{ "model": { "rank": 11699, "code": "thing-q828158", "model_id": "vr.tr.evapotranspiration", "name": "evapotranspiration", "purpose": "Let an agent explain evapotranspiration, relay components, controls, measurement and uses from hydrology, agronomy and climate sources, describe the biotic pump hypothesis with the debate attributed, and distinguish evapotranspiration from evaporation alone, transpiration alone, potential versus actual evapotranspiration and precipitation recycling.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Activities and processes", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "ACT", "domain": "ACT.PRC", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q828158/", "tier": 2, "score": 41, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "biotic pump" ], "aliasCount": 1, "merged": 1, "knownIn": 41, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q828158", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q828158", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-14T00:45:21Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 4, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q828158", "registryId": "vr.tr.evapotranspiration", "name": "evapotranspiration", "version": "0.2.0-wave.4", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "ACT.PRC" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q828158/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.evapotranspiration", "name": "evapotranspiration", "purpose": "Let an agent explain evapotranspiration, relay components, controls, measurement and uses from hydrology, agronomy and climate sources, describe the biotic pump hypothesis with the debate attributed, and distinguish evapotranspiration from evaporation alone, transpiration alone, potential versus actual evapotranspiration and precipitation recycling.", "definition": "The combined transfer of water to the atmosphere by evaporation from soil, water and plant surfaces and by transpiration through plant stomata, a major component of the water cycle and energy balance, estimated with methods such as the FAO-56 Penman-Monteith reference evapotranspiration equation, lysimeters, eddy covariance and satellite remote sensing, and used in irrigation scheduling, hydrology and climate studies; the registry alias biotic pump names a hypothesis proposed by Anastassia Makarieva and Victor Gorshkov in 2007 that forests drive moisture-laden winds inland through condensation, which is debated in atmospheric science and is a distinct idea, and positions are attributed.", "what_it_is_for": "Understanding water and energy exchange between land and atmosphere.", "affordances": [ "explain components and controls", "relay measurement methods", "relay uses in irrigation and hydrology", "present the biotic pump debate with attribution" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Two component fluxes", "Energy-limited or water-limited", "Key irrigation input", "Measured indirectly" ], "appearance": "Not directly visible; inferred from measurements, sometimes seen as mist over forests.", "visual_identification": [ "Evaporation plus transpiration", "Biotic pump", "Evaporation alone excludes plants; transpiration alone is plant water loss; potential ET is atmospheric demand; precipitation recycling is rain from local ET" ], "physical_properties": [ { "quantity": "FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper 56", "typical_range": "1998", "unit": "year", "note": "reference ET method" }, { "quantity": "global land ET share of precipitation", "typical_range": "about 60 percent", "unit": "note", "note": "estimate, attributed" }, { "quantity": "biotic pump hypothesis", "typical_range": "2007", "unit": "year", "note": "Makarieva and Gorshkov" } ], "families_and_kinds": [ "reference evapotranspiration", "potential evapotranspiration", "actual evapotranspiration", "crop evapotranspiration" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is part of", "target": "water cycle", "why": "related" }, { "relation": "includes", "target": "transpiration", "why": "" }, { "relation": "is estimated by", "target": "Penman-Monteith equation", "why": "" }, { "relation": "is contrasted with", "target": "biotic pump", "why": "debated hypothesis alias" } ], "identifiers": [], "standards_and_regulation": [ "FAO-56 guidelines", "ASCE standardised reference evapotranspiration equation" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Over-irrigation from wrong estimates", "Presenting the biotic pump as settled", "Confusing potential and actual ET" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "understand", "name": "Understand", "description": "What evapotranspiration is.", "rationale": "Science.", "layers": [ { "id": "definition", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-finding", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is evapotranspiration, and how does it differ from evaporation, transpiration, potential ET and precipitation recycling?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Is the question about irrigation, hydrology or climate research?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "pump", "name": "Biotic pump", "description": "Biotic pump hypothesis.", "findings": [ { "id": "pump-finding", "name": "Biotic pump", "description": "Biotic pump.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is the biotic pump hypothesis?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the specific concept?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "physics", "name": "Physics", "description": "Controls.", "rationale": "Science.", "layers": [ { "id": "energy", "name": "Energy", "description": "Energy balance.", "findings": [ { "id": "energy-finding", "name": "Energy", "description": "Energy.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do radiation, humidity, wind and soil moisture control ET?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which references are standard?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "stomata", "name": "Stomata", "description": "Plant control.", "findings": [ { "id": "stomata-finding", "name": "Stomata", "description": "Stomata.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do plants regulate transpiration through stomata?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which sources are cited?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "measurement", "name": "Measurement", "description": "Measurement.", "rationale": "Regulation.", "layers": [ { "id": "penman", "name": "Penman-Monteith", "description": "Reference ET.", "findings": [ { "id": "penman-finding", "name": "Penman-Monteith", "description": "Penman-Monteith.", "questions": [ { "text": "How is reference ET calculated with FAO-56 Penman-Monteith?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "text": "Which entry fits Penman-Monteith equation?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "remote", "name": "Remote sensing", "description": "Satellite ET.", "findings": [ { "id": "remote-finding", "name": "Remote sensing", "description": "Remote sensing.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do eddy covariance and satellites estimate actual ET?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "text": "Is the information current?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "context", "name": "Context", "description": "Debates.", "rationale": "Attribution.", "layers": [ { "id": "forests", "name": "Forests", "description": "Forests and rainfall.", "findings": [ { "id": "forests-finding", "name": "Forests", "description": "Forests.", "questions": [ { "text": "What do supporters and critics say about the biotic pump and forest-driven rainfall, with positions attributed?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is the presentation neutral and attributed?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "irrigation", "name": "Irrigation", "description": "Irrigation scheduling.", "findings": [ { "id": "irrigation-finding", "name": "Irrigation", "description": "Irrigation.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do farmers use crop coefficients and ET for irrigation?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits irrigation scheduling?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "The registry alias biotic pump should be moved to a separate hypothesis entry", "How should satellite ET products be linked?", "Should potential and actual ET be separate entries?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a evapotranspiration, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent explain evapotranspiration, relay components, controls, measurement and uses from hydrology, agronomy and climate sources, describe the biotic pump hypothesis with the debate attributed, and distinguish evapotranspiration from evaporation alone, transpiration alone, potential versus actual evapotranspiration and precipitation recycling.", "characteristics": { "substance": "activity", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: biotic pump.", "1 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 41 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a evapotranspiration, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "something that happens over time", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "biotic pump" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 41 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 1 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one evapotranspiration from another, and a evapotranspiration from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a evapotranspiration, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a evapotranspiration, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a evapotranspiration is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a evapotranspiration, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a evapotranspiration, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a evapotranspiration is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a evapotranspiration sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a evapotranspiration, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a evapotranspiration, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a evapotranspiration is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a evapotranspiration from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a evapotranspiration, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a evapotranspiration, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a evapotranspiration is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a evapotranspiration passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a evapotranspiration between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a evapotranspiration, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a evapotranspiration, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a evapotranspiration is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a evapotranspiration, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a evapotranspiration is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a evapotranspiration, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a evapotranspiration, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a evapotranspiration is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "process-and-outcome", "name": "Process, inputs and outcome", "description": "How a evapotranspiration proceeds, what it needs and what it leaves behind.", "rationale": "An activity is known by its steps and its results, and both have to be recordable while it is still running.", "layers": [ { "id": "steps-and-sequence", "name": "Steps and sequence", "description": "The steps of a evapotranspiration, their order and what may run in parallel.", "findings": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions", "name": "Steps, preconditions and completion", "description": "What has to be true before each step of a evapotranspiration and what marks it done.", "questions": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a step of a evapotranspiration, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a step of a evapotranspiration, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a step of a evapotranspiration is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-results", "name": "Inputs, resources and results", "description": "What a evapotranspiration consumes and what it produces.", "findings": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs", "name": "Inputs, outputs and side effects", "description": "The resources a evapotranspiration takes and the results it leaves, wanted or not.", "questions": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the inputs and results of a evapotranspiration, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the inputs and results of a evapotranspiration, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the inputs and results of a evapotranspiration is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What evapotranspiration is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of evapotranspiration are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is evapotranspiration operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of evapotranspiration and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of evapotranspiration?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as evapotranspiration?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a evapotranspiration came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a evapotranspiration and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a evapotranspiration, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a evapotranspiration, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a evapotranspiration is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a evapotranspiration is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a evapotranspiration, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a evapotranspiration, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a evapotranspiration is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }