{ "model": { "rank": 2964, "code": "thing-q80294", "model_id": "vr.tr.cellulose", "name": "cellulose", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise cellulose, assess the condition and suitability of a particular material, and identify handling or transformation options supported by evidence.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.MAT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q80294/", "tier": 2, "score": 93, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "cellulose phosphate", "bedding", "regenerated cellulose", "powdered cellulose", "bacterial cellulose", "microbial cellulose", "alpha cellulose", "cat litter", "azlon" ], "aliasCount": 9, "merged": 9, "knownIn": 93, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q80294", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80294", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T14:01:04Z", "providers": [ "Codex", "Grok" ], "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "usd": 0.01140428, "turns": 1, "seconds": 169.7, "error": null }, "codex": { "seconds": 79.8, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07c26-08a2-74a0-b5e2-eee8955701cd\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: cellulose\nRegistry id: vr.tr.cellulose\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.MAT\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\nA Ver" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q80294", "registryId": "vr.tr.cellulose", "name": "cellulose", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.MAT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q80294/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.cellulose", "name": "cellulose", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise cellulose, assess the condition and suitability of a particular material, and identify handling or transformation options supported by evidence.", "definition": "Linear unsubstituted (1→4)-β-D-glucan whose chains pack, via intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bonds, into crystalline microfibrils; it is the principal load-bearing polysaccharide of plant cell walls and is also produced by some algae, oomycetes and bacteria.", "scope_statement": "This model owns cellulose as a material constituent or characterised material lot, including its molecular identity, physical organisation, composition, condition and response to processing; it distinguishes properties of cellulose itself from those of its source organism, formulation or finished product.", "in_scope": [ "Evidence that the material contains cellulose and the basis for identifying it", "Chain length, chain integrity and chemical modification relevant to cellulose identity", "Crystalline organisation and physical forms such as fibres, powders, regenerated cellulose and nanocellulose", "Cellulose fraction, associated substances, moisture and contamination", "Condition and suitability for specified handling, separation or transformation operations" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Biology and cultivation of cellulose-producing plants or microorganisms", "Whole wood, pulp, paper, textiles and composites beyond their cellulose constituent", "Chemically substituted cellulose derivatives as independently identified materials", "Equipment and complete industrial process models", "Finished-product certification, clinical suitability and application-specific regulatory approval" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Determine whether analytical evidence supports a beta-(1→4)-linked D-glucose backbone rather than the alpha-linked backbone associated with starch.", "Distinguish cellulose from hemicellulose and lignin using evidence of constituent chemistry and composition rather than plant origin or fibrous appearance.", "Check for covalent substitution that would identify a cellulose derivative; distinguish this from physical regeneration, absorbed substances or a surface coating.", "Distinguish a cellulose constituent from a cellulose-containing mixture by reporting the cellulose fraction and the analytical basis for that fraction.", "Distinguish fibres, microcrystalline cellulose and nanocellulose using preparation history and measured morphology rather than treating their names as interchangeable." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Identity evidence", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Analytical method, observed signature, reference comparison and confidence", "why_it_matters": "Prevents source labels or visual appearance from being treated as proof of cellulose identity." }, { "name": "Cellulose content", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Mass fraction or wt%; specify dry or as-received basis and analytical method", "why_it_matters": "Separates properties attributable to cellulose from those of a mixture." }, { "name": "Degree of polymerisation", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Dimensionless; specify averaging convention, method and distribution when available", "why_it_matters": "Supports assessment of chain degradation and processing suitability." }, { "name": "Chemical modification", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Modification type, location, extent and evidence; unmodified or unknown where justified", "why_it_matters": "Determines whether the material remains within this model or requires a related derivative model." }, { "name": "Crystalline organisation", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Reported cellulose allomorphs, mixed or unresolved; method and interpretation", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes structural states that can respond differently to processing." }, { "name": "Crystallinity estimate", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Method-defined index or estimated fraction; include calculation procedure", "why_it_matters": "Describes molecular organisation without assuming that estimates from different methods are equivalent." }, { "name": "Physical form and dimensions", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Form category plus length, width, thickness and size distributions in suitable units", "why_it_matters": "Supports distinctions among fibres, particles, fibrils, crystals and continuous regenerated forms." }, { "name": "Moisture content", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "wt%; specify wet or dry basis, conditioning and measurement method", "why_it_matters": "Makes mass measurements and material comparisons interpretable." }, { "name": "Associated substances", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Identity and concentration of lignin, hemicellulose, ash, additives, residual reagents and contaminants", "why_it_matters": "Identifies constituents that may constrain use or dominate observed behaviour." }, { "name": "Source and treatment lineage", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Links to source material, lot, isolation, regeneration, drying and other treatment records", "why_it_matters": "Connects the observed material to processes that may explain its present structure and condition." }, { "name": "Condition assessment", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Observed changes, comparison baseline, assessment date and unresolved causes", "why_it_matters": "Separates measured deterioration from assumptions based on age or appearance." } ], "affordances": [ "Classify a material as cellulose, cellulose-containing material or a candidate cellulose derivative using recorded evidence.", "Select measurements needed to resolve uncertain identity, purity, chain condition or physical form.", "Compare lots for a specified use while accounting for moisture basis, conditioning and analytical methods.", "Evaluate candidate washing, drying, dispersion, fibrillation, dissolution or regeneration operations against observed material properties.", "Assess proposed hydrolysis or chemical modification and identify when the resulting material needs a different model.", "Recommend further testing or segregation when contamination or condition leaves suitability unresolved." ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "klemm-2005", "title": "Cellulose: Fascinating Biopolymer and Sustainable Raw Material - Angewandte Chemie International Edition (Wiley-VCH)", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.200460587", "what_it_supports": "Definition as (1→4)-β-D-glucan, I/II/III/IV allomorphs, typical DP ranges, and industrial uses of native and regenerated cellulose.", "url_status": "blocked" }, { "id": "nishiyama-2002", "title": "Crystal Structure and Hydrogen-Bonding System in Cellulose Iβ from Synchrotron X-ray and Neutron Fiber Diffraction - Journal of the American Chemical Society (ACS Publications)", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1021/ja0257319", "what_it_supports": "Crystal packing and hydrogen-bond geometry of the dominant higher-plant allomorph, cellulose Iβ.", "url_status": "blocked" }, { "id": "iso-5351", "title": "ISO 5351:2010 Pulps - Determination of limiting viscosity number in cupri-ethylenediamine (CED) solution - International Organization for Standardization", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "The standard viscometric route from which pulp cellulose degree of polymerization is inferred." }, { "id": "astm-d1695", "title": "ASTM D1695 Standard Terminology Relating to Cellulose and Cellulose Derivatives - ASTM International", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Industrial names and distinctions among cellulose, pulp fractions, and common derivatives." }, { "id": "eu-231-2012", "title": "Commission Regulation (EU) No 231/2012 laying down specifications for food additives - European Commission", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R0231", "what_it_supports": "Identity and purity specifications for E 460(i) microcrystalline cellulose and E 460(ii) powdered cellulose.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "iupac-carb-1996", "title": "Nomenclature of Carbohydrates (Recommendations 1996) - IUPAC, Pure and Applied Chemistry", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Preferred structural name (1→4)-β-D-glucan for unsubstituted cellulose." } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "cellulose-identity-and-boundaries", "name": "Cellulose identity and boundaries", "description": "Establishes what is being called cellulose and how that identification is supported.", "rationale": "A cellulose label can refer to a polymer, a commercial grade or a constituent of a mixed material.", "layers": [ { "id": "backbone-identification", "name": "Backbone identification", "description": "Records evidence for cellulose molecular identity.", "findings": [ { "id": "glucose-linkage-evidence", "name": "Glucose linkage evidence", "description": "Captures evidence for the expected backbone and its distinction from other polysaccharides.", "questions": [ { "text": "What evidence supports identification of a beta-(1→4)-linked D-glucose backbone?", "kind": "definition", "id": "glucose-linkage-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "Which measurements distinguish the sample from starch, hemicellulose or another plausible polysaccharide?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "glucose-linkage-evidence-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "constituent-and-derivative-boundaries", "name": "Constituent and derivative boundaries", "description": "Determines whether the subject is cellulose itself, a mixture containing it or a chemically modified material.", "findings": [ { "id": "identity-bearing-material", "name": "Identity-bearing material", "description": "Records the material level at which the cellulose identification applies.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does this record describe an isolated cellulose lot or the cellulose constituent of a larger material?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "identity-bearing-material-q01" }, { "text": "What covalent modifications are present, and do their identity and extent require a linked cellulose-derivative model?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "identity-bearing-material-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "chain-and-solid-structure", "name": "Chain and solid structure", "description": "Describes cellulose chain size, crystalline organisation and observable physical form.", "rationale": "Materials with cellulose chemistry can differ substantially in organisation and processing response.", "layers": [ { "id": "chain-size-and-integrity", "name": "Chain size and integrity", "description": "Characterises polymer chain length and evidence of chain alteration.", "findings": [ { "id": "polymerisation-and-chain-change", "name": "Polymerisation and chain change", "description": "Records chain-size measurements and comparisons that can reveal degradation.", "questions": [ { "text": "What degree of polymerisation or molar-mass distribution was measured, using which method and averaging convention?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "polymerisation-and-chain-change-q01" }, { "text": "What baseline or treatment comparison supports any claim that the cellulose chains have shortened or chemically changed?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "polymerisation-and-chain-change-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "packing-and-morphology", "name": "Packing and morphology", "description": "Separates molecular packing from fibre, particle and fibril geometry.", "findings": [ { "id": "crystalline-and-physical-form", "name": "Crystalline and physical form", "description": "Records structural assignments and dimensional evidence with their measurement limitations.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which cellulose allomorphs and crystallinity estimates are reported, and how were they determined?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "crystalline-and-physical-form-q01" }, { "text": "What dimensional distributions and imaging evidence support the assigned fibre, powder, microcrystalline or nanocellulose form?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "crystalline-and-physical-form-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "composition-and-treatment-lineage", "name": "Composition and treatment lineage", "description": "Connects cellulose content and accompanying substances to source and processing history.", "rationale": "Source and isolation history help explain differences that a nominal cellulose grade may conceal.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-isolation", "name": "Source and isolation", "description": "Tracks the material's origin and transformations before assessment.", "findings": [ { "id": "cellulose-production-history", "name": "Cellulose production history", "description": "Captures source identity and treatments relevant to present material properties.", "questions": [ { "text": "What biological or recovered-material source and lot records establish the origin of this cellulose?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "cellulose-production-history-q01" }, { "text": "Which isolation, bleaching, hydrolysis, regeneration or mechanical treatments are documented, with what conditions?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "cellulose-production-history-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "cellulose-fraction-and-residues", "name": "Cellulose fraction and residues", "description": "Records composition without conflating cellulose purity with a supplier's grade name.", "findings": [ { "id": "composition-on-a-defined-basis", "name": "Composition on a defined basis", "description": "Makes cellulose content and associated-substance measurements interpretable.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is the measured cellulose mass fraction, on which moisture basis and under which analytical definition?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "composition-on-a-defined-basis-q01" }, { "text": "Which non-cellulosic constituents or processing residues were measured, and what detection limits qualify claims of absence?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "composition-on-a-defined-basis-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "water-interaction-and-condition", "name": "Water interaction and condition", "description": "Describes moisture, wetting history and changes relevant to the cellulose's present usability.", "rationale": "Cellulose condition cannot be judged reliably without accounting for water exposure, drying and evidence of deterioration.", "layers": [ { "id": "moisture-and-redispersion", "name": "Moisture and redispersion", "description": "Records water content and the effects of wetting and drying on the assessed form.", "findings": [ { "id": "hydration-and-drying-response", "name": "Hydration and drying response", "description": "Captures current conditioning and observed changes in swelling or dispersibility.", "questions": [ { "text": "What moisture content was measured, and what humidity, temperature and conditioning history preceded it?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "hydration-and-drying-response-q01" }, { "text": "After documented drying and rewetting, what changes in swelling, aggregation or redispersibility were observed?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "hydration-and-drying-response-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "deterioration-and-contamination", "name": "Deterioration and contamination", "description": "Separates visible symptoms from supported assessments of material change.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-of-condition-change", "name": "Evidence of condition change", "description": "Records observations that justify reassessment of a cellulose lot.", "questions": [ { "text": "What evidence of chain degradation, oxidation, biological contamination or foreign matter exists relative to an appropriate baseline?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "evidence-of-condition-change-q01" }, { "text": "Which observed changes require additional testing or segregation before the intended use?", "kind": "action", "id": "evidence-of-condition-change-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "processing-response-and-use-decisions", "name": "Processing response and use decisions", "description": "Links characterised cellulose to candidate operations and explicit suitability requirements.", "rationale": "An agent needs evidence connecting material properties to an operation, rather than assuming all cellulose behaves alike.", "layers": [ { "id": "physical-processing-response", "name": "Physical processing response", "description": "Assesses operations that alter cellulose form or organisation.", "findings": [ { "id": "dispersion-dissolution-and-forming", "name": "Dispersion, dissolution and forming", "description": "Distinguishes observed swelling, dispersion and dissolution and records subsequent material recovery.", "questions": [ { "text": "Under specified medium, temperature, concentration and treatment conditions, does the material swell, disperse or dissolve, and how was that distinction verified?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "dispersion-dissolution-and-forming-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence supports the proposed fibrillation, forming or regeneration operation and its expected effect on the resulting cellulose?", "kind": "action", "id": "dispersion-dissolution-and-forming-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "conversion-and-suitability", "name": "Conversion and suitability", "description": "Relates intended chemical transformations and use requirements to the characterised material.", "findings": [ { "id": "operation-specific-decision", "name": "Operation-specific decision", "description": "Records the conditions and evidence needed to select a lot or transform its chemical identity.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which measured properties meet the intended operation's requirements, and which unmeasured properties prevent a suitability decision?", "kind": "action", "id": "operation-specific-decision-q01" }, { "text": "If hydrolysis or chemical modification is proposed, what product identity and extent of conversion would move the output beyond this cellulose model?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "operation-specific-decision-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Native cellulose I (triclinic Iα in many algae and bacteria; monoclinic Iβ in higher plants)", "Regenerated or mercerized cellulose II (viscose, lyocell, NaOH-treated fibres)", "Cellulose III and IV (ammonia- or heat-converted allomorphs, mainly process intermediates)", "Microcrystalline cellulose (acid-hydrolyzed, high-crystallinity particles used as MCC/Avicel)", "Powdered cellulose (mechanically ground, food-grade E 460(ii))", "Nanocellulose: cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) and cellulose nanofibrils (CNF)", "Bacterial (microbial) cellulose, including nata de coco pellicles", "Dissolving-grade / high-α-cellulose pulps versus paper-grade kraft or sulphite pulps" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of cellulose this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Wikidata", "value_or_pattern": "Q80294", "note": "Item for the polymer cellulose." }, { "scheme": "CAS Registry Number", "value_or_pattern": "9004-34-6", "note": "Unmodified cellulose; derivatives have separate CAS numbers." }, { "scheme": "EC (EINECS)", "value_or_pattern": "232-674-9", "note": "Matches CAS 9004-34-6." }, { "scheme": "ChEBI", "value_or_pattern": "CHEBI:3516", "note": "Cellulose as a poly(β-D-glucose)." }, { "scheme": "UNII (FDA SRS)", "value_or_pattern": "SMD1X3XO9M", "note": "Cellulose; MCC and grades have additional UNII codes." }, { "scheme": "EU food additive / Codex INS", "value_or_pattern": "E 460 / INS 460", "note": "E 460(i) microcrystalline cellulose; E 460(ii) powdered cellulose." }, { "scheme": "IUPAC polysaccharide name", "value_or_pattern": "(1→4)-β-D-glucan", "note": "Unsubstituted cellulose; substituted chains are named as cellulose derivatives." }, { "scheme": "INCI", "value_or_pattern": "Cellulose", "note": "Cosmetic ingredient name for unmodified cellulose powders and fibres." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of cellulose this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "ISO 5351:2010 Pulps - limiting viscosity number in cupri-ethylenediamine (CED) solution (International Organization for Standardization)", "TAPPI T 203 Alpha-, beta- and gamma-cellulose in pulp (TAPPI)", "ASTM D1695 Standard Terminology Relating to Cellulose and Cellulose Derivatives (ASTM International)", "ASTM C739 Standard Specification for Cellulosic Fiber Loose-Fill Thermal Insulation (ASTM International)", "European Pharmacopoeia monographs 0315 Cellulose, powdered and 0316 Cellulose, microcrystalline (EDQM)", "USP-NF monograph Microcrystalline Cellulose (United States Pharmacopeial Convention)", "Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008 on food additives, E 460, with purity specs in Commission Regulation (EU) No 231/2012 (European Union)", "JECFA specifications for microcrystalline cellulose and powdered cellulose (FAO/WHO)" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of cellulose this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Papermaking and paperboard from wood, cotton linters, recovered fibre and non-wood pulps", "Textiles as native cotton/linen/ramie and as regenerated fibres (viscose, modal, lyocell)", "Pharmaceutical tablets: microcrystalline cellulose as binder, filler and disintegrant", "Food: insoluble fibre, anti-caking and bodying agent (E 460); bacterial cellulose eaten as nata de coco", "Building: loose-fill and sprayed cellulose fibre insulation", "Films and membranes: cellophane, dialysis tubing, and medical dressings from bacterial cellulose", "Feedstock for derivatives (cellulose acetate, nitrate, ethers such as CMC) used in coatings, explosives, thickeners and cigarette filters", "Nanocellulose in composites, rheology modifiers, barriers and filtration media" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of cellulose this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Degree of polymerization (native cotton)", "typical_range": "10000-15000", "unit": "anhydroglucose units" }, { "quantity": "Degree of polymerization (bleached wood pulp)", "typical_range": "300-1700", "unit": "anhydroglucose units" }, { "quantity": "Degree of polymerization (microcrystalline cellulose)", "typical_range": "150-300", "unit": "anhydroglucose units" }, { "quantity": "Crystallinity index (plant cellulose I)", "typical_range": "40-80", "unit": "%" }, { "quantity": "Density of crystalline cellulose I", "typical_range": "1.5-1.6", "unit": "g·cm⁻³" }, { "quantity": "Equilibrium moisture (cotton, ~65% RH)", "typical_range": "7-8", "unit": "% mass" }, { "quantity": "Onset of thermal decomposition in air", "typical_range": "260-350", "unit": "°C" }, { "quantity": "Axial crystal modulus of cellulose Iβ", "typical_range": "100-140", "unit": "GPa" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of cellulose this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of β-(1→4) linkages, collapsing DP and strength (acid pulping, sour papers, gastric/process acids)", "Enzymatic depolymerization by cellulases in decay, composting and biofuel saccharification", "Flaming combustion and pyrolysis; fine cellulose dust is an explosion hazard", "Hygroscopic swelling and shrinkage, with loss of dimensional stability in paper, textiles and wood products", "Mould and bacterial decay of damp cellulose insulation, books and textiles", "Photo-oxidation and acid-catalyzed yellowing of paper, especially when residual lignin is present", "Occupational respiratory disease from cotton dust (byssinosis) and irritant dust from powdered cellulose", "Poor interfacial adhesion in untreated cellulose-hydrophobic-polymer composites, causing moisture-driven property loss" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of cellulose this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Feedstock: Nordic and North American kraft softwood; Brazilian eucalyptus; Chinese bamboo, straw and recovered fibre; cotton linters for dissolving pulp in the US, China and India", "Food naming: EU E 460(i)/(ii) versus US ingredient lists as microcrystalline cellulose or powdered cellulose; SE Asian nata de coco is eaten bacterial cellulose", "Textiles: cotton concentrated in China, India, the US and Brazil; viscose historically European; lyocell strongly associated with Austrian production", "Paper tradition: Japanese washi from bast celluloses (kōzo, mitsumata, gampi) versus wood-pulp papers elsewhere", "α-/β-/γ-cellulose is a pulp-analytical language (TAPPI) used in mill practice, not a botanical classification" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of cellulose this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Hemicelluloses (xylans, mannans, glucomannans)", "difference": "Hemicelluloses are branched, lower-DP heteroglycans and dissolve in 17.5% NaOH; α-cellulose is the alkali-insoluble residue (TAPPI T 203)." }, { "name": "Starch (amylose/amylopectin)", "difference": "Starch is an α-(1→4)/(1→6)-D-glucan: it gives a blue-black iodine complex and is amylase-labile; cellulose does neither and is cellulase-labile." }, { "name": "Chitin", "difference": "Chitin is (1→4)-β-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine; nitrogen analysis and amide IR bands (~1650/1550 cm⁻¹) separate it from cellulose (C2-OH, no amide)." }, { "name": "Lignin", "difference": "Lignin is an aromatic polymer remaining as Klason (acid-insoluble) residue; cellulose reports in holocellulose and lacks the UV/IR aromatic signature of lignin." }, { "name": "Cellulose acetate and other esters", "difference": "Esters show a carbonyl IR band near 1740 cm⁻¹, dissolve in ketones or other organic solvents, and saponify back to cellulose; unmodified cellulose does not." }, { "name": "Regenerated cellulose versus native cotton", "difference": "Wide-angle XRD: cellulose II (regenerated/mercerized) versus cellulose I (native); light microscopy shows viscose striations versus cotton convolutions." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of cellulose this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "What registry boundary should distinguish lightly oxidised or surface-modified cellulose from independently modelled cellulose derivatives?", "Which analytical methods and confidence criteria are sufficient to establish cellulose identity in mixed or heavily processed samples?", "How should degree-of-polymerisation and crystallinity results from different methods be compared without implying false equivalence?", "Which measured dimensions and preparation criteria should govern physical-form labels where commercial terminology overlaps?", "Which application-specific evidence is required to turn moisture, contamination and degradation observations into actionable suitability limits?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 18, "questions": 28 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "chemical substance or material", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a cellulose, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to recognise cellulose, assess the condition and suitability of a particular material, and identify handling or transformation options supported by evidence.", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "natural", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "varies" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured", "consumed or used up" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: cellulose phosphate, bedding, regenerated cellulose, powdered cellulose, bacterial cellulose, microbial cellulose, alpha cellulose, cat litter, azlon.", "9 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 93 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a cellulose, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Mobility varies between examples.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state", "use it up, and then need more of it" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Not recognisable by sight in any reliable way. Appearance varies with grade, form and additives; identification is by label, by documentation, or by assay." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "cellulose phosphate", "bedding", "regenerated cellulose", "powdered cellulose", "bacterial cellulose", "microbial cellulose", "alpha cellulose", "cat litter", "azlon" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 93 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 9 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one cellulose from another, and a cellulose from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a cellulose, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a cellulose, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a cellulose is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a cellulose, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a cellulose, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a cellulose is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a cellulose sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a cellulose, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a cellulose, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a cellulose is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a cellulose from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a cellulose, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a cellulose, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a cellulose is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a cellulose is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a cellulose, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a cellulose, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a cellulose is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a cellulose is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a cellulose, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a cellulose, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a cellulose is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a cellulose is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a cellulose, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a cellulose, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a cellulose is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a cellulose is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a cellulose is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a cellulose, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a cellulose, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a cellulose is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a cellulose is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a cellulose, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a cellulose, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a cellulose is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a cellulose passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a cellulose between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a cellulose, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a cellulose, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a cellulose is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a cellulose, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a cellulose is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a cellulose, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a cellulose, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a cellulose is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "use-and-operation", "name": "Use and operation", "description": "What can be done with a cellulose and what it takes to do it.", "rationale": "An agent that can recognise a thing but not act on it has only half a model.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-use", "name": "Intended use and function", "description": "What a cellulose is for, and what it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-and-purpose", "name": "Function, purpose and misuse", "description": "The function a cellulose performs and the uses that fall outside it.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-and-purpose-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the use of a cellulose, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "function-and-purpose-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the use of a cellulose, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "function-and-purpose-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the use of a cellulose is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "handling-and-procedure", "name": "Handling and procedure", "description": "The steps, skills and tools involved in using a cellulose.", "findings": [ { "id": "procedures-and-skills", "name": "Procedures, skills and required tools", "description": "What an agent needs before it can act on a cellulose at all.", "questions": [ { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes handling a cellulose, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about handling a cellulose, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once handling a cellulose is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "supply-and-consumption", "name": "Supply and consumption", "description": "Quantities, rates and what running out means.", "findings": [ { "id": "consumption-and-stock", "name": "Consumption, stock and replenishment", "description": "How much of a cellulose there is and how fast it goes.", "questions": [ { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the supply of a cellulose, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the supply of a cellulose, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the supply of a cellulose is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "composition-and-identity", "name": "Composition, grade and chemical identity", "description": "What cellulose is made of and how pure the thing in hand is.", "rationale": "Grade decides what a substance may be used for, so a model that records only the name cannot support any decision about use.", "layers": [ { "id": "chemical-identity", "name": "Chemical identity", "description": "Formula, structure and the registry numbers that name it unambiguously.", "findings": [ { "id": "identity-record", "name": "Identity and registry numbers", "description": "What identifies this substance across suppliers and regulators.", "questions": [ { "id": "identity-record-q01", "text": "What formula, structure and registry identifiers name cellulose unambiguously?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "identity-record-q02", "text": "Which related substances share a name in common use but not an identifier?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "grade-and-impurities", "name": "Grade, purity and impurities", "description": "The specification a batch meets and what else is in it.", "findings": [ { "id": "specification", "name": "Specification and assay", "description": "How purity is stated and measured, and which impurities matter.", "questions": [ { "id": "specification-q01", "text": "What grades of cellulose exist, how is purity assayed, and which impurities are limited?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "specification-q02", "text": "Which use requires which grade, and what happens when a lower grade is substituted?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "properties-and-behaviour", "name": "Properties and behaviour", "description": "How cellulose behaves under conditions an agent can measure or change.", "rationale": "Physical constants are the part of a substance model that transfers between contexts, and each needs its unit and its conditions.", "layers": [ { "id": "physical-constants", "name": "Physical constants", "description": "Values that hold for the pure substance, with their conditions.", "findings": [ { "id": "constants-record", "name": "Constants and conditions", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the state they apply in.", "questions": [ { "id": "constants-record-q01", "text": "What are the defining physical constants of cellulose, in what units and under what conditions?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "constants-record-q02", "text": "Which of these values change with grade or form rather than being fixed?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "stability-and-reactivity", "name": "Stability and reactivity", "description": "What it reacts with, degrades into, and how it is stored.", "findings": [ { "id": "incompatibilities", "name": "Incompatibilities and degradation", "description": "What must not meet it, and what it becomes over time.", "questions": [ { "id": "incompatibilities-q01", "text": "What is cellulose incompatible with, and what does it degrade into under storage?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "incompatibilities-q02", "text": "What storage and handling does that require, and who is competent to do it?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "hazard-and-regulation", "name": "Hazard classification and regulation", "description": "How cellulose can harm, and what the law says about holding and moving it.", "rationale": "A substance model without its hazard class and its regulatory identity is unusable in exactly the situations that matter.", "layers": [ { "id": "hazard-class", "name": "Hazard classification", "description": "Classified hazards, exposure limits and protective measures.", "findings": [ { "id": "classified-hazards", "name": "Classified hazards and limits", "description": "The classification, the scheme it belongs to, and the limits set.", "questions": [ { "id": "classified-hazards-q01", "text": "How is cellulose classified for hazard, under which scheme, and what exposure limits apply?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "classified-hazards-q02", "text": "What protection does handling require, and what must an agent refuse to do without it?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "regulatory-identity", "name": "Regulatory identity and control", "description": "Registration, restriction and transport rules by jurisdiction.", "findings": [ { "id": "controls", "name": "Controls and jurisdiction", "description": "Where it is restricted and what the restriction attaches to.", "questions": [ { "id": "controls-q01", "text": "Which registrations, restrictions or transport rules cover cellulose, and where?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "controls-q02", "text": "Does the control attach to the substance, its concentration, or its intended use?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a cellulose came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a cellulose and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a cellulose, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a cellulose, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a cellulose is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a cellulose is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a cellulose, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a cellulose, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a cellulose is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 9, "layers": 20, "findings": 22, "questions": 60 } } } }