{ "model": { "rank": 4750, "code": "thing-q8047551", "model_id": "vr.tr.yam", "name": "yam", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise a yam plant, distinguish its taxonomic and cultivated identity, assess its living state, and select appropriate cultivation, propagation or identification actions.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.LIV", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q8047551/", "tier": 2, "score": 73, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "Yam Dumpling", "Dioscorea trifida" ], "aliasCount": 2, "merged": 2, "knownIn": 73, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": "vr.tr.yam", "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q8047551", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8047551", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T20:55:29Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 21.7, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a087f3-6bd4-7900-b666-3baa63d34249\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: yam\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: PHY.LIV\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 1001 things:\n# Batch 005: 1001 registered ", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 57.7, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a087f3-6bcb-70b1-884e-88ec8e766280\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: yam\nRegistry id: vr.tr.yam\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.LIV\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\n\nContext for this" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q8047551", "registryId": "vr.tr.yam", "name": "yam", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.LIV" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q8047551/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.yam", "name": "yam", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise a yam plant, distinguish its taxonomic and cultivated identity, assess its living state, and select appropriate cultivation, propagation or identification actions.", "definition": "Yam is a common name for several species of tuber-producing flowering plants in the genus Dioscorea, family Dioscoreaceae, especially those cultivated for their starchy underground tubers.", "scope_statement": "This model owns yam as a common-name grouping of living Dioscorea plants, including individuals, populations and cultivated accessions; it does not assume that yam denotes one species or that every plant called yam belongs here.", "in_scope": [ "Identification of a yam plant and resolution of its common name to a supported taxon", "Distinction between species, cultivar, accession, population and individual plant", "Vine, leaf, underground storage organ and aerial bulbil characteristics where present", "Growth, dormancy, flowering and vegetative regeneration", "Habitat, geographic occurrence, cultivation conditions and plant health", "Propagation suitability and constraints on collecting or moving living material" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Sweet potato and other unrelated plants marketed or locally named yam", "Harvested yam as a food commodity, ingredient or prepared dish", "Extracted starches, chemicals and medicinal products", "Farm businesses, land ownership and agricultural supply chains", "Diseases and pest organisms as independently modelled entities", "Recipes and processing procedures for making particular yams edible" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Botanical evidence must support placement in Dioscorea; a market label reading yam is insufficient.", "Sweet potato belongs to Ipomoea, so its similar edible underground organs do not establish yam identity.", "Twining habit, leaf arrangement and venation, stem features and storage organs must be evaluated together; no single tuber shape identifies all yams.", "Aerial bulbils can support identification for some yams, but their absence does not exclude a plant from the grouping.", "A living propagule capable of regeneration must be distinguished from a harvested commodity whose viability and botanical provenance are unknown." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Taxonomic identification", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Supported Dioscorea taxon; accepted name, authority, taxonomic source, source date and identification confidence", "why_it_matters": "Yam is not one species, and species identity changes the interpretation of growth, propagation and use." }, { "name": "Entity level", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Taxon | population | cultivar | accession | individual | living propagule", "why_it_matters": "Prevents species-level assessments and cultivar traits from being asserted as observations of an individual." }, { "name": "Vegetative diagnostic characters", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Observed leaf arrangement and shape, venation, stem wings or prickles, climbing habit and twining direction under a stated viewing convention", "why_it_matters": "Provides evidence for identification when flowers or mature underground organs are unavailable." }, { "name": "Storage and propagation organs", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Observed underground organ type, number and shape; aerial bulbils present | absent | not assessed", "why_it_matters": "Supports identification and determines which propagation actions may be appropriate." }, { "name": "Growth stage", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Dormant | sprouting | vine establishment | active growth | flowering | fruiting | senescing; stages may overlap", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes expected seasonal changes from deterioration and helps time interventions." }, { "name": "Observed sexual expression", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Male flowers | female flowers | both observed | flowering without determination | not flowering | unknown", "why_it_matters": "Supports assessment of sexual reproduction without assuming that sex can be inferred from vegetative appearance." }, { "name": "Growing environment", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Temperature in °C, soil pH, soil moisture with stated method, and light exposure with stated measure", "why_it_matters": "Allows observed conditions to be compared with evidence for the identified species or cultivar." }, { "name": "Plant health and propagule viability", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Observed symptoms, tissue firmness, lesions, rot, sprout condition and viability assessment with method and date", "why_it_matters": "Informs care and movement decisions without treating symptoms as a confirmed diagnosis." }, { "name": "Occurrence and conservation context", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Location, wild or cultivated origin, locally supported native or introduced status, and taxon-specific conservation assessment with date", "why_it_matters": "Separates the condition of one plant from population conservation and local establishment risks." } ], "affordances": [ "Identify a yam using documented characters and flag cases requiring expert determination.", "Monitor vine growth, storage-organ development and seasonal dormancy.", "Select a species-appropriate propagation route using viable, traceable planting material.", "Adjust growing support, moisture and other cultivation conditions against taxon-specific evidence.", "Inspect symptomatic plants and route uncertain health findings for diagnosis.", "Check provenance and local constraints before collecting, transferring or planting living yam material." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "yam-identity-and-reference-level", "name": "Yam identity and reference level", "description": "Resolve what yam names and botanical evidence identify, and what biological entity an observation concerns.", "rationale": "The common name spans multiple species and can also be applied to unrelated crops.", "layers": [ { "id": "common-name-and-taxon-resolution", "name": "Common name and taxon resolution", "description": "Connect local naming and diagnostic evidence to a supported botanical identification.", "findings": [ { "id": "supported-dioscorea-identification", "name": "Supported Dioscorea identification", "description": "Record the evidence supporting Dioscorea placement and any narrower identification, preserving unresolved alternatives.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which observed leaf, stem, climbing, floral and storage-organ characters support the identification rather than sweet potato or another locally named yam?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "supported-dioscorea-identification-q01" }, { "text": "Which taxonomic reference supports the accepted name and authority, and which GBIF or NCBI identifiers can be matched to that exact taxon?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "supported-dioscorea-identification-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "individual-population-and-cultivar", "name": "Individual, population and cultivar", "description": "Keep the observed plant distinct from its taxon, cultivated lineage and source population.", "findings": [ { "id": "identity-at-the-correct-level", "name": "Identity at the correct level", "description": "Associate each claim with an individual, propagule, accession, cultivar, population or taxon.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does this record describe one growing plant, a planting tuber, a cultivated accession, a population or a taxon?", "kind": "definition", "id": "identity-at-the-correct-level-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence links the plant to its claimed cultivar or accession, and is its local name being mistaken for a formally established identity?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "identity-at-the-correct-level-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "yam-body-and-seasonal-state", "name": "Yam body and seasonal state", "description": "Describe the climbing shoot and storage organs in relation to the plant's current growth cycle.", "rationale": "Above-ground decline, underground survival and renewed sprouting must be interpreted together.", "layers": [ { "id": "vine-and-storage-organ-observation", "name": "Vine and storage-organ observation", "description": "Capture diagnostic and functional features without assuming every yam has the same architecture.", "findings": [ { "id": "observed-yam-architecture", "name": "Observed yam architecture", "description": "Document the vine, leaves, underground organs and any aerial bulbils using explicit observation methods.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are the observed stem features, leaf arrangement and twining direction, and how was the viewing direction defined?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "observed-yam-architecture-q01" }, { "text": "Which underground storage organs or aerial bulbils are actually observed, and what remains unknown because excavation would damage the plant?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "observed-yam-architecture-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "growth-dormancy-and-regeneration", "name": "Growth, dormancy and regeneration", "description": "Interpret shoot activity and storage-organ condition across the seasonal cycle.", "findings": [ { "id": "seasonal-state-with-viability-evidence", "name": "Seasonal state with viability evidence", "description": "Distinguish expected senescence or dormancy from loss of viability using the plant's history and taxon-specific evidence.", "questions": [ { "text": "What observations and dates establish sprouting, active vine growth, storage-organ development or senescence for this plant?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "seasonal-state-with-viability-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence distinguishes a viable dormant yam from a dead or rotting storage organ before watering, disposal or replanting?", "kind": "action", "id": "seasonal-state-with-viability-evidence-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "yam-reproduction-and-planting-material", "name": "Yam reproduction and planting material", "description": "Assess sexual reproduction and vegetative multiplication for the identified yam.", "rationale": "Flowering behaviour and usable propagation organs vary, while vegetative planting material carries lineage and health history.", "layers": [ { "id": "flowering-and-sexual-reproduction", "name": "Flowering and sexual reproduction", "description": "Record reproductive observations without assigning unobserved sex or fertility.", "findings": [ { "id": "observed-reproductive-capacity", "name": "Observed reproductive capacity", "description": "Separate flowering, sexual expression, fruit formation and demonstrated seed viability.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which flowers and sexual expression have actually been observed on this plant, and during which growth cycle?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "observed-reproductive-capacity-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence establishes compatible flowering partners, pollination and viable seed production for this taxon or accession?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "observed-reproductive-capacity-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "vegetative-propagation-and-traceability", "name": "Vegetative propagation and traceability", "description": "Connect planting material to an appropriate propagation method and documented parent stock.", "findings": [ { "id": "suitable-traceable-propagules", "name": "Suitable, traceable propagules", "description": "Evaluate whether available organs can regenerate and whether their identity and health are sufficiently established.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which propagation method is supported for this identified yam, and does the proposed tuber, tuber portion or bulbil meet its viability requirements?", "kind": "action", "id": "suitable-traceable-propagules-q01" }, { "text": "Which parent plant or accession supplied the material, and what inspection or testing supports its recorded health status?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "suitable-traceable-propagules-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "yam-environment-health-and-stewardship", "name": "Yam environment, health and stewardship", "description": "Relate growing conditions and symptoms to care, occurrence and movement decisions.", "rationale": "Appropriate treatment depends on yam identity, seasonal state and local ecological context.", "layers": [ { "id": "growing-conditions-and-health-response", "name": "Growing conditions and health response", "description": "Assess the root environment, climbing support and symptoms against the identified plant's needs.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-based-yam-care", "name": "Condition-based yam care", "description": "Use measured conditions and symptom history to choose interventions while preserving diagnostic uncertainty.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do soil moisture, drainage, temperature, light and available climbing support compare with documented requirements for this yam and growth stage?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "condition-based-yam-care-q01" }, { "text": "Do vine yellowing, poor growth or storage-organ lesions warrant a cultivation adjustment, isolation or diagnostic sampling, and what evidence supports that choice?", "kind": "action", "id": "condition-based-yam-care-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "range-conservation-and-movement", "name": "Range, conservation and movement", "description": "Separate local occurrence and collection history from taxon-wide status and planting constraints.", "findings": [ { "id": "place-specific-stewardship", "name": "Place-specific stewardship", "description": "Anchor conservation and movement decisions to an identified taxon, a location and dated evidence.", "questions": [ { "text": "What sources establish this taxon's native range, local occurrence status and any IUCN assessment category and year, without treating an unassessed yam as secure?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "place-specific-stewardship-q01" }, { "text": "What collection, plant-health or invasive-species constraints apply before this living yam or its bulbils and tubers are collected, moved or planted at the destination?", "kind": "action", "id": "place-specific-stewardship-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "With no recorded sense, this entry interprets 'yam' as true yam plants, not sweet potatoes or a single species.", "Verify species authorities, native ranges and database identifiers before creating species-level records; common names and cultivated group boundaries vary.", "Life history, sexual characteristics, toxicity and conservation assessments must be resolved by species; no single IUCN status or assessment year applies to this grouping." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of yam this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "White Guinea yam (Dioscorea rotundata)", "Yellow Guinea yam (Dioscorea cayenensis)", "Greater or water yam (Dioscorea alata)", "Lesser yam (Dioscorea esculenta)", "Chinese yam (Dioscorea polystachya)", "Trifoliate yam (Dioscorea dumetorum)" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of yam this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN)", "value_or_pattern": "Dioscorea L.; species identified by binomial names", "note": "The genus includes plants beyond cultivated food yams; 'yam' does not identify one species." }, { "scheme": "GBIF taxon key", "value_or_pattern": "Numeric identifier for a taxon record", "note": "Resolve the species before assigning a key." }, { "scheme": "NCBI Taxonomy TaxID", "value_or_pattern": "Numeric taxonomic identifier", "note": "Species-specific identifiers require verification; no single species identifier represents all yams." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of yam this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Cultivation as a staple carbohydrate crop.", "Cooking tubers by boiling, steaming, roasting or frying, with preparation requirements depending on species.", "Processing tubers into flour or pounded foods.", "Vegetative propagation using tubers, tuber pieces or, in some species, bulbils.", "Use in harvest festivals, gifts and ceremonial exchanges in some societies." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of yam this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Some species and wild forms contain toxic or irritating compounds; edibility and safe preparation cannot be inferred from the common name.", "Misidentification can confuse edible cultivated yams with toxic wild Dioscorea species.", "Viruses can accumulate through repeated vegetative propagation.", "Nematode damage and fungal or bacterial rots can reduce yield and storage quality.", "Some introduced Dioscorea species can become invasive." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of yam this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "White and yellow Guinea yams are particularly associated with West African cultivation and food traditions.", "Dioscorea alata is widely cultivated across tropical regions, including Asia, the Pacific and the Caribbean.", "In North American food marketing, 'yam' may denote a sweet potato rather than a Dioscorea plant." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of yam this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Sweet potato", "difference": "Ipomoea batatas belongs to Convolvulaceae and produces storage roots; true yams belong to Dioscoreaceae and produce tubers." }, { "name": "Potato", "difference": "Solanum tuberosum is a solanaceous plant with stem tubers, outside the genus Dioscorea." }, { "name": "Dioscorea", "difference": "Dioscorea is a botanical genus; 'yam' is a common-name grouping whose scope varies and often emphasizes cultivated edible species." }, { "name": "Yam tuber", "difference": "The tuber is an organ harvested from the plant; this entry describes the plants rather than the harvested food product." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of yam this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does vr.tr.yam intend the broad Dioscorea common-name grouping, only cultivated food-yam species, or a narrower taxon in its originating registry source?", "Which species and regional common-name usages must be recognised, and which accepted names, authorities, GBIF identifiers and NCBI identifiers resolve them?", "Which diagnostic characters reliably distinguish the intended yam species when flowers or underground organs cannot be examined?", "Which species- or cultivar-specific evidence establishes dormancy, reproductive behaviour, propagation methods and environmental requirements?", "Which native-range, conservation, health and local movement references apply once the taxon and location are known?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 5, "layers": 9, "findings": 15, "questions": 23 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "organism", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a yam, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an agent to recognise a yam plant, distinguish its taxonomic and cultivated identity, assess its living state, and select appropriate cultivation, propagation or identification actions.", "characteristics": { "substance": "living", "origin": "natural", "agency": "autonomous", "mobility": "self-moving" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: Yam Dumpling, Dioscorea trifida.", "2 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 73 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a yam, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "a living thing", "physicalCharacter": [ "Moves under its own power or of its own accord.", "Acts on its own behalf.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by diagnostic characters, and those differ by life stage - the young of many kinds are mistaken for other kinds entirely. A sighting is settled by characters, a photograph and a place, not by a name alone." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "Yam Dumpling", "Dioscorea trifida" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 73 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 2 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one yam from another, and a yam from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a yam, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a yam, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a yam is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a yam, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a yam, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a yam is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a yam sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a yam, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a yam, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a yam is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a yam from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a yam, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a yam, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a yam is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a yam is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a yam, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a yam, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a yam is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Anatomy, parts and life stage.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and life stages", "description": "The parts of a yam and the stages it passes through.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a yam, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a yam, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a yam is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a yam is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a yam, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a yam, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a yam is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a yam is, how it got there and where it may go (self-moving).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a yam is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a yam, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a yam, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a yam is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a yam moves on its own.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a yam, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a yam, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a yam is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a yam passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a yam between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a yam, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a yam, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a yam is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a yam, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a yam is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a yam, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a yam, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a yam is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "taxonomic-placement", "name": "Taxonomic placement and identification", "description": "What yam is called scientifically, by whose authority, and how a specimen is recognised.", "rationale": "Names change with revisions while the organism does not, so a name without its authority and date cannot be reconciled later.", "layers": [ { "id": "accepted-name", "name": "Accepted name and synonymy", "description": "The current binomial, its author and date, and the names it replaced.", "findings": [ { "id": "name-and-authority", "name": "Accepted name, authority and synonyms", "description": "What to record so a later revision can be applied without losing the old data.", "questions": [ { "id": "name-and-authority-q01", "text": "What is the accepted scientific name of yam, with its author and year, and which synonyms does it absorb?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "name-and-authority-q02", "text": "Which taxonomic authority is being followed, and what would a competing authority say?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "field-identification", "name": "Field identification", "description": "The characters that separate yam from what it is confused with.", "findings": [ { "id": "diagnostic-characters", "name": "Diagnostic characters and confusable kinds", "description": "Features that settle an identification, and those that only suggest it.", "questions": [ { "id": "diagnostic-characters-q01", "text": "Which observable characters distinguish yam from its closest look-alikes, and at which life stage are they visible?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "diagnostic-characters-q02", "text": "What evidence is enough to record an identification as confirmed rather than provisional?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "life-cycle-and-condition", "name": "Life stages, condition and behaviour", "description": "What yam does over its life and how its state is judged.", "rationale": "Stage and condition change what may be done - handled, treated, harvested, left alone - and both are observations with a time.", "layers": [ { "id": "stages-and-reproduction", "name": "Stages and reproduction", "description": "Development from origin to death, including forms that look like different animals.", "findings": [ { "id": "life-stages", "name": "Life stages and their marks", "description": "The stages worth recording and what tells them apart.", "questions": [ { "id": "life-stages-q01", "text": "What stages does yam pass through, and what observable change marks each transition?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "life-stages-q02", "text": "Which stages are so unlike the adult that they are mistaken for another kind?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "health-and-condition", "name": "Health and condition", "description": "How condition is assessed and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition assessment", "description": "Signs of health, injury and stress, and who is competent to judge them.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "How is the condition of yam judged, on what scale, and by whom?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "What condition obliges an agent to act, and what act is permitted to whom?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "range-and-status", "name": "Habitat, range and conservation status", "description": "Where yam lives and how threatened it is.", "rationale": "Range and status govern what is lawful, and both are assessments with an assessor and a year rather than facts of nature.", "layers": [ { "id": "habitat-and-range", "name": "Habitat and range", "description": "Native range, introductions and the habitat it needs.", "findings": [ { "id": "range-record", "name": "Range, introductions and habitat", "description": "What to record about where it is found and how it got there.", "questions": [ { "id": "range-record-q01", "text": "What is the native range of yam, where has it been introduced, and what habitat does it require?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "range-record-q02", "text": "What distinguishes a native record from an introduced or vagrant one?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "protection-status", "name": "Protection and legal status", "description": "Conservation assessments and the rules that follow from them.", "findings": [ { "id": "status-and-rules", "name": "Conservation status and legal consequence", "description": "The assessment, its date, and what it forbids or requires where.", "questions": [ { "id": "status-and-rules-q01", "text": "What conservation status does yam hold, under which assessment and year?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "status-and-rules-q02", "text": "What does that status forbid or require of an agent, and in which jurisdiction?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a yam came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a yam and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a yam, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a yam, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a yam is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a yam is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a yam, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a yam, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a yam is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }