{ "model": { "rank": 1602, "code": "thing-q81464", "model_id": "vr.tr.spinacia-oleracea", "name": "Spinacia oleracea", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise Spinacia oleracea, assess its growth and material condition, and choose evidence-supported cultivation, propagation or harvest actions.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.LIV", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q81464/", "tier": 2, "score": 136, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [], "aliasCount": 0, "merged": 0, "knownIn": 136, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q81464", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81464", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-06T21:25:23Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "missingProviders": [ "Grok" ], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "usd": 0.01779518, "turns": 2, "seconds": 32.1, "error": "model did not produce structured output", "retried": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 82.3, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a0789b-5746-7670-bd46-a238bbeb740f\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: Spinacia oleracea\nRegistry id: vr.tr.spinacia-oleracea\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.MAT\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entr" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q81464", "registryId": "vr.tr.spinacia-oleracea", "name": "Spinacia oleracea", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.MAT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q81464/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.spinacia-oleracea", "name": "Spinacia oleracea", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise Spinacia oleracea, assess its growth and material condition, and choose evidence-supported cultivation, propagation or harvest actions.", "definition": "", "scope_statement": "This model owns the biological identity and observable state of Spinacia oleracea under vr.tr.spinacia-oleracea in PHY / PHY.MAT, including living plants, propagating material and detached unprocessed organs, with explicit links between specimens and their originating plants or lots.", "in_scope": [ "Species identification and distinction from other plants sold as spinach", "Cultivar or accession identity and seed provenance", "Vegetative growth, bolting, flowering and seed development", "Growing conditions and observed responses of spinach plants", "Leaf, crown and root condition, including damage and suspected disease", "Harvest readiness, regrowth potential and condition of detached leaves" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Other species called spinach, including chard, Malabar spinach and water spinach", "Farm operations, labour schedules and commercial crop planning", "Soil, nutrient solution and irrigation infrastructure as independently managed things", "Pest and pathogen taxonomy, life cycles and treatment-product models", "Recipes, processed spinach products and individual dietary suitability", "Food-safety certification, regulatory compliance and commercial shipment management" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Check plant architecture: a climbing vine with glossy leaves and purple fruit supports Malabar spinach rather than Spinacia oleracea; detached leaves alone may not resolve identity. [University of Maryland Extension](https://extension.umd.edu/resource/growing-spinach-home-garden)", "Check the botanical identity behind a 'perpetual spinach' label: this name can denote chard, so the common name cannot establish Spinacia oleracea. [University of Maryland Extension](https://extension.umd.edu/resource/growing-spinach-home-garden)", "Accept both smooth and crinkled savoy leaves as possible Spinacia oleracea; leaf texture alone neither excludes the species nor confirms a cultivar. [University of Maryland Extension](https://extension.umd.edu/resource/growing-spinach-home-garden)", "For uncertain specimens, combine seed or accession provenance with a botanical examination; record identification as unresolved when only a market name or an isolated leaf is available." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Species identification status", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "supported; provisional; conflicting; unresolved, with evidence and identification method", "why_it_matters": "Prevents instructions for true spinach from being applied to unrelated spinach-named vegetables." }, { "name": "Cultivar or accession provenance", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Named cultivar or accession linked to supplier, parent population or seed lot; unknown permitted", "why_it_matters": "Supports interpretation of leaf form and evaluation of cultivar-specific growth or resistance claims." }, { "name": "Observed material", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Seed unit; seedling; rooted plant; detached leaf; harvested plant; explicitly bounded lot", "why_it_matters": "Determines whether germination, cultivation, regrowth or postharvest questions apply." }, { "name": "Leaf texture", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Smooth; intermediate; savoy; unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Records variation relevant to identification and inspection of leaf surfaces." }, { "name": "Developmental stage", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Ungerminated; emerging; vegetative; bolting; flowering; seed developing; senescent; dead", "why_it_matters": "Separates continued leaf production from reproductive development and propagation opportunities." }, { "name": "Leaf dimensions", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Blade length and width in mm, with leaf position and sampling method", "why_it_matters": "Makes leaf growth and harvest-size judgements observable rather than inferred from age." }, { "name": "Bolting progression", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Central stem length in cm and change in cm/day, with flower-stalk observations", "why_it_matters": "Provides evidence for a change in the intended leaf-harvest window." }, { "name": "Thermal and light exposure", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Air and root-zone temperature in °C; photoperiod in hours/day; observation interval", "why_it_matters": "Supports investigation of emergence and reproductive-transition timing." }, { "name": "Root-zone moisture", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Volumetric water content in percent or water potential in kPa, with method and depth", "why_it_matters": "Helps interpret wilting and determine whether an irrigation change has evidential support." }, { "name": "Leaf injury burden", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Percent sampled leaves affected and estimated percent blade area damaged, by symptom", "why_it_matters": "Separates isolated blemishes from deterioration that changes harvest or investigation priorities." }, { "name": "Crown condition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Intact; injured; decaying; removed; not observed", "why_it_matters": "Constrains whether further leaf growth can reasonably be evaluated after cutting." }, { "name": "Harvest lineage", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Detached material linked to source plant or lot, harvest time and cutting method", "why_it_matters": "Preserves identity and exposure history when leaves leave the growing plant." } ], "affordances": [ "Identify or provisionally classify a specimen using botanical evidence and seed provenance.", "Sow a traceable seed sample and assess its emergence under recorded conditions.", "Adjust growing conditions using measured plant responses and locally supported guidance.", "Monitor bolting and choose between further leaf harvest and seed-production intent.", "Inspect symptomatic leaves and roots, collect diagnostic samples and track deterioration.", "Harvest selected leaves or whole plants, then assess remaining crown growth and detached-leaf condition." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "spinach-identity", "name": "Spinach identity", "description": "Establish whether the material belongs to Spinacia oleracea and which cultivated lineage it represents.", "rationale": "Several unrelated vegetables share the spinach name, while substantial leaf variation occurs within this species.", "layers": [ { "id": "species-recognition", "name": "Species recognition", "description": "Assess the evidence behind assigning the registry identity.", "findings": [ { "id": "identity-evidence", "name": "Identity evidence", "description": "Record the identification basis, examined organs and unresolved alternatives rather than treating a spinach label as proof.", "questions": [ { "text": "What botanical observations or authenticated provenance support identifying this material as Spinacia oleracea?", "kind": "definition", "id": "identity-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "Which alternative spinach-named plants remain plausible given the organs available for examination?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "identity-evidence-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "cultivated-lineage", "name": "Cultivated lineage", "description": "Connect cultivar claims and leaf variation to traceable planting material.", "findings": [ { "id": "cultivar-and-seed-origin", "name": "Cultivar and seed origin", "description": "Retain the source of cultivar, accession and resistance claims, and distinguish those claims from observed characteristics.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which seed lot, supplier record or parent population establishes the claimed cultivar or accession?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "cultivar-and-seed-origin-q01" }, { "text": "Do sampled plants show consistent leaf texture and growth form, or does the lot contain unexplained variation?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "cultivar-and-seed-origin-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "leaf-growth-and-bolting", "name": "Leaf growth and bolting", "description": "Track development through the transition from leafy growth to reproduction.", "rationale": "The agent needs the observed developmental stage to judge whether leaf harvest or reproductive management fits the plant.", "layers": [ { "id": "vegetative-development", "name": "Vegetative development", "description": "Measure emergence and leaf development relative to the planting history.", "findings": [ { "id": "establishment-and-leaf-growth", "name": "Establishment and leaf growth", "description": "Record emergence, surviving plants and successive leaf measurements without equating elapsed days with readiness.", "questions": [ { "text": "When was this spinach sown, when did emergence occur, and what fraction of the assessed seed sample emerged?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "establishment-and-leaf-growth-q01" }, { "text": "How are leaf number and blade dimensions changing on the same plants or a defined repeat sample?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "establishment-and-leaf-growth-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "reproductive-transition", "name": "Reproductive transition", "description": "Identify bolting and its implications for the intended use.", "findings": [ { "id": "observed-bolting", "name": "Observed bolting", "description": "Spinach can bolt as spring daylength and temperature increase; distinguish observed stalk development from predicted risk. [University of Maryland Extension](https://extension.umd.edu/resource/growing-spinach-home-garden)", "questions": [ { "text": "Is central stem elongation or a developing flower stalk visible, and how has it changed since the previous observation?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "observed-bolting-q01" }, { "text": "Given the observed transition and intended use, should this plant receive a final leaf harvest or be retained for reproduction?", "kind": "action", "id": "observed-bolting-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "spinach-growing-response", "name": "Spinach growing response", "description": "Relate the plant's observed performance to its thermal, light and root-zone environment.", "rationale": "Useful cultivation decisions require context for poor emergence, wilting and early reproductive development.", "layers": [ { "id": "temperature-and-daylength", "name": "Temperature and daylength", "description": "Record environmental exposure over the developmental interval being evaluated.", "findings": [ { "id": "exposure-linked-development", "name": "Exposure-linked development", "description": "Associate emergence and bolting observations with measured conditions without assuming a universal cultivar-independent threshold.", "questions": [ { "text": "What air temperature, root-zone temperature and photoperiod did this planting experience before delayed emergence or bolting?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "exposure-linked-development-q01" }, { "text": "What cultivar-specific or local evidence supports changing the next sowing date, shading or protection?", "kind": "action", "id": "exposure-linked-development-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "root-zone-support", "name": "Root-zone support", "description": "Connect leaf and root symptoms to water and nutrient evidence.", "findings": [ { "id": "water-and-nutrient-response", "name": "Water and nutrient response", "description": "Record moisture, drainage observations and relevant analytical results before attributing weak spinach growth to a particular deficiency.", "questions": [ { "text": "What measured moisture and observed drainage conditions accompany wilting, yellowing or reduced leaf expansion?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "water-and-nutrient-response-q01" }, { "text": "Which soil, solution or tissue results support an irrigation or nutrient adjustment, and what plant response will be checked afterward?", "kind": "action", "id": "water-and-nutrient-response-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "leaf-and-crown-condition", "name": "Leaf and crown condition", "description": "Assess damage affecting the harvested organ and the tissues supporting continued growth.", "rationale": "A spinach plant may retain growth potential while its leaves become unsuitable for the intended harvest, or show leaf symptoms originating below ground.", "layers": [ { "id": "leaf-symptoms", "name": "Leaf symptoms", "description": "Describe the location, extent and progression of visible injury.", "findings": [ { "id": "symptoms-and-diagnostic-confidence", "name": "Symptoms and diagnostic confidence", "description": "Downy mildew and leafminer are recognised spinach problems; record symptoms separately from confirmed causes. [University of Maryland Extension](https://extension.umd.edu/resource/growing-spinach-home-garden)", "questions": [ { "text": "Are mines, lesions, yellowing or surface growth present, on which leaf surfaces, and over what fraction of the sampled leaves?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "symptoms-and-diagnostic-confidence-q01" }, { "text": "What examination or diagnostic result supports a cause, and which competing causes remain unresolved?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "symptoms-and-diagnostic-confidence-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "crown-and-root-integrity", "name": "Crown and root integrity", "description": "Assess whether the plant retains tissues capable of supporting further growth.", "findings": [ { "id": "growth-supporting-tissue-condition", "name": "Growth-supporting tissue condition", "description": "Record crown injury, root deterioration and whole-plant collapse separately from damage confined to leaves.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is the crown intact, and what root or crown observations accompany poor growth or collapse?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "growth-supporting-tissue-condition-q01" }, { "text": "Does the evidence support continued observation, diagnostic sampling or removal of the affected plant?", "kind": "action", "id": "growth-supporting-tissue-condition-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "spinach-harvest-and-detached-leaves", "name": "Spinach harvest and detached leaves", "description": "Judge harvest readiness, document cutting and follow the condition of unprocessed harvested material.", "rationale": "Cutting creates a boundary between a potentially continuing plant and detached leaves with a separate condition history.", "layers": [ { "id": "harvest-and-regrowth", "name": "Harvest and regrowth", "description": "Relate leaf selection and cutting method to the intended harvest and remaining plant.", "findings": [ { "id": "cutting-decision", "name": "Cutting decision", "description": "Record whether individual leaves or the whole plant are harvested, the crown's resulting condition and subsequent growth observations.", "questions": [ { "text": "Do current leaf size, injury and developmental stage meet the stated baby-leaf or mature-leaf harvest criteria?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "cutting-decision-q01" }, { "text": "Which tissues will be cut, and when will remaining plants be checked for new leaf growth?", "kind": "action", "id": "cutting-decision-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "detached-leaf-condition", "name": "Detached-leaf condition", "description": "Maintain source continuity and assess deterioration after harvest.", "findings": [ { "id": "harvest-lineage-and-deterioration", "name": "Harvest lineage and deterioration", "description": "Record harvest origin, elapsed time, storage exposure and observed wilting, yellowing or decay; keep condition judgements separate from external food-safety determinations.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which planting or plants supplied these leaves, and when and how were they harvested?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "harvest-lineage-and-deterioration-q01" }, { "text": "What storage exposure and visible deterioration have been recorded since cutting?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "harvest-lineage-and-deterioration-q02" }, { "text": "Does the proposed use require a separate food-safety assessment beyond this plant-condition record?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "harvest-lineage-and-deterioration-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "spinach-seed-continuity", "name": "Spinach seed continuity", "description": "Assess reproductive observations and the evidence needed to retain propagating material.", "rationale": "Saving seed requires evidence about flowering, parentage and establishment potential that a leaf-production record does not supply.", "layers": [ { "id": "flowering-and-parentage", "name": "Flowering and parentage", "description": "Record reproductive structures and the limits of parentage knowledge.", "findings": [ { "id": "reproductive-evidence", "name": "Reproductive evidence", "description": "Document observed flower types and fruit development without assigning reproductive roles from vegetative appearance.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which flower types and developing fruits were actually observed on each retained plant?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "reproductive-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "What records of neighbouring flowering spinach and pollination management support or limit the claimed parentage?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "reproductive-evidence-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "seed-lot-readiness", "name": "Seed-lot readiness", "description": "Evaluate collected propagating material before treating it as a reliable continuation of the lineage.", "findings": [ { "id": "seed-maturity-and-establishment", "name": "Seed maturity and establishment", "description": "Retain collection and storage history alongside maturity observations and a documented germination or emergence assessment.", "questions": [ { "text": "What observations support collection maturity, and which maternal plants supplied the lot?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "seed-maturity-and-establishment-q01" }, { "text": "What proportion of a defined sample germinated or emerged under the recorded test conditions?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "seed-maturity-and-establishment-q02" }, { "text": "Does the evidence support sowing, retesting or withholding this lot from propagation?", "kind": "action", "id": "seed-maturity-and-establishment-q03" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Which authoritative diagnostic characters reliably separate Spinacia oleracea from other Spinacia species and spinach-named vegetables at seedling, flowering and detached-leaf stages?", "Which cultivar- and location-specific temperature and photoperiod responses support useful emergence and bolting decision thresholds?", "Which reproductive patterns, pollination controls and seed-maturity criteria must be recorded to support credible seed-lineage claims?", "Which locally relevant spinach disease diagnostics and cultivar resistance evidence are sufficiently current to guide action?", "Where should linked seed-lot and harvested-food models take ownership, and which use-specific quality or safety assessments must remain outside this biological model?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 12, "questions": 26 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "organism", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a Spinacia oleracea, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an agent to recognise Spinacia oleracea, assess its growth and material condition, and choose evidence-supported cultivation, propagation or harvest actions.", "characteristics": { "substance": "living", "origin": "natural", "agency": "autonomous", "mobility": "self-moving" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Described in 136 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a Spinacia oleracea, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "a living thing", "physicalCharacter": [ "Moves under its own power or of its own accord.", "Acts on its own behalf.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by diagnostic characters, and those differ by life stage - the young of many kinds are mistaken for other kinds entirely. A sighting is settled by characters, a photograph and a place, not by a name alone." ], "relatedModels": [], "standing": "Described in 136 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one Spinacia oleracea from another, and a Spinacia oleracea from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a Spinacia oleracea, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a Spinacia oleracea, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a Spinacia oleracea is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a Spinacia oleracea, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a Spinacia oleracea, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a Spinacia oleracea is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a Spinacia oleracea sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a Spinacia oleracea, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a Spinacia oleracea, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a Spinacia oleracea is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a Spinacia oleracea from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a Spinacia oleracea, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a Spinacia oleracea, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a Spinacia oleracea is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a Spinacia oleracea is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a Spinacia oleracea, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a Spinacia oleracea, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a Spinacia oleracea is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Anatomy, parts and life stage.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and life stages", "description": "The parts of a Spinacia oleracea and the stages it passes through.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a Spinacia oleracea, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a Spinacia oleracea, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a Spinacia oleracea is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a Spinacia oleracea is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a Spinacia oleracea, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a Spinacia oleracea, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a Spinacia oleracea is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a Spinacia oleracea is, how it got there and where it may go (self-moving).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a Spinacia oleracea is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a Spinacia oleracea, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a Spinacia oleracea, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a Spinacia oleracea is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a Spinacia oleracea moves on its own.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a Spinacia oleracea, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a Spinacia oleracea, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a Spinacia oleracea is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a Spinacia oleracea passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a Spinacia oleracea between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a Spinacia oleracea, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a Spinacia oleracea, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a Spinacia oleracea is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a Spinacia oleracea, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a Spinacia oleracea is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a Spinacia oleracea, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a Spinacia oleracea, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a Spinacia oleracea is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "taxonomic-placement", "name": "Taxonomic placement and identification", "description": "What Spinacia oleracea is called scientifically, by whose authority, and how a specimen is recognised.", "rationale": "Names change with revisions while the organism does not, so a name without its authority and date cannot be reconciled later.", "layers": [ { "id": "accepted-name", "name": "Accepted name and synonymy", "description": "The current binomial, its author and date, and the names it replaced.", "findings": [ { "id": "name-and-authority", "name": "Accepted name, authority and synonyms", "description": "What to record so a later revision can be applied without losing the old data.", "questions": [ { "id": "name-and-authority-q01", "text": "What is the accepted scientific name of Spinacia oleracea, with its author and year, and which synonyms does it absorb?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "name-and-authority-q02", "text": "Which taxonomic authority is being followed, and what would a competing authority say?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "field-identification", "name": "Field identification", "description": "The characters that separate Spinacia oleracea from what it is confused with.", "findings": [ { "id": "diagnostic-characters", "name": "Diagnostic characters and confusable kinds", "description": "Features that settle an identification, and those that only suggest it.", "questions": [ { "id": "diagnostic-characters-q01", "text": "Which observable characters distinguish Spinacia oleracea from its closest look-alikes, and at which life stage are they visible?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "diagnostic-characters-q02", "text": "What evidence is enough to record an identification as confirmed rather than provisional?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "life-cycle-and-condition", "name": "Life stages, condition and behaviour", "description": "What Spinacia oleracea does over its life and how its state is judged.", "rationale": "Stage and condition change what may be done - handled, treated, harvested, left alone - and both are observations with a time.", "layers": [ { "id": "stages-and-reproduction", "name": "Stages and reproduction", "description": "Development from origin to death, including forms that look like different animals.", "findings": [ { "id": "life-stages", "name": "Life stages and their marks", "description": "The stages worth recording and what tells them apart.", "questions": [ { "id": "life-stages-q01", "text": "What stages does Spinacia oleracea pass through, and what observable change marks each transition?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "life-stages-q02", "text": "Which stages are so unlike the adult that they are mistaken for another kind?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "health-and-condition", "name": "Health and condition", "description": "How condition is assessed and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition assessment", "description": "Signs of health, injury and stress, and who is competent to judge them.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "How is the condition of Spinacia oleracea judged, on what scale, and by whom?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "What condition obliges an agent to act, and what act is permitted to whom?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "range-and-status", "name": "Habitat, range and conservation status", "description": "Where Spinacia oleracea lives and how threatened it is.", "rationale": "Range and status govern what is lawful, and both are assessments with an assessor and a year rather than facts of nature.", "layers": [ { "id": "habitat-and-range", "name": "Habitat and range", "description": "Native range, introductions and the habitat it needs.", "findings": [ { "id": "range-record", "name": "Range, introductions and habitat", "description": "What to record about where it is found and how it got there.", "questions": [ { "id": "range-record-q01", "text": "What is the native range of Spinacia oleracea, where has it been introduced, and what habitat does it require?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "range-record-q02", "text": "What distinguishes a native record from an introduced or vagrant one?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "protection-status", "name": "Protection and legal status", "description": "Conservation assessments and the rules that follow from them.", "findings": [ { "id": "status-and-rules", "name": "Conservation status and legal consequence", "description": "The assessment, its date, and what it forbids or requires where.", "questions": [ { "id": "status-and-rules-q01", "text": "What conservation status does Spinacia oleracea hold, under which assessment and year?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "status-and-rules-q02", "text": "What does that status forbid or require of an agent, and in which jurisdiction?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a Spinacia oleracea came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a Spinacia oleracea and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a Spinacia oleracea, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a Spinacia oleracea, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a Spinacia oleracea is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a Spinacia oleracea is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a Spinacia oleracea, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a Spinacia oleracea, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a Spinacia oleracea is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }