tropical cyclone
Let an agent explain tropical cyclones and their classification, relay forecasts, warnings and preparedness guidance from meteorological and emergency authorities, route people in danger to official warnings and emergency services first, and separate tropical cyclones from other storms.
Research draft, second pass
A second pass drafted this model: the structure a model of this thing needs, and what is known about it in the world. The line under this one says how the second half was obtained - researched against sources, or recalled without web access, in which case nothing here was read anywhere and every claim is a lead to verify. Unreviewed either way.
written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify
Researched by: Claude
Purpose and description
Let an agent explain tropical cyclones and their classification, relay forecasts, warnings and preparedness guidance from meteorological and emergency authorities, route people in danger to official warnings and emergency services first, and separate tropical cyclones from other storms.
A rotating storm system with a low-pressure centre, organised thunderstorms and strong winds that forms over warm tropical or subtropical oceans, called a hurricane in the Atlantic and eastern Pacific, a typhoon in the western Pacific and a cyclone in the Indian Ocean and South Pacific; classified by wind speed and tracked by regional meteorological centres, it brings wind, storm surge and flooding rain.
What it is for: Not applicable; a weather phenomenon.
It can be explain formation, structure and classification; relay official forecasts and warnings; relay preparedness guidance; route emergencies to official channels.
Distinguishing features
Warm-core low over warm ocean
Organised rotation with an eye
Wind, surge and rain hazards
Regional naming and scales
What it looks like
A spiral of cloud bands around a central eye, hundreds of kilometres across, seen from satellites.
Physical character
diameter: 200-1000 km - cloud field
sustained winds at tropical storm strength: at least 63 km/h
sustained winds at hurricane strength: at least 119 km/h - category 1 on the Saffir-Simpson scale
How it is recognised
Rotating storm with an eye over warm ocean
Named and numbered by regional centres
Extratropical storms and tornadoes are different systems
Related models
is a kind of - a rotating low
is a kind of - a hazard
produces - a main hazard
is tracked by - the warning authority
In practice
Families and kinds
tropical depressions, storms and hurricanes or typhoons by intensity
basins: North Atlantic, eastern and western Pacific, North Indian, South Indian, Australian and South Pacific
annular and subtropical cyclones
major hurricanes and super typhoons
hypothetical hypercanes as a modelling concept
Identifiers
storm name and number per basin assigned by the regional centre
ATCF identifier basin, number and year used in databases
Standards and regulation
WMO tropical cyclone programme and regional centre responsibilities
National warning and evacuation rules
Building codes for cyclone-prone areas
Saffir-Simpson and regional intensity scales
Failure modes and hazards
Storm surge drowning
Wind damage and flying debris
Inland flooding from rain
Ignoring official warnings
Also called
Where this came from
wikidata · CC0 1.0
Drafted structure
Bundle to layer to finding to question, as the second pass will find it: 4 bundles · 8 layers · 8 findings · 16 questions.
Understand What a tropical cyclone is.
Science.
Formation
Formation and structure.
Formation
Formation.
- How do tropical cyclones form and what is their structure? definition
- Is the user under a current warning, which needs official channels and emergency services first? boundary
Classification
Scales and names.
Classification
Classification.
- How are cyclones classified and named in each basin? definition
- Which entry fits a specific storm? action
Forecast Tracking and warnings.
Warnings.
Tracking
Forecasting.
Tracking
Tracking.
- How are cyclones tracked and forecast, and which centre is responsible for a region? provenance
- Which entry fits the regional centre? action
Warnings
Warnings.
Warnings
Warnings.
- Where are official warnings published, and what do watch and warning levels mean? provenance
- Is the information current? boundary
Prepare Preparedness and response.
Safety.
Preparedness
Preparedness.
Preparedness
Preparedness.
- What preparedness guidance do emergency authorities give? provenance
- Which entry fits emergency management? action
Hazards
Hazards.
Hazards
Hazards.
- What are the hazards of surge, wind and rain, and how do they vary? provenance
- Which entry fits storm surge? action
Context Climate and history.
Context.
Climate
Climate change.
Climate
Climate.
- What do assessments say about cyclones and climate change, with findings attributed? provenance
- Is the presentation attributed and neutral? boundary
History
Notable storms.
History
History.
- Which cyclones are historically significant, and which references are standard? provenance
- Which entry fits a specific storm? action
What the second pass must settle
- Should each basin be a separate entry?
- How should regional centre warnings be linked?
- The registry entry has merged basin aliases and a hypothetical concept; should they be split off?