{ "model": { "rank": 14241, "code": "thing-q829909", "model_id": "vr.tr.possession", "name": "possession", "purpose": "Let an agent explain possession as a legal and everyday relation, relay distinctions from ownership and custody, adverse possession and possession offences from legal sources, describe the named aliases and flag misfiled and unverified ones, route reporting of abuse material, and distinguish possession from ownership, custody, detention and spirit possession, without legal advice.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Cross-cutting context", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "XCT", "domain": "XCT.STA", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q829909/", "tier": 2, "score": 36, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "ghanima", "custody", "possession of child pornography", "car ownership", "chigyō", "biland", "ርሰት", "ichien chigyō" ], "aliasCount": 8, "merged": 8, "knownIn": 36, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": "vr.tr.possession-location", "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q829909", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q829909", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-14T01:27:58Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 4, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q829909", "registryId": "vr.tr.possession", "name": "possession", "version": "0.2.0-wave.4", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "XCT.STA" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q829909/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.possession", "name": "possession", "purpose": "Let an agent explain possession as a legal and everyday relation, relay distinctions from ownership and custody, adverse possession and possession offences from legal sources, describe the named aliases and flag misfiled and unverified ones, route reporting of abuse material, and distinguish possession from ownership, custody, detention and spirit possession, without legal advice.", "definition": "In law and everyday use, the relation of having physical control over a thing, with or without the intention of ownership, distinguished in legal systems from ownership, which is the legal right to a thing, and relevant to property law, adverse possession and criminal offences of possessing prohibited items; registry aliases name custody, a form of control without full possession in some systems and also the care of children, car ownership, which is ownership rather than possession, chigyo, a feudal Japanese right to land revenues, and ghanima, spoils of war in Islamic law, which is a kind of property rather than a relation, while biland could not be verified, and possession of child sexual abuse material is a serious criminal offence listed here as a legal category only. Spirit possession is a different sense. Specific legal questions need a qualified lawyer.", "what_it_is_for": "Describing control over things in law and daily life.", "affordances": [ "explain possession versus ownership", "relay legal doctrines", "describe named aliases", "route reporting and legal questions" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Control plus intention", "Separate from ownership", "Basis for adverse possession", "Element of possession offences" ], "appearance": "Not a physical object; a legal relation shown by control and intention.", "visual_identification": [ "Physical control over a thing", "Ghanima, custody, possession of child sexual abuse material, car ownership, chigyo, biland", "Ownership is a legal right; custody can be control for another; detention is holding a person; spirit possession is a religious concept" ], "physical_properties": [ { "quantity": "Roman law distinction", "typical_range": "possessio and dominium", "unit": "note", "note": "" }, { "quantity": "adverse possession periods", "typical_range": "vary, often 10-20 years", "unit": "note", "note": "by jurisdiction" }, { "quantity": "registry parent", "typical_range": "relation", "unit": "note", "note": "" } ], "families_and_kinds": [ "actual and constructive possession", "adverse possession", "possession offences", "historical landholding rights" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "relation", "why": "in registry terms" }, { "relation": "is contrasted with", "target": "ownership", "why": "" }, { "relation": "is related to", "target": "adverse possession", "why": "" }, { "relation": "is contrasted with", "target": "spirit possession", "why": "different sense" } ], "identifiers": [], "standards_and_regulation": [ "Property and civil codes", "Criminal laws on possession offences", "Land registration laws affecting adverse possession" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Giving legal advice", "Conflating possession and ownership", "Misfiled aliases" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "understand", "name": "Understand", "description": "What possession is.", "rationale": "Regulation.", "layers": [ { "id": "definition", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-finding", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is possession, and how does it differ from ownership, custody, detention and spirit possession?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Has someone found child sexual abuse material, in which case do not share it and report it to police or a national reporting hotline, and seek legal advice for any legal matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "aliases", "name": "Aliases", "description": "Named aliases.", "findings": [ { "id": "aliases-finding", "name": "Aliases", "description": "Aliases.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are custody, car ownership, chigyo and ghanima, and what might biland mean?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the specific concept?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "law", "name": "Law", "description": "Legal doctrines.", "rationale": "Regulation.", "layers": [ { "id": "roman", "name": "Roman law", "description": "Possessio.", "findings": [ { "id": "roman-finding", "name": "Roman law", "description": "Roman law.", "questions": [ { "text": "How did Roman law distinguish possession from ownership?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which references are standard?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "adverse", "name": "Adverse possession", "description": "Adverse possession.", "findings": [ { "id": "adverse-finding", "name": "Adverse possession", "description": "Adverse possession.", "questions": [ { "text": "How does adverse possession work in general terms, and how does registration affect it?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which sources are cited?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "history", "name": "History", "description": "Historical rights.", "rationale": "Sources.", "layers": [ { "id": "chigyo", "name": "Chigyo", "description": "Japanese landholding.", "findings": [ { "id": "chigyo-finding", "name": "Chigyo", "description": "Chigyo.", "questions": [ { "text": "What was chigyo in feudal Japan?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits shoen?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "ghanima", "name": "Ghanima", "description": "Spoils in Islamic law.", "findings": [ { "id": "ghanima-finding", "name": "Ghanima", "description": "Ghanima.", "questions": [ { "text": "How did classical Islamic jurisprudence treat ghanima, as historians describe?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is the presentation neutral and attributed?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "context", "name": "Context", "description": "Offences.", "rationale": "Regulation.", "layers": [ { "id": "offences", "name": "Offences", "description": "Possession offences.", "findings": [ { "id": "offences-finding", "name": "Offences", "description": "Offences.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do criminal laws define knowing possession of prohibited items, in general terms?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is the information current?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "terms", "name": "Terminology", "description": "Current terminology.", "findings": [ { "id": "terms-finding", "name": "Terminology", "description": "Terminology.", "questions": [ { "text": "Why do child protection bodies prefer the term child sexual abuse material?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits Luxembourg Guidelines?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "The registry aliases ghanima and chigyo should be moved to historical property entries", "The registry alias biland could not be verified and should be reviewed", "The registry alias for an abuse material offence should be moved to criminal offence entries using current terminology" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a possession, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent explain possession as a legal and everyday relation, relay distinctions from ownership and custody, adverse possession and possession offences from legal sources, describe the named aliases and flag misfiled and unverified ones, route reporting of abuse material, and distinguish possession from ownership, custody, detention and spirit possession, without legal advice.", "characteristics": { "substance": "abstract", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: ghanima, custody, possession of child pornography, car ownership, chigyō, biland, ርሰት, ichien chigyō.", "8 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 36 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a possession, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "an abstraction with no physical instance", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "ghanima", "custody", "possession of child pornography", "car ownership", "chigyō", "biland", "ርሰት", "ichien chigyō" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 36 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 8 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one possession from another, and a possession from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a possession, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a possession, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a possession is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a possession, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a possession, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a possession is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a possession sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a possession, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a possession, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a possession is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a possession from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a possession, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a possession, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a possession is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a possession passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a possession between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a possession, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a possession, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a possession is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a possession, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a possession is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a possession, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a possession, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a possession is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What possession is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of possession are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is possession operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of possession and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of possession?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as possession?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a possession came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a possession and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a possession, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a possession, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a possession is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a possession is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a possession, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a possession, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a possession is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 5, "layers": 10, "findings": 12, "questions": 32 } } } }