{ "model": { "rank": 1218, "code": "thing-q8142", "model_id": "vr.tr.currency", "name": "currency", "purpose": "Let an agent handle currencies by code, issuer, status and subunits, and treat crypto tokens and historical currencies with their true status.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Cross-cutting context", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "XCT", "domain": "XCT.QLT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q8142/", "tier": 2, "score": 167, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "ERC-20", "dinar", "fals", "bawbee", "siege money", "Sycee", "Dajōkan-satsu", "gold dinar", "modern gold dinar", "ducat", "Offa's imitation dinar", "Cekin", "play money", "Biblical and Talmudic units of measurement", "obsolete currency", "Byzantine coinage", "Continental currency", "ring money", "Leu (currency)", "test currency", "collectible coins and currency", "colón", "cruzado", "world currency", "currency unit", "asset currency", "Roman provincial currency", "alternative currency", "national currency", "hard currency", "Goryeo currency", "coins of the Russian Federation", "Xu", "Palestinian currency", "piastre", "escudo", "rial / riyal", "rupee", "Italian scudo", "fiat money" ], "aliasCount": 82, "merged": 84, "knownIn": 167, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": "vr.tr.currency", "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q8142", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8142", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-11T05:15:23Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 1, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q8142", "registryId": "vr.tr.currency", "name": "currency", "version": "0.2.0-wave.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "XCT.QLT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q8142/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.currency", "name": "currency", "purpose": "Let an agent handle currencies by code, issuer, status and subunits, and treat crypto tokens and historical currencies with their true status.", "definition": "A system of money in general use in a particular country or area, with a name, code, subunits and issuing authority, such as the euro or the dinar; historical and private currencies also exist.", "what_it_is_for": "Denominating prices, payments and accounts.", "affordances": [ "price and pay in it", "exchange it for other currencies", "identify it, by ISO 4217 code", "track its status, as current, historical or replaced" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "A system of money, not the physical notes", "Identified by ISO 4217 code", "Subunits such as fals or cents", "Tokens such as ERC-20 are not currencies in the legal sense in most jurisdictions" ], "appearance": "The notes and coins of the currency, its symbol, and its code in accounts.", "visual_identification": [ "Currency symbols such as EUR, USD or local signs", "ISO 4217 codes", "Historical currencies such as siege money or sycee are collectors items" ], "physical_properties": [], "families_and_kinds": [ "national currencies", "currency unions such as the euro", "historical currencies", "emergency currencies such as siege money", "crypto-assets and tokens" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a system of", "target": "money", "why": "medium of exchange" }, { "relation": "is represented by", "target": "physical money", "why": "notes and coins" }, { "relation": "is issued by", "target": "central bank", "why": "issuer" }, { "relation": "is confused with", "target": "crypto-asset", "why": "different legal status" } ], "identifiers": [ { "scheme": "ISO 4217 code", "value_or_pattern": "three letters and three digits", "note": "for example EUR 978" } ], "standards_and_regulation": [ "ISO 4217", "Central bank laws", "EU MiCA regulation on crypto-assets" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Ambiguous symbols such as $ used by many currencies", "Treating crypto tokens as legal tender", "Using withdrawn currencies" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity", "name": "Identity", "description": "Which currency.", "rationale": "Codes avoid ambiguous symbols.", "layers": [ { "id": "code", "name": "Code", "description": "ISO 4217.", "findings": [ { "id": "code-finding", "name": "Code", "description": "Currency code.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which ISO 4217 code identifies this currency?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Could its symbol be confused with another?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "status", "name": "Status", "description": "Current or historical.", "findings": [ { "id": "status-finding", "name": "Status", "description": "Current status.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is the currency current, and where?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "text": "What replaced it, if historical?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "structure", "name": "Structure", "description": "Units and issuer.", "rationale": "Structure matters for accounting.", "layers": [ { "id": "units", "name": "Units", "description": "Subunits.", "findings": [ { "id": "units-finding", "name": "Subunits", "description": "Subunits and minor units.", "questions": [ { "text": "What subunits does it have?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "How many decimal places are used?", "kind": "measurement" } ] } ] }, { "id": "issuer", "name": "Issuer", "description": "Central bank.", "findings": [ { "id": "issuer-finding", "name": "Issuer", "description": "The issuing authority.", "questions": [ { "text": "Who issues it?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which monetary policy regime applies?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "exchange", "name": "Exchange", "description": "Converting it.", "rationale": "Rates change constantly.", "layers": [ { "id": "rate", "name": "Rate", "description": "Exchange rate.", "findings": [ { "id": "rate-finding", "name": "Rate", "description": "Rate and source.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is the exchange rate, from which source and time?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is the rate fixed or floating?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "controls", "name": "Controls", "description": "Capital controls.", "findings": [ { "id": "controls-finding", "name": "Controls", "description": "Restrictions.", "questions": [ { "text": "Are there exchange or capital controls?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "text": "Are there multiple official rates?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "non-state", "name": "Non-state and historical", "description": "Other currencies.", "rationale": "Status must be clear for non-state and historical money.", "layers": [ { "id": "crypto", "name": "Crypto-assets", "description": "Tokens.", "findings": [ { "id": "crypto-finding", "name": "Crypto status", "description": "Legal status of tokens.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is the legal status of this token here?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "text": "Must an agent avoid giving investment advice about it?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "historical", "name": "Historical", "description": "Old currencies.", "findings": [ { "id": "historical-finding", "name": "History", "description": "Historical context.", "questions": [ { "text": "When and where was it used?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is it still redeemable?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should currencies be instances with ISO codes?", "How should historical currencies be linked to successors?", "How should crypto-assets be classified?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a currency, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent handle currencies by code, issuer, status and subunits, and treat crypto tokens and historical currencies with their true status.", "characteristics": { "substance": "abstract", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: ERC-20, dinar, fals, bawbee, siege money, Sycee, Dajōkan-satsu, gold dinar, modern gold dinar, ducat, Offa's imitation dinar, Cekin.", "84 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 167 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a currency, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "an abstraction with no physical instance", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "ERC-20", "dinar", "fals", "bawbee", "siege money", "Sycee", "Dajōkan-satsu", "gold dinar", "modern gold dinar", "ducat", "Offa's imitation dinar", "Cekin" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 167 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 84 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one currency from another, and a currency from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a currency, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a currency, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a currency is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a currency, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a currency, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a currency is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a currency sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a currency, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a currency, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a currency is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a currency from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a currency, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a currency, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a currency is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a currency passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a currency between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a currency, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a currency, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a currency is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a currency, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a currency is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a currency, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a currency, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a currency is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What currency is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of currency are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is currency operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of currency and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of currency?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as currency?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a currency came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a currency and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a currency, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a currency, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a currency is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a currency is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a currency, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a currency, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a currency is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 5, "layers": 10, "findings": 12, "questions": 32 } } } }