{ "model": { "rank": 2685, "code": "thing-q80831", "model_id": "vr.tr.integrated-circuit", "name": "integrated circuit", "purpose": "Let an agent explain integrated circuits by type and function, help identify and use chips from datasheets, describe manufacturing and supply chain at a general level, and support learning and repair.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.OBJ", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q80831/", "tier": 2, "score": 99, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "embedded Universal Flash Storage", "74595", "semiconductor memory", "MK484", "loudspeaker protection integrated circuit", "Motorola 56001", "142 series integrated circuits", "μA723", "521 series integrated circuits", "572 series integrated circuits", "554 series integrated circuits", "501 series integrated circuits", "1408 series integrated circuits", "130 series integrated circuits", "131 series integrated circuits", "133 series integrated circuits", "134 series integrated circuits", "136 series integrated circuits", "155 series integrated circuits", "158 series integrated circuits", "531 series integrated circuits", "533 series integrated circuits", "555 series integrated circuits", "1533 series integrated circuits", "559 series integrated circuits", "100 series integrated circuits", "293 series integrated circuits", "122 series integrated circuits", "101 series integrated circuits", "164 series integrated circuits", "176 series integrated circuits", "L293", "LAS1400 series", "TAA550", "TBA120", "LM339", "TDA2572", "1157 series integrated circuits", "190 series integrated circuits", "LM4562" ], "aliasCount": 577, "merged": 579, "knownIn": 99, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q80831", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80831", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-11T15:59:26Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 1, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q80831", "registryId": "vr.tr.integrated-circuit", "name": "integrated circuit", "version": "0.2.0-wave.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.OBJ" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q80831/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.integrated-circuit", "name": "integrated circuit", "purpose": "Let an agent explain integrated circuits by type and function, help identify and use chips from datasheets, describe manufacturing and supply chain at a general level, and support learning and repair.", "definition": "A set of electronic circuits fabricated on a single piece of semiconductor material, usually silicon, containing transistors, resistors and interconnections, from simple logic and analogue chips such as shift registers and radio receivers to microprocessors, memory and systems on a chip; integrated circuits are the foundation of modern electronics.", "what_it_is_for": "Electronics, computing and communications.", "affordances": [ "identify a chip from its markings", "read datasheets and pinouts", "explain IC types and manufacturing", "support design, repair and sourcing" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Circuits on one semiconductor die", "Miniaturised", "Digital, analogue or mixed", "Mass produced" ], "appearance": "Small packaged chips with pins or pads, marked with part numbers.", "visual_identification": [ "Package types such as DIP, SOIC and BGA", "Part number markings", "Discrete components are single devices" ], "physical_properties": [], "families_and_kinds": [ "logic and microcontroller chips", "memory chips", "analogue and power management chips", "radio and signal processing chips", "systems on a chip" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "semiconductor device", "why": "category" }, { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "electronic component", "why": "category" }, { "relation": "is related to", "target": "amperage", "why": "electrical ratings" }, { "relation": "is related to", "target": "computer programming", "why": "programmable chips" } ], "identifiers": [ { "scheme": "manufacturer part number", "value_or_pattern": "printed on the package", "note": "identification" } ], "standards_and_regulation": [ "JEDEC standards for packages and memory", "RoHS and REACH for materials", "Export control rules for advanced chips" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Counterfeit chips", "Electrostatic discharge damage", "Supply chain shortages" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identify", "name": "Identify", "description": "Which chip.", "rationale": "Markings and datasheets.", "layers": [ { "id": "markings", "name": "Markings", "description": "Reading markings.", "findings": [ { "id": "markings-finding", "name": "Markings", "description": "Markings.", "questions": [ { "text": "What does this part number identify, according to the manufacturer datasheet?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which package and pinout does it have?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "function", "name": "Function", "description": "What it does.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-finding", "name": "Function", "description": "Function.", "questions": [ { "text": "What function does the chip perform, such as a shift register, radio receiver or memory?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Which alternatives exist?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "use", "name": "Use", "description": "Design and repair.", "rationale": "Datasheets rule.", "layers": [ { "id": "design", "name": "Design", "description": "Using in a circuit.", "findings": [ { "id": "design-finding", "name": "Design", "description": "Design.", "questions": [ { "text": "What supply voltage, currents and external components does the datasheet require?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which application notes help?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "repair", "name": "Repair", "description": "Replacing chips.", "findings": [ { "id": "repair-finding", "name": "Repair", "description": "Repair.", "questions": [ { "text": "Can this chip be replaced, and is a substitute available?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "text": "Which precautions against static and heat apply?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "industry", "name": "Industry", "description": "Making and sourcing.", "rationale": "Global supply chains.", "layers": [ { "id": "manufacturing", "name": "Manufacturing", "description": "How chips are made.", "findings": [ { "id": "manufacturing-finding", "name": "Manufacturing", "description": "Manufacturing.", "questions": [ { "text": "How are integrated circuits fabricated, in general terms, and what do process nodes mean?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Which companies design and fabricate them?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "sourcing", "name": "Sourcing", "description": "Buying chips.", "findings": [ { "id": "sourcing-finding", "name": "Sourcing", "description": "Sourcing.", "questions": [ { "text": "How can genuine chips be sourced and counterfeits avoided?", "kind": "action" }, { "text": "Do export control rules apply to this part?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "learn", "name": "Learn", "description": "History and education.", "rationale": "A key invention.", "layers": [ { "id": "history", "name": "History", "description": "Invention.", "findings": [ { "id": "history-finding", "name": "History", "description": "History.", "questions": [ { "text": "Who invented the integrated circuit, and how did it develop, according to historians?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "What is Moore law?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "teach", "name": "Teach", "description": "Learning electronics.", "findings": [ { "id": "teach-finding", "name": "Teach", "description": "Learning.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which chips and kits suit beginners?", "kind": "action" }, { "text": "Which resources teach IC design?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should each chip family be a separate entry?", "How should datasheet sources be linked?", "How should export rules be tracked?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "device, machine or tool", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a integrated circuit, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent explain integrated circuits by type and function, help identify and use chips from datasheets, describe manufacturing and supply chain at a general level, and support learning and repair.", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "manufactured", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "varies" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: embedded Universal Flash Storage, 74595, semiconductor memory, MK484, loudspeaker protection integrated circuit, Motorola 56001, 142 series integrated circuits, μA723, 521 series integrated circuits, 572 series integrated circuits, 554 series integrated circuits, 501 series integrated circuits.", "579 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 99 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a integrated circuit, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Mobility varies between examples.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by form, by the arrangement of its controls, and by markings - a plate, a model number, a certification mark. Form alone rarely separates two models that do very different things." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "embedded Universal Flash Storage", "74595", "semiconductor memory", "MK484", "loudspeaker protection integrated circuit", "Motorola 56001", "142 series integrated circuits", "μA723", "521 series integrated circuits", "572 series integrated circuits", "554 series integrated circuits", "501 series integrated circuits" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 99 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 579 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one integrated circuit from another, and a integrated circuit from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a integrated circuit, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a integrated circuit, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a integrated circuit is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a integrated circuit, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a integrated circuit, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a integrated circuit is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a integrated circuit sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a integrated circuit, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a integrated circuit, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a integrated circuit is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a integrated circuit from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a integrated circuit, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a integrated circuit, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a integrated circuit is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a integrated circuit is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a integrated circuit, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a integrated circuit, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a integrated circuit is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a integrated circuit is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a integrated circuit, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a integrated circuit, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a integrated circuit is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a integrated circuit is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a integrated circuit, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a integrated circuit, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a integrated circuit is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a integrated circuit is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a integrated circuit is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a integrated circuit, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a integrated circuit, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a integrated circuit is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a integrated circuit is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a integrated circuit, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a integrated circuit, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a integrated circuit is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a integrated circuit passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a integrated circuit between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a integrated circuit, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a integrated circuit, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a integrated circuit is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a integrated circuit, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a integrated circuit is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a integrated circuit, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a integrated circuit, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a integrated circuit is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "function-and-principle", "name": "Function and operating principle", "description": "What integrated circuit is for and how it achieves it.", "rationale": "Two devices with the same name can work on different principles, and the principle is what predicts failure and constrains use.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-function", "name": "Intended function", "description": "The job it does, and the jobs it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-record", "name": "Function, principle and variants", "description": "What it does, how, and which variants do it differently.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-record-q01", "text": "What function does integrated circuit perform, on what operating principle, and which variants differ in that principle?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "function-record-q02", "text": "What use falls outside the intended function but happens in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "capacity-and-rating", "name": "Capacity and rating", "description": "The numbers that say what it can do and where it stops.", "findings": [ { "id": "ratings", "name": "Ratings and their conditions", "description": "Rated capacity, power, throughput and the conditions each assumes.", "questions": [ { "id": "ratings-q01", "text": "What ratings characterise integrated circuit, in what units, and under what stated conditions?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "ratings-q02", "text": "What happens beyond the rating - degradation, refusal, damage - and how is that detected?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "operation-and-state", "name": "Operation, controls and state", "description": "How integrated circuit is operated and what state it is in right now.", "rationale": "An agent acting on a device needs its current state and the controls that change it, not just its specification.", "layers": [ { "id": "controls-and-modes", "name": "Controls and modes", "description": "What can be set, what that changes, and what is interlocked.", "findings": [ { "id": "control-surface", "name": "Control surface and interlocks", "description": "The settings available and the conditions that block them.", "questions": [ { "id": "control-surface-q01", "text": "What controls and modes does integrated circuit have, and what does each change?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "control-surface-q02", "text": "Which actions are interlocked or forbidden in which state, and what must be true before acting?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-maintenance", "name": "Condition and maintenance", "description": "Wear, service intervals, consumables and the line between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "service-record", "name": "Condition, service and consumables", "description": "What is consumed, what is serviced, and how condition is judged.", "questions": [ { "id": "service-record-q01", "text": "What consumables and service does integrated circuit need, at what interval, and on whose authority?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "service-record-q02", "text": "What evidence separates a unit that is working from one that is out of service?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "kind-model-unit", "name": "Kind, model and unit", "description": "Whether a claim about integrated circuit is about the kind, a product line, or one physical unit.", "rationale": "This is the boundary most often got wrong for made things, and getting it wrong mixes a catalogue entry with the machine in the yard.", "layers": [ { "id": "level-of-reference", "name": "Level of reference", "description": "The three levels and what belongs at each.", "findings": [ { "id": "level-rules", "name": "What belongs to kind, model and unit", "description": "Which properties are shared by all of them and which are not.", "questions": [ { "id": "level-rules-q01", "text": "Which facts about integrated circuit hold for every one of them, which for a model, and which only for one unit?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "level-rules-q02", "text": "What identifies an individual unit, and what should an agent do when it has only the kind?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "standards-and-conformity", "name": "Standards and conformity", "description": "The standards a working example must meet and who attests it.", "findings": [ { "id": "conformity", "name": "Standards, marks and attestation", "description": "Which standard applies, who certifies, and what the mark means.", "questions": [ { "id": "conformity-q01", "text": "Which standards govern integrated circuit, issued by whom, and what does conformity actually assert?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "conformity-q02", "text": "What may an agent conclude from a certification mark, and what may it not?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a integrated circuit came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a integrated circuit and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a integrated circuit, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a integrated circuit, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a integrated circuit is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a integrated circuit is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a integrated circuit, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a integrated circuit, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a integrated circuit is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }