • Document diagnostic views and request expert determination when characters do not support a narrower identification.
  • Assess developmental state and visible functional condition before proposing handling.
  • Link larvae, emergence observations and exuviae to a candidate development site while retaining association uncertainty.
  • Record feeding, tandem formation, mating or oviposition as separate observed events.
  • Plan repeat surveys using life stage, local season, weather and earlier observation effort.
  • Evaluate whether sampling, relocation or changes to emergence vegetation have sufficient biological justification and applicable authorization.

Hazards and failure modes required Filled

  • Rough handling can damage delicate wings, legs or the abdomen and prevent normal flight or feeding.
  • Misidentification can produce misleading biodiversity records and inappropriate conservation decisions.
  • Removal from aquatic habitats or unsuitable captive conditions can kill immature dragonflies.
  • Adults held directly may bite defensively and cause minor discomfort.

Standards and interfaces required Filled

  • The Integrated Taxonomic Information System, maintained by the ITIS interagency partnership, classifies Anisoptera as a suborder within Odonata.

Context of use required Filled

  • True dragonflies are encountered around freshwater habitats where their aquatic immature stages develop, although adults may forage far from water.
  • They are studied in insect identification, freshwater ecology, biodiversity surveys and assessments of habitat change.
  • Both aquatic immature stages and flying adults are predators that participate in local food webs.

Sources Filled

  1. Dragonfly - Definitional characters (unequal wings, rest posture, nymphal rectal gills), family list, species-count and biogeographic table, life-span and nymphal duration, altitude and desert-temperature figures, cultural and food uses, and the distinction from Zygoptera and Meganisoptera.
  2. ITIS Report: Anisoptera Selys, 1854 - Valid suborder rank under Odonata, TSN 101594, author and year, English and French vernaculars, and the family children recognised by ITIS.
  3. World Odonata List - Working global checklist treating Anisoptera as a suborder beside Zygoptera and Anisozygoptera, family sequence under four superfamilies, and the April 2025 Odonata species total.
  4. Anisoptera (Q80066) - Wikidata item for the insect suborder and crosswalks to ITIS TSN 101594, Catalogue of Life 9WLT3, Encyclopedia of Life 2762968, iNaturalist 47927, Fauna Europaea 11840 and BugGuide 191.
  5. Odonata systematics: past, present, and future: a review of the phylogenetic works in Anisoptera (dragonflies) - Extant Anisoptera species count of 3123 (Paulson et al. 2024), placement of Anisoptera as sister to Epiophlebia within Epiprocta, and family-level phylogenetic summary including Aeshnidae body-size range.
  6. Catalogue of Life Checklist: Anisoptera Selys, 1854 - Accepted-suborder status, CoL identifier 9WLT3, and statistics of 11 families, 448 genera and 3,105 species sourced from the World Odonata List.
  7. Anisoptera (plant) - Homonymous dipterocarp tree genus Anisoptera Korth. (ten Asian species; Wikidata Q2850145), which must not be merged with the insect taxon.

Open questions

  • Does registry provenance confirm the odonate meaning of Anisoptera rather than the plant genus?
  • Which taxonomic authority and treatment of neighbouring odonate lineages should define the model's global boundary?
  • Which regional keys provide reliable adult, larval and exuvial diagnoses, including exceptions and damaged specimens?
  • What species- and stage-specific evidence can distinguish ordinary inactivity or maturation from impairment requiring intervention?
  • Which local evidence standards establish breeding or successful emergence, and which jurisdiction-specific rules govern sampling and habitat work?

Machine files

Provenance

thing registry research (pass 2) · unreviewed

Built from: models/things/publications/thing-q80066/spec.json