gypsum
Enable an AI agent to recognise gypsum, assess the condition and suitability of a particular specimen or material lot, and identify justified handling, processing or use decisions.
Bundle → Layer → Finding → Questions Filled
6 bundles · 11 layers · 18 findings · 32 questions
Gypsum identity and boundary Establish what the material is and whether gypsum names the whole referent or a constituent.
Mineral phase identification
Resolve gypsum identity against competing phase interpretations.
Dihydrate identification evidence
Record the observations, analytical interpretation and limitations supporting gypsum identification.
- What evidence identifies the sampled material as gypsum rather than merely a calcium sulfate? definition
- Which method distinguishes gypsum from bassanite, anhydrite and other detected phases, and with what uncertainty? measurement
Material referent
Determine the portion of a specimen, lot or product to which this model applies.
Whole material or constituent
Separate gypsum material assertions from assertions about mixtures and finished objects.
- Does the name gypsum refer to a mineral specimen, a bulk material lot or a constituent within another object? boundary
- Which host, mixture or product model owns properties that cannot be attributed to the gypsum constituent alone? boundary
Origin and composition Connect gypsum origin and processing lineage to measured composition.
Gypsum source route
Identify how the material arose and what was combined into the current lot.
Generation and recovery lineage
Record extraction, industrial generation or product-recovery evidence relevant to material assessment.
- Which deposit, generating process or recovered product supplied this gypsum, and what records substantiate that origin? provenance
- Which source lots, additives or recovered fractions were combined before the current sample was taken? provenance
Phase and impurity profile
Resolve gypsum content and accompanying constituents on an explicit analytical basis.
Composition and sampling confidence
Establish how well measured phase fractions and impurities describe the lot.
- What are the measured gypsum, other calcium sulfate and non-gypsum fractions, with methods and reporting bases? measurement
- How does sampling account for segregation, visible inclusions or variation across the gypsum lot? measurement
- Which additional constituents require testing because of this source route and proposed use? action
Physical form and water condition Characterise the gypsum's presentation, particle population and water-related condition.
Crystal and particle form
Describe intact specimens and processed particle populations at the scale relevant to the intended action.
Form and size evidence
Record morphology, particle size and aggregation without treating appearance as sufficient identification.
- Is the gypsum present as intact crystals, massive material, particles, slurry solids or an embedded constituent? definition
- What measurements describe particle size, fines and agglomerates at the scale required for sampling or processing? measurement
Free water and observed change
Separate measured free moisture from structural-water questions and record physical changes.
Moisture and condition assessment
Interpret water measurements alongside caking, wetting and specimen deterioration observations.
- What is the free-moisture content, and how does the method account for possible structural-water loss? measurement
- What evidence of caking, surface loss, breakage or water exposure requires resampling or a change in handling? action
Phase change and processing Track interventions that may alter gypsum condition, composition or mineral identity.
Thermal and hydration history
Relate exposure records to evidence about current calcium sulfate phases.
Exposure-linked phase state
Record known treatment conditions and identify where phase reassessment is needed.
- What heating, drying or water-contact events occurred, with temperature, duration and environmental conditions where known? provenance
- What before-and-after phase measurements establish whether gypsum identity was retained or changed? measurement
Processing outcome and handoff
Define acceptable results of preparation or conversion and assign resulting material identity.
Intervention acceptance
Tie processing permission to an intended material outcome and a verification requirement.
- For the proposed crushing, screening, washing, drying or thermal conversion, what resulting phase composition and physical condition are required? action
- What measured outcome requires a link to a different material model rather than continued identification of the output as gypsum? boundary
- Which post-treatment checks must pass before the resulting lot is released for its intended use? action
Use qualification and recovery Determine which proposed uses and recovery routes have adequate material-specific evidence.
Application-specific acceptance
Evaluate material evidence against a named receiving process or application.
Qualified use envelope
Record the scope and conditions of an acceptance decision without importing whole-system performance claims.
- Which intended use and identified specification define acceptable gypsum content, impurities, moisture and particle size? boundary
- Which lot-specific results satisfy those requirements, and which unresolved results prevent acceptance? measurement
- What material or storage change invalidates the qualification and triggers reassessment? action
Handling and recovered feedstock
Support material-specific handling and reuse decisions from actual condition and separation evidence.
Handling and recovery readiness
Identify restrictions and required checks arising from fine particles, residual host materials or uncertain contamination.
- What handling controls are justified by the gypsum's particle form, constituent test results and applicable material documentation? action
- For recovered gypsum, what evidence establishes removal or acceptable levels of paper, coatings, adhesives and other host-material residues? measurement
- Which named receiving route can accept this lot, and what unresolved evidence requires segregation or further treatment? action
Evidence and external alignment What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.
Reported evidence
Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.
Kinds and varieties
Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.
- Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of gypsum this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Identifiers and schemes
Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.
- Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of gypsum this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Standards and regulation
Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.
- Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of gypsum this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Real-world use
Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.
- Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of gypsum this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Typical measurements
Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.
- Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of gypsum this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Failure modes and hazards
Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.
- Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of gypsum this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Regional variation
Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.
- Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of gypsum this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart
Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.
- Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of gypsum this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Classifiers Filled
- Family
- Thing Registry
- Category
- Physical world and living systems
- Entry kind
- thing
- Plane
- PHY
- Domain
- PHY.MAT
- Other names and narrower kinds
- energo-gypsum, Lapis specularis, plaster of Paris
What it is Filled
Gypsum is the monoclinic evaporite mineral and industrial calcium sulfate dihydrate (CaSO4·2H2O) produced both as a rock-forming mineral and as a process by-product, distinguished from anhydrite and hemihydrate by its two waters of crystallization.
In scope
- Identification of the gypsum mineral phase and distinction from other calcium sulfate phases
- Gypsum specimens, granular material, powders and identifiable gypsum constituents
- Natural, manufactured and recovered material origins and their implications for testing
- Phase proportions, impurities, free moisture, particle form and observed condition
- Evidence supporting handling, processing, recovery and intended-use suitability
Out of scope
- Geological deposits, resource estimates and mine operations
- Hemihydrate plaster and anhydrite as independently identified materials
- Wallboard, plaster assemblies and finished building-product performance
- Soil systems, crop requirements and amendment application prescriptions
- Kilns, manufacturing processes and processing equipment
- Waste-management facilities and transport operations
Why it exists Filled
Enable an AI agent to recognise gypsum, assess the condition and suitability of a particular specimen or material lot, and identify justified handling, processing or use decisions.
Distinguishing features Filled
- Confirm calcium sulfate dihydrate identity rather than relying on a generic calcium sulfate label; gypsum has this composition, while crude material may contain other minerals. [USGS: Mineral resource of the month - gypsum](https://www.usgs.gov/publications/mineral-resource-month-gypsum)
- Require phase-sensitive identification capable of distinguishing gypsum from bassanite and anhydrite; a shared calcium-and-sulfate result does not resolve mineral identity. [USGS: Spectral properties of Ca-sulfates](https://www.usgs.gov/publications/spectral-properties-ca-sulfates-gypsum-bassanite-and-anhydrite)
- For material confused with limestone or chalk, require evidence distinguishing a sulfate-bearing phase from a carbonate-bearing phase rather than accepting white colour or powder texture.
- For material labelled plaster or drywall, determine whether the referent is gypsum itself, a transformed binder, or a composite containing gypsum before assigning this model.
- Treat clear crystals, fibrous material and massive material as identification candidates requiring mineral evidence, rather than creating separate registered things from appearance alone.
What robots and AI may and may not do Filled
Must not
- Advise cutting or sanding gypsum products without dust control.
- Dispose of gypsum waste in ordinary landfill where it is restricted.
- Misstate the origin or purity of gypsum sold for food or medical use.
- Damage protected gypsum caves or crystal formations.
Only with a human decision
- Approving quarrying in a protected area.
May
- Identify gypsum by its softness, crystal habit and composition, and distinguish it from anhydrite.
- Report grades and uses of gypsum products from supplier data.
Moral aspects Filled
- Quarrying changes landscapes and can affect protected caves.
- Dust from cutting gypsum products harms workers' lungs.
Who is affected
- Quarry and construction workers
- Communities near quarries
Owners Filled
Steward
The landholder or operator; mineral rights authorities record extraction.
Master systems
- Mineral rights and mining registers
Links to other meta-models Filled
parent
- Q214609 - registry parent class
- Q27684991 - registry parent class
- Q30135771 - registry parent class
- Q3777686 - registry parent class
- Q764802 - registry parent class
What else AI and robots need to interact with it Filled
Identity and identifiers required Filled
- Vercy registry: vr.tr.gypsum
- Wikidata: Q82658 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82658)
Direct properties required Filled
- Mineral-phase identity: gypsum confirmed | gypsum-bearing mixture | suspected gypsum | other phase identified | unresolved
- Gypsum phase fraction: mass %, with analytical method, uncertainty and reporting basis
- Other calcium sulfate phases: mass % of each identified phase, with detection limits and sample preparation
- Source route: natural extraction | industrial production or recovery | product recycling | mixed | unknown
- Source and host association: links to source deposit, generating process, recovered product, host material and parent lot as applicable
- Non-gypsum constituents: constituent-specific mass % or mg/kg, with method, detection limit and reporting basis
- Free moisture: mass %, with wet or dry basis and a method accounting for possible loss of structural water
- Particle-size distribution: sieve fractions or d10, d50 and d90 in µm or mm, with method
- Physical presentation: individual crystal | massive specimen | crushed rock | granules | powder | slurry | constituent in a composite
- Observed material condition: recorded observations of wetting, caking, breakage, surface loss, foreign matter or suspected phase change
- Thermal and water-exposure history: links to dated heating, drying, wetting and storage events with known conditions
- Intended-use qualification: unassessed | evidence incomplete | accepted for named use | conditionally accepted | rejected for named use
Recognition required Filled
- Soft white or clear mineral that a fingernail can scratch, often in flat or fibrous crystals.
Capabilities and actions required Filled
- Select representative samples and request evidence that distinguishes gypsum from other mineral phases.
- Compare gypsum lots against a named use specification using phase composition, impurities, moisture and particle size.
- Segregate or hold material whose identity, contamination or exposure history remains unresolved.
- Evaluate crushing, screening, washing or drying proposals against the required resulting material condition.
- Track conversion into another calcium sulfate material and link the resulting material to its appropriate model.
- Assess recovered gypsum for a specified reuse route using documented separation and qualification evidence.
Hazards and failure modes required Filled
- Dust exposure in processing.
- Hydrogen sulfide from gypsum waste in wet landfill.
Standards and interfaces required Filled
- ASTM C22/C22M, Standard Specification for Gypsum, issued by ASTM International, specifies requirements for gypsum within its stated material scope.
Context of use required Filled
- Gypsum occurs in evaporite deposits and mineral specimens and is also recovered as an industrial by-product.
- It is used as a raw material for plaster and wallboard, as a cement ingredient and as an agricultural soil amendment where suitable.
Sources Filled
- Mineral Commodity Summaries: Gypsum - Industrial supply, FGD vs mined gypsum, wallboard and cement uses, typical US production practice.
- Gypsum (Q3962) - Canonical identifier, formula CaSO4·2H2O, IMA mineral status, CAS and HS crosswalks.
- ASTM C22/C22M Standard Specification for Gypsum - Product specification for gypsum as a construction raw material in North America.
- EN 13279 Gypsum binders and gypsum plasters - European classification of building gypsums and plasters by calcination and intended use.
- 40 CFR Part 61 Subpart R - National Emission Standards for Radon Emissions from Phosphogypsum Stacks - US restriction of phosphogypsum, including the 10 pCi/g Ra-226 agricultural-use limit.
- Wikidata item Q82658: gypsum - identity and sense of the item
- Wikipedia: Gypsum - general description of the item
Open questions
- With no registry definition recorded, should vr.tr.gypsum cover both the mineral species and commercial gypsum-rich bulk materials, and how should that boundary be expressed without inventing a purity threshold?
- Does an existing Vercy world model already own this concept, and which neighbouring entries own plaster, bassanite, anhydrite and gypsum-containing products?
- Which analytical and sample-preparation methods should be recognised for phase quantification and free-moisture measurement without materially changing the sample?
- Which source-route-specific impurity panels and application-specific acceptance criteria are supported by authoritative evidence for the intended jurisdictions?
- What evidence-based exposure or condition changes should trigger phase reassessment, renewed use qualification or rejection of recovered gypsum?
Machine files
Provenance
thing registry research (pass 2) · unreviewed
Built from: models/things/publications/thing-q82658/spec.json