{ "model": { "rank": 1598, "code": "thing-q8065", "model_id": "vr.tr.natural-disaster", "name": "natural disaster", "purpose": "Let an agent handle natural disasters by hazard type, location, impact and response, prioritising official warnings and verified information.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Cross-cutting context", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "XCT", "domain": "XCT.STA", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q8065/", "tier": 2, "score": 136, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "impact winter", "wildfire smoke", "water-related disaster", "sediment disaster", "heavy snow", "cold disaster", "crop failure", "earthquake disaster", "zud", "Debris flow (Murgang)", "flood disaster", "natural disaster in Japan", "landslide", "impact event", "weather anomaly", "locust plague", "meteorological disaster", "volcanic eruption", "limnic eruption", "flood damage", "Tōhoku crop failure", "shallow landslide", "deep-seated landslide", "glacier collapse", "mudflow", "bog slide", "rockslide", "collapse of slope", "sturzstrom", "submarine landslide", "landslide damming in Nepal", "lunar impact", "Impact events on Jupiter", "historic eruptions of Mount Fuji", "phreatic eruption", "2021-2022 Hunga Tonga–Hunga Haʻapai eruption series", "Volcanic eruptions of Sakurajima", "lateral eruption", "paroxysmal eruption", "magmatic eruption" ], "aliasCount": 52, "merged": 53, "knownIn": 136, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q8065", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8065", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-11T05:35:33Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 1, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q8065", "registryId": "vr.tr.natural-disaster", "name": "natural disaster", "version": "0.2.0-wave.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "XCT.STA" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q8065/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.natural-disaster", "name": "natural disaster", "purpose": "Let an agent handle natural disasters by hazard type, location, impact and response, prioritising official warnings and verified information.", "definition": "A major adverse event resulting from natural processes, such as earthquakes, floods, storms, droughts, wildfires, volcanic eruptions or heavy snow, causing loss of life, damage and disruption.", "what_it_is_for": "Understanding, preparing for and responding to disasters.", "affordances": [ "prepare and reduce risk", "warn and evacuate", "respond and provide aid", "recover and rebuild" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Triggered by natural hazards", "Disaster results from hazard meeting exposure and vulnerability", "Declared and managed by authorities", "Misinformation spreads quickly during events" ], "appearance": "Damaged buildings, flooded areas, fires, ash clouds, collapsed infrastructure and emergency response.", "visual_identification": [ "Official declarations and alerts", "Disaster ids such as GLIDE numbers", "Unverified images circulate during disasters" ], "physical_properties": [], "families_and_kinds": [ "geophysical: earthquakes, volcanoes, tsunamis", "hydrological: floods, landslides", "meteorological: storms, heavy snow, cold disasters", "climatological: droughts, wildfires", "extraterrestrial: impact events" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "has kind", "target": "flood and conflagration", "why": "examples" }, { "relation": "is caused by", "target": "hazard", "why": "natural hazard" }, { "relation": "is managed by", "target": "disaster risk reduction", "why": "field" }, { "relation": "produces", "target": "consequence", "why": "impacts" } ], "identifiers": [ { "scheme": "GLIDE number", "value_or_pattern": "hazard code plus year plus number", "note": "disaster events" }, { "scheme": "EM-DAT id", "value_or_pattern": "numeric", "note": "disaster database" } ], "standards_and_regulation": [ "Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction", "National civil protection law", "International humanitarian principles" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Misinformation and unverified casualty numbers", "Ignoring evacuation orders", "Aid scams", "Secondary hazards such as disease" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "event", "name": "Event", "description": "What happened where.", "rationale": "Event basics first.", "layers": [ { "id": "hazard", "name": "Hazard", "description": "Type.", "findings": [ { "id": "hazard-finding", "name": "Hazard", "description": "Hazard type.", "questions": [ { "text": "What type of hazard caused the disaster?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Where and when did it occur?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "scale", "name": "Scale", "description": "Magnitude.", "findings": [ { "id": "scale-finding", "name": "Scale", "description": "Magnitude and extent.", "questions": [ { "text": "How large was it, on which scale?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "text": "What area was affected?", "kind": "measurement" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "safety", "name": "Safety", "description": "Protecting people now.", "rationale": "Official instructions save lives.", "layers": [ { "id": "warnings", "name": "Warnings", "description": "Official alerts.", "findings": [ { "id": "warnings-finding", "name": "Warnings", "description": "Current alerts.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which official warnings or orders are in force?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "What should people do right now?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "help", "name": "Help", "description": "Emergency contacts.", "findings": [ { "id": "help-finding", "name": "Emergency help", "description": "Where to get help.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which emergency numbers and shelters apply?", "kind": "action" }, { "text": "How can people report they are safe?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "impact", "name": "Impact", "description": "Losses and needs.", "rationale": "Impact figures must be verified.", "layers": [ { "id": "losses", "name": "Losses", "description": "Casualties and damage.", "findings": [ { "id": "losses-finding", "name": "Losses", "description": "Verified losses.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are the verified casualties and damage, from which official source?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "How uncertain are they?", "kind": "measurement" } ] } ] }, { "id": "needs", "name": "Needs", "description": "Humanitarian needs.", "findings": [ { "id": "needs-finding", "name": "Needs", "description": "Needs assessment.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are the main humanitarian needs?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "text": "Which organisations are responding?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "recovery", "name": "Recovery", "description": "Rebuilding and prevention.", "rationale": "Recovery should reduce future risk.", "layers": [ { "id": "aid", "name": "Aid", "description": "Donations and scams.", "findings": [ { "id": "aid-finding", "name": "Aid", "description": "Safe giving.", "questions": [ { "text": "How can people donate safely?", "kind": "action" }, { "text": "Which appeals are verified?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "risk-reduction", "name": "Risk reduction", "description": "Building back better.", "findings": [ { "id": "risk-reduction-finding", "name": "Risk reduction", "description": "Future risk reduction.", "questions": [ { "text": "What measures will reduce future risk?", "kind": "action" }, { "text": "Who is responsible?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should disaster types be separate entries?", "How should agents verify live information?", "How should the registry link events to hazards?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a natural disaster, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent handle natural disasters by hazard type, location, impact and response, prioritising official warnings and verified information.", "characteristics": { "substance": "abstract", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: impact winter, wildfire smoke, water-related disaster, sediment disaster, heavy snow, cold disaster, crop failure, earthquake disaster, zud, Debris flow (Murgang), flood disaster, natural disaster in Japan.", "53 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 136 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a natural disaster, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "an abstraction with no physical instance", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "impact winter", "wildfire smoke", "water-related disaster", "sediment disaster", "heavy snow", "cold disaster", "crop failure", "earthquake disaster", "zud", "Debris flow (Murgang)", "flood disaster", "natural disaster in Japan" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 136 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 53 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one natural disaster from another, and a natural disaster from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a natural disaster, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a natural disaster, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a natural disaster is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a natural disaster, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a natural disaster, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a natural disaster is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a natural disaster sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a natural disaster, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a natural disaster, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a natural disaster is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a natural disaster from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a natural disaster, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a natural disaster, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a natural disaster is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a natural disaster passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a natural disaster between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a natural disaster, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a natural disaster, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a natural disaster is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a natural disaster, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a natural disaster is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a natural disaster, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a natural disaster, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a natural disaster is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What natural disaster is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of natural disaster are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is natural disaster operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of natural disaster and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of natural disaster?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as natural disaster?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a natural disaster came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a natural disaster and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a natural disaster, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a natural disaster, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a natural disaster is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a natural disaster is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a natural disaster, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a natural disaster, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a natural disaster is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 5, "layers": 10, "findings": 12, "questions": 32 } } } }