{ "model": { "rank": 3412, "code": "thing-q82744", "model_id": "vr.tr.image-scanner", "name": "image scanner", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise an image scanner, assess its capture readiness and limitations, and choose a suitable, non-damaging digitisation operation.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.OBJ", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q82744/", "tier": 2, "score": 86, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "self-scanning device", "IBM optical mark and character readers", "Amersham Typhoon 5", "rotary scanner", "Archivist book scanner", "flatbed scanner", "HP ScanJet", "Epson Perfection V200 Photo", "Fujitsu ScanSnap", "drum scanner", "flat bed scanner", "film scanner", "Canon CanoScan 9950F", "GeniScan GS4500", "Microtek ScanMaker 3830", "Microtek ScanMaker 3840", "millimeter wave scanner", "planetary scanner", "handheld scanner", "barcode reader", "microscope slide scanner", "Nikon Coolscan 5000 ED", "slide scanner", "Nikon Coolscan V ED" ], "aliasCount": 24, "merged": 24, "knownIn": 86, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q82744", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82744", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T14:41:52Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 34.1, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07c50-4cba-7373-b66b-391d10d7d317\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: image scanner\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: PHY.OBJ\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 546 things:\n# Batch 003: 1001 re", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 80.7, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07c50-4cbc-7641-a768-c56f8a02ba97\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: image scanner\nRegistry id: vr.tr.image-scanner\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.OBJ\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q82744", "registryId": "vr.tr.image-scanner", "name": "image scanner", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.OBJ" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q82744/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.image-scanner", "name": "image scanner", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise an image scanner, assess its capture readiness and limitations, and choose a suitable, non-damaging digitisation operation.", "definition": "An image scanner is an optoelectronic input device that samples light reflected from or transmitted through a physical original to produce a digital raster image.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the physical device kind that converts optical information from a positioned or transported original into a digital raster image, including dedicated scanners and the scanning subsystem of multifunction devices; product specifications and individual unit states are recorded as instances of this kind.", "in_scope": [ "Optical capture of documents, photographs, film and other supported originals", "Original positioning and transport through flatbed, sheet-fed, overhead, handheld or specialised arrangements", "Illumination, sensing, sampling and calibration of the scanning system", "Capture controls, interfaces, operating states and raster output capabilities", "Original handling limits, scanner maintenance and conditions for safe operation" ], "out_of_scope": [ "General-purpose photography and camera bodies outside a dedicated scanning assembly", "Medical imaging, radio-frequency scanning and three-dimensional surface measurement", "Printing, copying and fax transmission beyond their dependency on the scanning subsystem", "OCR, document interpretation and downstream image editing", "Archival repository management and decisions about ownership or permission to reproduce originals" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Produces a raster representation of an original through a dedicated acquisition arrangement, rather than merely displaying, printing or transferring an existing image.", "Provides a defined capture area or acquisition path that governs how the original is positioned, moved or traversed.", "Captures the visual image rather than only returning a decoded identifier, as a dedicated barcode reader may do.", "An overhead scanner may use a camera sensor; distinguish it through its dedicated original support, illumination and capture workflow rather than sensor technology alone.", "In a multifunction device, identify the optical acquisition subsystem separately from the mechanism that marks paper." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Capture configuration", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "flatbed; sheet-fed; overhead; handheld; drum; film-specific; hybrid; unknown", "why_it_matters": "Determines original placement, handling risks and feasible acquisition workflows." }, { "name": "Original illumination mode", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "reflective; transmissive; both; unknown", "why_it_matters": "Determines whether opaque originals, transparent originals or both can be captured." }, { "name": "Usable capture envelope", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "width and length in mm; supported thickness or object height in mm where applicable", "why_it_matters": "Establishes whether an original fits without cropping, compression or unsafe handling." }, { "name": "Original compatibility", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "supported media types; thickness in mm; sheet grammage in g/m² where specified; excluded conditions", "why_it_matters": "Prevents feeding or mounting originals that the capture mechanism cannot safely accommodate." }, { "name": "Native spatial sampling", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "samples per inch along each capture axis, with capture mode and distinction from interpolated output", "why_it_matters": "Supports assessment of available image detail without treating software enlargement as optical capability." }, { "name": "Tonal and colour capture modes", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "bilevel; grayscale; colour; delivered bits per channel; internal precision separately if documented", "why_it_matters": "Determines which tonal and colour distinctions can be retained in the delivered image." }, { "name": "Acquisition throughput", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "seconds per capture; pages per minute; images per minute, with original size, resolution, colour mode and simplex or duplex conditions", "why_it_matters": "Allows realistic workflow estimates and avoids confusing sheets with captured sides." }, { "name": "Control and data connection", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "host, driver, capture application or network endpoint; supported interface and protocol", "why_it_matters": "Identifies whether an agent can configure acquisition and retrieve the result." }, { "name": "Capture readiness", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "off; initialising; ready; acquiring; transferring; jammed; calibration required; fault; unknown", "why_it_matters": "Determines whether acquisition, recovery or maintenance is the appropriate next action." }, { "name": "Power requirements", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "mains adapter; bus-powered; battery; rated input V and A or W as documented", "why_it_matters": "Supports compatible power selection and diagnosis of interrupted or unavailable capture." } ], "affordances": [ "Select a compatible capture path, holder or accessory for the original.", "Configure capture area, spatial sampling, colour mode and simplex or duplex acquisition.", "Preview an original and adjust positioning or crop before final capture.", "Acquire an image and check completeness, orientation, focus and visible artefacts.", "Cancel acquisition and recover an original using the documented transport procedure.", "Clean accessible optical surfaces, calibrate the system or service feed components when indicated." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "original-and-capture-boundary", "name": "Original and capture boundary", "description": "Establishes which originals the scanner can capture and how its acquisition assembly is bounded.", "rationale": "Scanner identity and suitability depend on the original, illumination mode and positioning mechanism, not merely the presence of an image sensor.", "layers": [ { "id": "acquisition-identity", "name": "Acquisition identity", "description": "Locates the scanner function within a standalone device or a larger assembly.", "findings": [ { "id": "dedicated-scanning-arrangement", "name": "Dedicated scanning arrangement", "description": "Record the arrangement that presents an original to the optical system and distinguish the scanner kind from a product model or individual unit.", "questions": [ { "text": "What dedicated positioning, illumination and acquisition arrangement makes this an image scanner?", "kind": "definition", "id": "dedicated-scanning-arrangement-q01" }, { "text": "Is the scanning assembly standalone or part of a multifunction device, and where does its functional boundary end?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "dedicated-scanning-arrangement-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "original-compatibility", "name": "Original compatibility", "description": "Describes the physical and optical conditions under which an original can be captured.", "findings": [ { "id": "supported-original-envelope", "name": "Supported original envelope", "description": "Record supported sizes, media, illumination modes and mounting requirements, including exclusions for fragile or irregular originals.", "questions": [ { "text": "What width, length, thickness or object height can each capture path accommodate, in millimetres?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "supported-original-envelope-q01" }, { "text": "Which originals require transmitted light, a special holder or a non-feeding capture path?", "kind": "action", "id": "supported-original-envelope-q02" }, { "text": "Which documented restrictions exclude bound, curled, stapled, adhesive-bearing or fragile originals?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "supported-original-envelope-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "optical-capture-and-fidelity", "name": "Optical capture and fidelity", "description": "Describes how the scanner samples an original and how delivered image quality can be assessed.", "rationale": "A scanner may produce a large image file without resolving the detail, tones or geometry required for the intended use.", "layers": [ { "id": "sampling-and-tonal-capability", "name": "Sampling and tonal capability", "description": "Separates acquisition capability from output settings and software processing.", "findings": [ { "id": "native-versus-delivered-image", "name": "Native versus delivered image", "description": "Record native sampling, selected output sampling, colour channels and tonal precision without equating these settings with verified image quality.", "questions": [ { "text": "What native sampling is documented along each capture axis, and which selectable resolutions use interpolation?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "native-versus-delivered-image-q01" }, { "text": "What colour modes and delivered bits per channel are available, and how do they differ from internal processing precision?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "native-versus-delivered-image-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "calibration-and-image-assessment", "name": "Calibration and image assessment", "description": "Connects calibration and controlled checks to the fidelity of acquired images.", "findings": [ { "id": "capture-quality-evidence", "name": "Capture quality evidence", "description": "Record evidence of detail reproduction, tonal response, colour consistency, illumination uniformity and geometric accuracy under stated conditions.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which target, procedure and capture settings support the assessment of focus, tonal reproduction, colour and geometric accuracy?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "capture-quality-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "What observed streaking, clipping, shading, blur or distortion requires cleaning, recalibration or a different capture arrangement?", "kind": "action", "id": "capture-quality-evidence-q02" }, { "text": "Which automatic corrections affect the output, and can they be disabled when an uncorrected capture is required?", "kind": "action", "id": "capture-quality-evidence-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "scan-operation-and-delivery", "name": "Scan operation and delivery", "description": "Covers original movement, capture sequencing and delivery of acquired images.", "rationale": "Successful scanning requires both complete physical acquisition and reliable association of each output image with its original and side.", "layers": [ { "id": "positioning-and-sequencing", "name": "Positioning and sequencing", "description": "Describes placement, feed behaviour and the sequence of captures.", "findings": [ { "id": "complete-original-acquisition", "name": "Complete original acquisition", "description": "Record alignment, selected area, side handling and transport checks needed to avoid missing, duplicated or truncated content.", "questions": [ { "text": "How must the original be oriented and positioned, and how are capture edges or crop boundaries established?", "kind": "action", "id": "complete-original-acquisition-q01" }, { "text": "How does the scanner handle both sides, detect multiple feeds and preserve page order where those functions apply?", "kind": "definition", "id": "complete-original-acquisition-q02" }, { "text": "What acquisition time or throughput is achievable at the required settings, with pages and images counted separately?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "complete-original-acquisition-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "control-and-output-handoff", "name": "Control and output handoff", "description": "Identifies control dependencies and the evidence that image transfer has completed.", "findings": [ { "id": "retrievable-scan-result", "name": "Retrievable scan result", "description": "Record supported control interfaces, output paths and completion signals, separating device acquisition from downstream interpretation.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which documented interface, driver or application can configure the scanner and retrieve its images?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "retrievable-scan-result-q01" }, { "text": "How can an agent verify that every intended image was acquired and delivered after a cancellation, connection loss or retry?", "kind": "action", "id": "retrievable-scan-result-q02" }, { "text": "Which output transformations occur in the scanner, and which belong to host software or a downstream document service?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "retrievable-scan-result-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "readiness-care-and-safe-recovery", "name": "Readiness, care and safe recovery", "description": "Connects scanner condition, original protection and maintenance to permitted operations.", "rationale": "Dirty optics, worn feed parts, unsuitable power or unsafe recovery can degrade captures or damage originals even when the scanner remains responsive.", "layers": [ { "id": "readiness-and-protection", "name": "Readiness and protection", "description": "Establishes prerequisites for scanning and constraints during faults or access to moving parts.", "findings": [ { "id": "permitted-capture-state", "name": "Permitted capture state", "description": "Record power compatibility, startup status, transport locks, covers and any documented protective mechanisms before permitting acquisition.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which power, initialisation, transport-lock and cover conditions must be satisfied before this scanner can acquire an image?", "kind": "action", "id": "permitted-capture-state-q01" }, { "text": "Which protective mechanisms are actually fitted, and what operator actions are required when they stop or inhibit scanning?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "permitted-capture-state-q02" }, { "text": "Which safety or electromagnetic-compatibility requirements and conformity marks are documented for the product and intended jurisdiction?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "permitted-capture-state-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "maintenance-and-fault-recovery", "name": "Maintenance and fault recovery", "description": "Relates observable defects to documented cleaning, replacement and recovery procedures.", "findings": [ { "id": "restore-capture-without-original-damage", "name": "Restore capture without original damage", "description": "Record cleaning access, feed-component wear, calibration needs and recovery procedures appropriate to the scanner configuration.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which symptoms distinguish dirty glass or a calibration surface from feed slippage, illumination failure or a sensor fault?", "kind": "definition", "id": "restore-capture-without-original-damage-q01" }, { "text": "What documented procedure releases a jammed or mounted original without tearing, scratching or exposing the operator to moving parts?", "kind": "action", "id": "restore-capture-without-original-damage-q02" }, { "text": "Which surfaces, rollers, separation components or calibration materials require cleaning or replacement, and on what evidence or interval?", "kind": "action", "id": "restore-capture-without-original-damage-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "The assumed sense is a device for digitizing documents, photographs and similar originals, excluding medical imaging and security inspection scanners.", "Resolution figures describe common office equipment, not limits across all scanner kinds; optical sampling, interpolated resolution and measured resolving power must be distinguished.", "Standards are recalled without source consultation; applicable editions and market-specific legal requirements require verification." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of image scanner this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Flatbed scanner", "Sheet-fed document scanner", "Drum scanner", "Film and slide scanner", "Handheld scanner", "Overhead book scanner" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of image scanner this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Manufacturer model designation", "value_or_pattern": "Manufacturer-specific product name and model code", "note": "Identifies a scanner design or product variant, rather than the device kind or an individual unit." }, { "scheme": "Manufacturer serial number", "value_or_pattern": "Manufacturer-assigned alphanumeric identifier", "note": "Identifies an individual physical unit." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of image scanner this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "ISO 16067 series - International Organization for Standardization; spatial-resolution measurement for scanners used with photographic images.", "IEC 62368-1 - International Electrotechnical Commission; safety requirements for audio/video and information and communication technology equipment, applicable to many office scanners.", "CISPR 32 - IEC International Special Committee on Radio Interference; electromagnetic emission requirements for multimedia equipment.", "TWAIN specification - TWAIN Working Group; an interface between image-acquisition software and devices, including scanners." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of image scanner this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Digitizing paper documents for storage, retrieval and optical character recognition.", "Reproducing photographs and artwork.", "Digitizing photographic negatives and transparencies.", "Capturing bound books and archival materials.", "Capturing documents in administrative workflows, often using automatic feeding and duplex scanning." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of image scanner this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Advertised optical sampling resolution of common office flatbed scanners", "typical_range": "600-2400", "unit": "pixels per inch, commonly marketed as dpi" }, { "quantity": "Common nominal document formats", "typical_range": "A4: 210 × 297; US Letter: 215.9 × 279.4; A3: 297 × 420", "unit": "mm" }, { "quantity": "Common output bit depth per pixel", "typical_range": "1 for binary; 8 for grayscale; 24 for RGB color", "unit": "bit" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of image scanner this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Dust, fingerprints or scratches on the platen or optical path cause spots, streaks and reduced contrast.", "Worn or contaminated feed rollers cause skew, double feeding and paper jams; fragile originals may tear.", "Illumination, sensor or calibration faults cause banding, color casts and uneven brightness.", "Limited resolving power, clipping and inappropriate processing can discard fine detail or tonal information; interpolated resolution does not restore it.", "Moving feeder mechanisms can trap loose objects, while networked scanners can expose document contents through insecure storage or transmission." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of image scanner this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Office document handling commonly emphasizes A4 in many regions and US Letter in North America.", "Power supplies, plugs and required electrical-safety and electromagnetic-compatibility conformity differ by market." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of image scanner this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Digital camera", "difference": "A camera generally photographs a scene through a lens; a scanner is configured to digitize originals within a controlled capture area, although overhead scanners may use camera hardware." }, { "name": "Barcode reader", "difference": "Its primary function is decoding machine-readable symbols rather than delivering a general-purpose image of an original." }, { "name": "3D scanner", "difference": "Measures surface geometry or depth rather than primarily recording a two-dimensional image." }, { "name": "Photocopier", "difference": "Its defining function is producing copies on physical media; an image scanner produces digital image data, though a multifunction device can do both." }, { "name": "Optical character recognition", "difference": "A processing technique that derives text from images, rather than the physical device that captures them." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of image scanner this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does the registry intend image scanner to include dedicated overhead camera systems and industrial line-scan assemblies, or are either covered by neighbouring entries?", "Which existing Vercy models already cover this concept or its scanning subsystem, and should this entry link to one of them?", "Which primary sources establish configuration-specific capture envelopes, sampling capabilities and throughput ranges without treating one product's specifications as universal?", "Which issuing bodies and current standards govern scanner safety, electromagnetic compatibility and image-quality assessment for the intended applications and jurisdictions?", "Which configurations retain images internally or send them directly over a network, and what documented controls govern destination selection, retention and deletion?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 5, "layers": 9, "findings": 17, "questions": 31 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "device, machine or tool", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a image scanner, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to recognise an image scanner, assess its capture readiness and limitations, and choose a suitable, non-damaging digitisation operation.", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "manufactured", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "varies" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: self-scanning device, IBM optical mark and character readers, Amersham Typhoon 5, rotary scanner, Archivist book scanner, flatbed scanner, HP ScanJet, Epson Perfection V200 Photo, Fujitsu ScanSnap, drum scanner, flat bed scanner, film scanner.", "24 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 86 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a image scanner, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Mobility varies between examples.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by form, by the arrangement of its controls, and by markings - a plate, a model number, a certification mark. Form alone rarely separates two models that do very different things." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "self-scanning device", "IBM optical mark and character readers", "Amersham Typhoon 5", "rotary scanner", "Archivist book scanner", "flatbed scanner", "HP ScanJet", "Epson Perfection V200 Photo", "Fujitsu ScanSnap", "drum scanner", "flat bed scanner", "film scanner" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 86 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 24 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one image scanner from another, and a image scanner from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a image scanner, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a image scanner, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a image scanner is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a image scanner, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a image scanner, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a image scanner is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a image scanner sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a image scanner, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a image scanner, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a image scanner is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a image scanner from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a image scanner, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a image scanner, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a image scanner is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a image scanner is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a image scanner, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a image scanner, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a image scanner is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a image scanner is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a image scanner, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a image scanner, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a image scanner is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a image scanner is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a image scanner, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a image scanner, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a image scanner is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a image scanner is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a image scanner is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a image scanner, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a image scanner, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a image scanner is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a image scanner is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a image scanner, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a image scanner, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a image scanner is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a image scanner passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a image scanner between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a image scanner, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a image scanner, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a image scanner is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a image scanner, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a image scanner is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a image scanner, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a image scanner, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a image scanner is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "function-and-principle", "name": "Function and operating principle", "description": "What image scanner is for and how it achieves it.", "rationale": "Two devices with the same name can work on different principles, and the principle is what predicts failure and constrains use.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-function", "name": "Intended function", "description": "The job it does, and the jobs it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-record", "name": "Function, principle and variants", "description": "What it does, how, and which variants do it differently.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-record-q01", "text": "What function does image scanner perform, on what operating principle, and which variants differ in that principle?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "function-record-q02", "text": "What use falls outside the intended function but happens in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "capacity-and-rating", "name": "Capacity and rating", "description": "The numbers that say what it can do and where it stops.", "findings": [ { "id": "ratings", "name": "Ratings and their conditions", "description": "Rated capacity, power, throughput and the conditions each assumes.", "questions": [ { "id": "ratings-q01", "text": "What ratings characterise image scanner, in what units, and under what stated conditions?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "ratings-q02", "text": "What happens beyond the rating - degradation, refusal, damage - and how is that detected?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "operation-and-state", "name": "Operation, controls and state", "description": "How image scanner is operated and what state it is in right now.", "rationale": "An agent acting on a device needs its current state and the controls that change it, not just its specification.", "layers": [ { "id": "controls-and-modes", "name": "Controls and modes", "description": "What can be set, what that changes, and what is interlocked.", "findings": [ { "id": "control-surface", "name": "Control surface and interlocks", "description": "The settings available and the conditions that block them.", "questions": [ { "id": "control-surface-q01", "text": "What controls and modes does image scanner have, and what does each change?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "control-surface-q02", "text": "Which actions are interlocked or forbidden in which state, and what must be true before acting?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-maintenance", "name": "Condition and maintenance", "description": "Wear, service intervals, consumables and the line between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "service-record", "name": "Condition, service and consumables", "description": "What is consumed, what is serviced, and how condition is judged.", "questions": [ { "id": "service-record-q01", "text": "What consumables and service does image scanner need, at what interval, and on whose authority?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "service-record-q02", "text": "What evidence separates a unit that is working from one that is out of service?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "kind-model-unit", "name": "Kind, model and unit", "description": "Whether a claim about image scanner is about the kind, a product line, or one physical unit.", "rationale": "This is the boundary most often got wrong for made things, and getting it wrong mixes a catalogue entry with the machine in the yard.", "layers": [ { "id": "level-of-reference", "name": "Level of reference", "description": "The three levels and what belongs at each.", "findings": [ { "id": "level-rules", "name": "What belongs to kind, model and unit", "description": "Which properties are shared by all of them and which are not.", "questions": [ { "id": "level-rules-q01", "text": "Which facts about image scanner hold for every one of them, which for a model, and which only for one unit?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "level-rules-q02", "text": "What identifies an individual unit, and what should an agent do when it has only the kind?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "standards-and-conformity", "name": "Standards and conformity", "description": "The standards a working example must meet and who attests it.", "findings": [ { "id": "conformity", "name": "Standards, marks and attestation", "description": "Which standard applies, who certifies, and what the mark means.", "questions": [ { "id": "conformity-q01", "text": "Which standards govern image scanner, issued by whom, and what does conformity actually assert?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "conformity-q02", "text": "What may an agent conclude from a certification mark, and what may it not?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a image scanner came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a image scanner and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a image scanner, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a image scanner, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a image scanner is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a image scanner is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a image scanner, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a image scanner, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a image scanner is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }