circumcision
Let an agent explain male circumcision factually: its religious and cultural contexts, medical uses and evidence, ethical debates and legal status, without giving individual medical advice.
Bundle → Layer → Finding → Questions Filled
4 bundles · 8 layers · 8 findings · 16 questions
Practice What the procedure is.
Procedure
What is removed and how, in general.
Description
General description without technique.
- What does the procedure remove? definition
- Who performs it in this context? provenance
Age and setting
Neonatal, child, adult.
Setting
Age, provider and setting.
- At what age and in what setting is it done? definition
- Is a trained clinician involved? boundary
Context Why it is done.
Religion and culture
Religious rites and traditions.
Religious context
Community and meaning.
- Which tradition does this concern? definition
- What meaning does it have there? definition
Medical reasons
Indications and prevention.
Medical indication
Conditions such as symptomatic pathological phimosis or recurrent balanitis; normal childhood non-retractability is not a disease.
- For which medical reasons is it performed? provenance
- Which authority recommends it, for whom? provenance
Evidence and risks Benefits and harms.
Evidence
Studies and positions.
Evidence summary
Findings and sources.
- What do health authorities state about benefits? provenance
- In which populations does the evidence apply? boundary
Complications
Risks.
Complications
Types and frequency.
- Which complications are reported? measurement
- How does the setting affect the risk? definition
Ethics and law Debates and rules.
Ethics
Consent and rights.
Ethical debate
Informed consent, parental permission and a child's assent, by age, capacity and jurisdiction.
- What are the main ethical positions? definition
- Who holds them? provenance
Law
Legal status by jurisdiction.
Legal rules
Laws and guidance.
- What does the law of this jurisdiction say? provenance
- Who may perform it lawfully? boundary
Classifiers Filled
- Family
- Thing Registry
- Category
- Activities and processes
- Entry kind
- thing
- Plane
- ACT
- Domain
- ACT.ACT
- Other names and narrower kinds
- circumcision in Africa, Unicirc, forced circumcision, partial circumcision, religious male circumcision, circumcision in Madagascar
What it is Filled
The surgical removal of some or all of the foreskin (prepuce) of the penis, performed for religious, cultural or medical reasons, from infancy to adulthood.
Why it exists Filled
Let an agent explain male circumcision factually: its religious and cultural contexts, medical uses and evidence, ethical debates and legal status, without giving individual medical advice.
Distinguishing features Filled
- Refers to the removal of the male foreskin.
- Distinct from female genital mutilation, which the WHO treats as a human rights violation with no health benefits.
- Medical circumcision is done by trained providers with anaesthesia and sterile technique.
What robots and AI may and may not do Filled
Must not
- give instructions for performing the procedure
- advise a person or family for or against it
- disparage religious communities
Only with a human decision
- any individual decision, which belongs with the person or family and a qualified clinician
May
- explain contexts, evidence and positions with sources
Moral aspects Filled
- bodily integrity and consent of children
- religious freedom
- safety of traditional practices
Who is affected
- children and men
- families and religious communities
Owners Filled
Steward
nobody; a procedure governed by medical practice and law
Links to other meta-models Filled
parent
- Q23009442 - registry parent class
- Q3309852 - registry parent class
- Q796194 - registry parent class
related
- surgical procedure - minor surgery
- female genital mutilation - a different practice condemned internationally
- HIV prevention - WHO-recommended in some settings
- religious rite - in Judaism and Islam
What else AI and robots need to interact with it Filled
Identity and identifiers required Filled
- Vercy registry: vr.tr.circumcision
- Wikidata: Q83345 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83345)
Direct properties not applicable Not applicable
Not applicable
A procedure has no physical properties of its own.
Recognition optional Filled
- Not a topic for visual identification
Capabilities and actions required Filled
- explain religious and cultural contexts
- summarise health authority positions with sources
- explain the ethical debate around consent
- state legal rules in a jurisdiction from sources
Hazards and failure modes required Filled
- Bleeding, infection and surgical complications, more likely when done without trained providers
- Disputes over consent of minors
Standards and interfaces required Filled
- WHO and UNAIDS recommendations on voluntary medical male circumcision for HIV prevention
- National laws and professional guidance on circumcision of minors
Context of use required Filled
- Religious observance and cultural tradition, treatment of some medical conditions, and since 2007 part of WHO and UNAIDS combination HIV prevention in generalized heterosexual epidemics, where it gives partial protection to men.
- neonatal circumcision
- religious circumcision (Jewish brit milah, Islamic khitan)
- voluntary medical male circumcision for HIV prevention
- therapeutic circumcision for medical conditions
- adult circumcision
Sources Filled
- Q83345 - identity of the registry item, labels and sitelinks
- Circumcision - general description of the subject
- Circumcision - medical reasons and risks
- Preventing HIV through safe voluntary medical male circumcision for adolescent boys and men in generalized HIV epidemics - WHO recommendation
- Female genital mutilation - distinction from FGM
Open questions
- The registry merges regional articles and devices (such as circumcision devices); which deserve separate entries?
Machine files
Provenance
thing registry research (pass 2) · unreviewed
Built from: models/things/publications/thing-q83345/spec.json