{ "model": { "rank": 1466, "code": "thing-q8146", "model_id": "vr.tr.yen", "name": "yen", "purpose": "Let an agent handle the yen by denominations, exchange, payment practices and history, without financial or investment advice.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Cross-cutting context", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "XCT", "domain": "XCT.QTY", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q8146/", "tier": 2, "score": 145, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [], "aliasCount": 0, "merged": 0, "knownIn": 145, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": "vr.tr.yen", "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q8146", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8146", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-11T10:00:33Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 1, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q8146", "registryId": "vr.tr.yen", "name": "yen", "version": "0.2.0-wave.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "XCT.QTY" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q8146/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.yen", "name": "yen", "purpose": "Let an agent handle the yen by denominations, exchange, payment practices and history, without financial or investment advice.", "definition": "The official currency of Japan (JPY), issued by the Bank of Japan as banknotes and by the Japanese government as coins; one of the most traded currencies in the world.", "what_it_is_for": "Payments in Japan and international trade and finance.", "affordances": [ "identify notes and coins", "find official exchange rate references", "understand payment practices in Japan", "check security features of notes" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Currency of Japan", "No subunit in everyday use", "Widely traded", "New note series issued in 2024" ], "appearance": "Banknotes of 1000, 2000, 5000 and 10000 yen; coins from 1 to 500 yen.", "visual_identification": [ "Symbol and ISO code JPY", "Bank of Japan notes", "The Chinese yuan is a different currency with a related name" ], "physical_properties": [], "families_and_kinds": [ "banknotes", "coins", "commemorative coins", "historical series" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "currency", "why": "category" }, { "relation": "is issued by", "target": "Bank of Japan", "why": "issuer" }, { "relation": "is used in", "target": "Japan", "why": "country" }, { "relation": "is related to", "target": "yuan and won", "why": "related currency names" } ], "identifiers": [ { "scheme": "ISO 4217", "value_or_pattern": "JPY (392)", "note": "currency code" } ], "standards_and_regulation": [ "ISO 4217", "Bank of Japan Act", "Anti-money-laundering rules for exchange" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Agents giving investment or trading advice", "Outdated exchange rates", "Counterfeit notes" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "money", "name": "Money", "description": "Notes and coins.", "rationale": "Denominations identify.", "layers": [ { "id": "denominations", "name": "Denominations", "description": "Notes and coins.", "findings": [ { "id": "denominations-finding", "name": "Denominations", "description": "Denominations.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which notes and coins are in circulation?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Who appears on the current notes?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "security", "name": "Security", "description": "Genuine notes.", "findings": [ { "id": "security-finding", "name": "Security", "description": "Security features.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which security features does the Bank of Japan describe?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "What should someone do with a suspected counterfeit?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "exchange", "name": "Exchange", "description": "Rates.", "rationale": "Rates change constantly.", "layers": [ { "id": "rate", "name": "Rate", "description": "Reference rates.", "findings": [ { "id": "rate-finding", "name": "Rate", "description": "Exchange rate.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is the current reference rate, and from which official source?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "When was it published?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "fees", "name": "Fees", "description": "Costs.", "findings": [ { "id": "fees-finding", "name": "Fees", "description": "Exchange costs.", "questions": [ { "text": "What fees or margins apply to exchanging money?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "text": "How can they be compared?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "travel", "name": "Travel", "description": "Paying in Japan.", "rationale": "Practices vary.", "layers": [ { "id": "payments", "name": "Payments", "description": "Cash and cards.", "findings": [ { "id": "payments-finding", "name": "Payments", "description": "Payment practices.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which payment methods are widely accepted in Japan?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Where can foreign cards withdraw cash?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "tipping", "name": "Tipping", "description": "Customs.", "findings": [ { "id": "tipping-finding", "name": "Tipping", "description": "Customs.", "questions": [ { "text": "What customs apply to tipping and handling money in Japan?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which sources describe them?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "limits", "name": "Limits", "description": "Advice.", "rationale": "No investment advice.", "layers": [ { "id": "advice", "name": "Advice", "description": "Trading.", "findings": [ { "id": "advice-finding", "name": "Advice", "description": "Advice limit.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is the user asking whether to buy or sell yen?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "text": "How should they be referred to a licensed adviser?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "history", "name": "History", "description": "Currency history.", "findings": [ { "id": "history-finding", "name": "History", "description": "History.", "questions": [ { "text": "When was the yen introduced and how has it changed?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which sources document it?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should note series be separate entries?", "How should exchange rates be sourced?", "How should historical currencies be linked?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "unit, quantity or measure", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a yen, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent handle the yen by denominations, exchange, payment practices and history, without financial or investment advice.", "characteristics": { "substance": "abstract", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Described in 145 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a yen, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "an abstraction with no physical instance", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see: a unit is a convention. What is seen is an instrument reading in it." ], "relatedModels": [], "standing": "Described in 145 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one yen from another, and a yen from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a yen, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a yen, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a yen is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a yen, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a yen, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a yen is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a yen sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a yen, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a yen, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a yen is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a yen from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a yen, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a yen, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a yen is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a yen passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a yen between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a yen, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a yen, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a yen is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a yen, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a yen is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a yen, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a yen, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a yen is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definition-and-realisation", "name": "Definition, dimension and realisation", "description": "What yen is defined as and how it is realised in practice.", "rationale": "A unit is not the quantity it measures, and its definition has a history that older data still depends on.", "layers": [ { "id": "definition", "name": "Definition and dimension", "description": "The defining relation and the quantity it measures.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-record", "name": "Definition, body and date", "description": "What defines it now, and what defined it before.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-record-q01", "text": "How is yen defined, by which body, and since when?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-record-q02", "text": "What was the previous definition, and what data still depends on it?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "conversion", "name": "Conversion and compatibility", "description": "Relations to other units, exact or approximate.", "findings": [ { "id": "conversion-record", "name": "Conversions and their exactness", "description": "Factors, and whether each is exact by definition.", "questions": [ { "id": "conversion-record-q01", "text": "What conversions relate yen to other units, and which are exact by definition?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "conversion-record-q02", "text": "Where does rounding a conversion change a decision, and how should that be recorded?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a yen came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a yen and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a yen, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a yen, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a yen is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a yen is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a yen, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a yen, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a yen is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 10, "questions": 28 } } } }