{ "model": { "rank": 2189, "code": "thing-q83360", "model_id": "vr.tr.thumb", "name": "thumb", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a thumb, record its structure and functional state, and judge which interactions require adaptation, protection or further assessment.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.OBJ", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q83360/", "tier": 2, "score": 113, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "adult thumb", "juvenile thumb", "opposable thumb", "right thumb", "left thumb" ], "aliasCount": 5, "merged": 5, "knownIn": 113, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": "vr.tr.thumb-artifact", "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q83360", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83360", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T10:27:38Z", "providers": [ "Codex", "Grok" ], "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "usd": 0.00897804, "turns": 1, "seconds": 140.6, "error": null }, "codex": { "seconds": 75.7, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07b63-c096-7900-8534-7e0076921f61\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: thumb\nRegistry id: vr.tr.thumb\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.LIV\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\nA Vercy model" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q83360", "registryId": "vr.tr.thumb", "name": "thumb", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.LIV" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q83360/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.thumb", "name": "thumb", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a thumb, record its structure and functional state, and judge which interactions require adaptation, protection or further assessment.", "definition": "The thumb (pollex; digitus I of the manus) is the radial-most digital ray of the primate hand, distinguished in humans by two phalanges, a saddle-shaped trapeziometacarpal joint, and thenar musculature that together permit palmar abduction, pronation and opposition to the other digits.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the thumb as a living first digit of a hand, including its attachment, tissues, movement, sensation and contribution to hand tasks; human anatomy is the working scope pending confirmation of the registry's species boundary.", "in_scope": [ "Thumb identity, laterality and attachment to a particular hand", "Present anatomical structures, including congenital variation, injury and reconstruction", "Thumb movement, opposition, sensation and task-specific control", "Local tissue condition, symptoms and changes over time", "Thumb participation in pinch, grasp and interaction with tools or controls" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Whole-hand coordination and the condition of other digits", "Wrist, forearm and proximal limb anatomy except as contextual relationships", "Person-wide disease, treatment plans and clinical diagnoses", "Prosthetic thumbs, robotic grippers and their mechanical specifications", "Gloves, splints, tools and interface controls as independently modelled objects" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Identify it by first-digit position and attachment within the hand; size or apparent opposability alone does not establish thumb identity.", "Distinguish it from a great toe by its attachment to a hand rather than a foot; a transferred toe requires reconstruction history to describe its current role.", "Check whether movement brings its pad toward the fingers or palm, while recognising that absent opposition does not rule out an injured or atypical thumb.", "Use the typical human pattern of two phalanges and a distinct metacarpal as supporting anatomical evidence, allowing for congenital variation and missing structures.", "Distinguish living thumb tissue from a prosthetic replacement or cosmetic extension, recording their relationship when both are present." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Hand attachment and laterality", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Linked hand; left, right, other or unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Locates the thumb and prevents observations or restrictions being assigned to the wrong side." }, { "name": "Anatomical configuration", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Present segments and joints; congenital variation, acquired loss, reconstruction or unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Establishes which structures exist without treating typical anatomy as mandatory." }, { "name": "Joint movement", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Degrees by named joint and movement; active or passive; method and position recorded", "why_it_matters": "Separates movement limitations that otherwise look like a single inability to use the thumb." }, { "name": "Opposition performance", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Named contact targets reached, or score under an explicitly identified protocol", "why_it_matters": "Records whether the thumb can position its pad for relevant contacts." }, { "name": "Pinch performance", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Force in N with pinch type, instrument, posture and symptom response", "why_it_matters": "Supports task comparisons while preserving the role of the opposing fingers and test conditions." }, { "name": "Sensory response", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Response by thumb region and named sensory test; reported, observed or unassessed", "why_it_matters": "Records sensory limitations relevant to contact control and unnoticed harm." }, { "name": "Local tissue condition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Skin, nail and deeper-tissue observations with location, time and assessment method", "why_it_matters": "Makes local changes and vulnerable contact surfaces visible." }, { "name": "Symptoms during use", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Symptom type, location, severity under a named scale, provoking activity and duration", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes available movement from movement the person can comfortably sustain." }, { "name": "Task participation", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Linked task and contact role; independent, adapted, assisted, unable or unassessed", "why_it_matters": "Connects thumb capability to actual activity rather than inferring it from anatomy alone." } ], "affordances": [ "Identify and track the same thumb across observations, images and assessments.", "Record demonstrated opposition, movement and contact patterns under documented conditions.", "Assess its contribution to a specified pinch, grasp or control operation.", "Select interface or tool-use adaptations based on observed reach, contact and tolerance.", "Record protective measures and externally established restrictions affecting thumb use.", "Flag changes or missing evidence that require qualified assessment before increasing demands." ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "wikipedia-thumb", "title": "Thumb (Encyclopædia article), Wikipedia / Wikimedia Foundation", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thumb", "what_it_supports": "Common-name identity, two-phalanx structure, opposition, and distinction from other digits.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "wikidata-q83360", "title": "thumb (Q83360), Wikidata / Wikimedia Foundation", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83360", "what_it_supports": "Stable public identifier and cross-links into anatomical nomenclatures.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "grays-anatomy", "title": "Gray's Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice, Elsevier", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Osteology of the first ray, trapeziometacarpal saddle joint, thenar muscles, and opposition." }, { "id": "ta2-fipat", "title": "Terminologia Anatomica 2, FIPAT / International Federation of Associations of Anatomists", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Official Latin term pollex / digitus I as the anatomical name of the thumb." }, { "id": "kapandji-1986", "title": "Cotation clinique de l'opposition et de la contre-opposition du pouce, Annales de Chirurgie de la Main (Masson/Elsevier), 1986", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Kapandji 0-10 clinical score used to measure thumb opposition." }, { "id": "iso-7250-1", "title": "ISO 7250-1: Basic human body measurements for technological design - Part 1, International Organization for Standardization", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Standardised anthropometric landmarks and hand/thumb dimensions for design." } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "thumb-identity-and-configuration", "name": "Thumb identity and configuration", "description": "Establishes which thumb is being modelled and which anatomical structures it contains.", "rationale": "Thumb identity must survive differences in appearance, congenital anatomy and acquired structural change.", "layers": [ { "id": "hand-attachment", "name": "Hand attachment", "description": "Locates the digit within a particular hand and resolves ambiguous identity.", "findings": [ { "id": "first-digit-identification", "name": "First-digit identification", "description": "Records the evidence that this structure is the hand's thumb and identifies its side.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which hand and side does this thumb belong to, and what establishes its first-digit identity?", "kind": "definition", "id": "first-digit-identification-q01" }, { "text": "Does atypical anatomy or reconstruction make the boundary between thumb, another digit and replacement uncertain?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "first-digit-identification-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "structural-configuration", "name": "Structural configuration", "description": "Describes present thumb segments, joints and structural history.", "findings": [ { "id": "present-segments-and-joints", "name": "Present segments and joints", "description": "Records actual anatomy and separates observed structures from presumed typical anatomy.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which thumb segments and joints are present, absent, fused, duplicated or reconstructed?", "kind": "definition", "id": "present-segments-and-joints-q01" }, { "text": "Which observations or records establish whether this configuration is congenital, acquired or reconstructed?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "present-segments-and-joints-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "thumb-motion-and-opposition", "name": "Thumb motion and opposition", "description": "Captures joint movement and the ability to position the thumb for contact.", "rationale": "A thumb may be identifiable yet unable to reach, rotate or oppose as a particular task requires.", "layers": [ { "id": "joint-specific-motion", "name": "Joint-specific motion", "description": "Separates movement at the thumb base, metacarpophalangeal joint and interphalangeal joint where present.", "findings": [ { "id": "available-movement", "name": "Available movement", "description": "Records movement by joint, direction and assessment conditions.", "questions": [ { "text": "What active or professionally assessed passive movement is recorded at each present thumb joint?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "available-movement-q01" }, { "text": "Which posture, method, symptoms or compensating hand movements affected the measurement?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "available-movement-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "opposition-and-contact-reach", "name": "Opposition and contact reach", "description": "Records thumb-pad positioning relative to the fingers, palm and task targets.", "findings": [ { "id": "reachable-contact-targets", "name": "Reachable contact targets", "description": "Distinguishes touching a target from achieving the contact orientation needed for use.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which finger or palm targets can the thumb reach, and which thumb surface makes contact?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "reachable-contact-targets-q01" }, { "text": "Does the required contact depend on assistance or compensating movement elsewhere in the hand?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "reachable-contact-targets-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "thumb-contact-and-control", "name": "Thumb contact and control", "description": "Connects thumb sensation and force control to pinch and grasp.", "rationale": "Reach alone cannot establish whether thumb contact is sensed, controlled or sustained.", "layers": [ { "id": "thumb-sensation", "name": "Thumb sensation", "description": "Locates sensory observations on the thumb's contact and non-contact surfaces.", "findings": [ { "id": "regional-sensory-response", "name": "Regional sensory response", "description": "Records sensory evidence without inferring a nerve diagnosis from symptoms alone.", "questions": [ { "text": "What sensory responses or reported alterations are recorded at the pad, tip and other specified thumb regions?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "regional-sensory-response-q01" }, { "text": "Were these responses self-reported or assessed using a named method, and when?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "regional-sensory-response-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "pinch-and-grasp-contribution", "name": "Pinch and grasp contribution", "description": "Records thumb performance as one participant in a coordinated hand action.", "findings": [ { "id": "task-specific-contact-control", "name": "Task-specific contact control", "description": "Captures force, slip, release and symptom response for a specified contact pattern.", "questions": [ { "text": "For the specified pinch or grasp, what force, contact stability and controlled release were demonstrated?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "task-specific-contact-control-q01" }, { "text": "Which opposing digits, object properties and hand posture contributed to that result?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "task-specific-contact-control-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "thumb-condition-and-change", "name": "Thumb condition and change", "description": "Records local tissue observations, symptoms and their trajectory.", "rationale": "Thumb use must account for changing contact surfaces and symptoms as well as established capability.", "layers": [ { "id": "thumb-tissue-observations", "name": "Thumb tissue observations", "description": "Locates observations at the nail, tip, pad, joints and base.", "findings": [ { "id": "local-tissue-state", "name": "Local tissue state", "description": "Captures visible or assessed abnormalities while keeping interpretation separate from observation.", "questions": [ { "text": "Where are skin breaks, swelling, nail changes, colour changes or other tissue observations located?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "local-tissue-state-q01" }, { "text": "Which observations have been directly assessed, and which remain reports or uncertain image interpretations?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "local-tissue-state-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "symptoms-and-trajectory", "name": "Symptoms and trajectory", "description": "Relates thumb symptoms and functional changes to time and activity.", "findings": [ { "id": "change-from-thumb-baseline", "name": "Change from thumb baseline", "description": "Records onset, persistence and departure from the person's previous thumb state.", "questions": [ { "text": "What changed in thumb pain, sensation, movement or usable contact, and over what interval?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "change-from-thumb-baseline-q01" }, { "text": "What activity or event preceded the change, and is that association reported or independently documented?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "change-from-thumb-baseline-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "thumb-use-and-protection", "name": "Thumb use and protection", "description": "Connects recorded capability to task demands, adaptations and established restrictions.", "rationale": "An agent needs task-specific grounds for proposing thumb use and clear limits on what the evidence permits.", "layers": [ { "id": "task-demand-fit", "name": "Task demand fit", "description": "Compares a task's thumb reach, contact, force and repetition demands with demonstrated performance.", "findings": [ { "id": "thumb-task-compatibility", "name": "Thumb task compatibility", "description": "Records whether a particular interaction is achievable and what adaptation it needs.", "questions": [ { "text": "What thumb position, contact surface, force and repetition does the proposed task require?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "thumb-task-compatibility-q01" }, { "text": "Which demonstrated adaptation makes the task achievable within recorded tolerance and restrictions?", "kind": "action", "id": "thumb-task-compatibility-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "protection-and-assessment-limits", "name": "Protection and assessment limits", "description": "Records protective arrangements and the authority behind limits on thumb loading or movement.", "findings": [ { "id": "supported-use-boundaries", "name": "Supported use boundaries", "description": "Separates demonstrated capability from permission to increase demands or alter protective arrangements.", "questions": [ { "text": "What current restrictions or protective measures apply specifically to this thumb, and who established them?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "supported-use-boundaries-q01" }, { "text": "What missing assessment or unresolved change prevents a justified decision about the proposed thumb use?", "kind": "action", "id": "supported-use-boundaries-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Typical biphalangeal human thumb", "Triphalangeal thumb (congenital extra phalanx)", "Hypoplastic or aplastic thumb, including floating thumb (Blauth types)", "Duplicated thumb / preaxial polydactyly (Wassel types)", "Trigger thumb (stenosing tenosynovitis of flexor pollicis longus)", "Hitchhiker's thumb (hypermobile interphalangeal joint)", "Nonhuman primate thumb (vestigial to fully opposable)", "Surgically reconstructed thumb (index pollicization or toe-to-thumb transfer)" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of thumb this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Wikidata", "value_or_pattern": "Q83360", "note": "Item for the anatomical thumb." }, { "scheme": "Terminologia Anatomica", "value_or_pattern": "pollex; digitus I (manus)", "note": "Official Latin name; TA2 numbering should be taken from the current FIPAT release rather than remembered TA98 codes." }, { "scheme": "MeSH", "value_or_pattern": "D013932", "note": "Heading Thumb." }, { "scheme": "SNOMED CT", "value_or_pattern": "76505004", "note": "Thumb structure (body structure)." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of thumb this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Terminologia Anatomica 2 - FIPAT / International Federation of Associations of Anatomists (anatomical nomenclature).", "ISO 7250-1 - International Organization for Standardization (anthropometric landmarks including thumb/hand measures).", "AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment - American Medical Association (thumb loss is scored as a large fraction of hand function).", "ICD-10 S60-S69 (thumb as a coded laterality-specific body region for injury) - World Health Organization." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of thumb this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Precision pinch and power grip in tool use, writing, feeding and object manipulation.", "Clinical tests of median-nerve and thenar function (opposition, palmar abduction, pulp pinch, Kapandji score).", "Forensic and civil identification via thumbprints.", "Reconstructive hand surgery: pollicization of the index finger and microvascular toe-to-thumb transfer.", "Occupational and sports injury clinics (skier's thumb, basal joint pain, trigger thumb, vibration-tool use).", "Anthropometric design of gloves, hand tools, controls and touchscreen targets." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of thumb this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Phalanx count of the thumb ray (typical human)", "typical_range": "2", "unit": "count" }, { "quantity": "Interphalangeal flexion range of motion", "typical_range": "0-80", "unit": "degree" }, { "quantity": "Metacarpophalangeal flexion range of motion", "typical_range": "0-55", "unit": "degree" }, { "quantity": "Carpometacarpal palmar abduction", "typical_range": "0-45", "unit": "degree" }, { "quantity": "Kapandji opposition score", "typical_range": "0-10", "unit": "score" }, { "quantity": "Pulp static two-point discrimination", "typical_range": "2-5", "unit": "mm" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of thumb this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Ulnar collateral ligament rupture at the thumb metacarpophalangeal joint (skier's thumb / gamekeeper's thumb), with pinch instability.", "Trapeziometacarpal (basal) osteoarthritis, a common cause of pain and weakened pinch in older adults.", "Trigger thumb from stenosis of the flexor pollicis longus sheath at the A1 pulley.", "Bennett and Rolando fractures of the first metacarpal base; traumatic amputation (thumb loss is functionally costly).", "Congenital hypoplasia, aplasia or duplication requiring reconstruction or pollicization.", "Median-nerve palsy with loss of opposition and thenar atrophy.", "Closed-space pulp infection (felon) and paronychia, which threaten the terminal tuft and flexor sheath." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of thumb this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Whether the thumb is counted as a 'finger' differs by language and legal phrasing (English often separates 'thumb' from 'fingers'; many other languages treat it as digit I among five).", "Common names: Latin pollex, French pouce, German Daumen, Japanese oyayubi ('parent finger').", "Population frequency of hitchhiker's (distally hypermobile) thumb varies.", "Counting and pointing gestures start on the thumb in some cultures and on the index finger in others." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of thumb this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Fingers (digits II-V)", "difference": "Those rays normally have three phalanges and no saddle trapeziometacarpal joint capable of true opposition." }, { "name": "Thenar eminence", "difference": "The thenar is the palmar muscle mass at the base of the first ray, not the digit itself." }, { "name": "Hallux (great toe)", "difference": "Serial homologue with two phalanges, but in humans it lacks a saddle carpometatarsal joint and cannot oppose the other toes." }, { "name": "Giant panda 'thumb'", "difference": "An enlarged radial sesamoid used as a false digit; it is not a phalangeal ray." }, { "name": "First metacarpal", "difference": "The proximal bone of the thumb ray; the named digit in clinical speech is the phalangeal portion distal to the metacarpophalangeal joint, though the whole first ray is often treated as the thumb." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of thumb this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does the registry intend thumb to cover humans only, other animals' first digits, or a broader functional category?", "Where should ownership fall between thumb and hand models for the first metacarpal, thumb-base joint and shared muscles or tendons?", "How should congenital duplication, transferred digits and mixed biological-prosthetic reconstructions preserve registry identity?", "Which validated movement, opposition, sensation and pinch protocols should be supported, and when are their results comparable?", "Which authoritative criteria should govern escalation for changes in thumb condition, and how should population and clinical context modify them?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 18, "questions": 28 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "device, machine or tool", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a thumb, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a thumb, record its structure and functional state, and judge which interactions require adaptation, protection or further assessment.", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "manufactured", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "varies" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: adult thumb, juvenile thumb, opposable thumb, right thumb, left thumb.", "5 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 113 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a thumb, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Mobility varies between examples.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by form, by the arrangement of its controls, and by markings - a plate, a model number, a certification mark. Form alone rarely separates two models that do very different things." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "adult thumb", "juvenile thumb", "opposable thumb", "right thumb", "left thumb" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 113 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 5 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one thumb from another, and a thumb from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a thumb, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a thumb, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a thumb is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a thumb, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a thumb, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a thumb is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a thumb sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a thumb, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a thumb, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a thumb is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a thumb from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a thumb, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a thumb, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a thumb is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a thumb is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a thumb, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a thumb, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a thumb is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a thumb is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a thumb, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a thumb, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a thumb is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a thumb is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a thumb, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a thumb, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a thumb is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a thumb is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a thumb is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a thumb, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a thumb, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a thumb is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a thumb is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a thumb, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a thumb, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a thumb is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a thumb passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a thumb between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a thumb, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a thumb, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a thumb is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a thumb, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a thumb is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a thumb, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a thumb, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a thumb is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "function-and-principle", "name": "Function and operating principle", "description": "What thumb is for and how it achieves it.", "rationale": "Two devices with the same name can work on different principles, and the principle is what predicts failure and constrains use.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-function", "name": "Intended function", "description": "The job it does, and the jobs it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-record", "name": "Function, principle and variants", "description": "What it does, how, and which variants do it differently.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-record-q01", "text": "What function does thumb perform, on what operating principle, and which variants differ in that principle?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "function-record-q02", "text": "What use falls outside the intended function but happens in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "capacity-and-rating", "name": "Capacity and rating", "description": "The numbers that say what it can do and where it stops.", "findings": [ { "id": "ratings", "name": "Ratings and their conditions", "description": "Rated capacity, power, throughput and the conditions each assumes.", "questions": [ { "id": "ratings-q01", "text": "What ratings characterise thumb, in what units, and under what stated conditions?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "ratings-q02", "text": "What happens beyond the rating - degradation, refusal, damage - and how is that detected?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "operation-and-state", "name": "Operation, controls and state", "description": "How thumb is operated and what state it is in right now.", "rationale": "An agent acting on a device needs its current state and the controls that change it, not just its specification.", "layers": [ { "id": "controls-and-modes", "name": "Controls and modes", "description": "What can be set, what that changes, and what is interlocked.", "findings": [ { "id": "control-surface", "name": "Control surface and interlocks", "description": "The settings available and the conditions that block them.", "questions": [ { "id": "control-surface-q01", "text": "What controls and modes does thumb have, and what does each change?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "control-surface-q02", "text": "Which actions are interlocked or forbidden in which state, and what must be true before acting?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-maintenance", "name": "Condition and maintenance", "description": "Wear, service intervals, consumables and the line between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "service-record", "name": "Condition, service and consumables", "description": "What is consumed, what is serviced, and how condition is judged.", "questions": [ { "id": "service-record-q01", "text": "What consumables and service does thumb need, at what interval, and on whose authority?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "service-record-q02", "text": "What evidence separates a unit that is working from one that is out of service?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "kind-model-unit", "name": "Kind, model and unit", "description": "Whether a claim about thumb is about the kind, a product line, or one physical unit.", "rationale": "This is the boundary most often got wrong for made things, and getting it wrong mixes a catalogue entry with the machine in the yard.", "layers": [ { "id": "level-of-reference", "name": "Level of reference", "description": "The three levels and what belongs at each.", "findings": [ { "id": "level-rules", "name": "What belongs to kind, model and unit", "description": "Which properties are shared by all of them and which are not.", "questions": [ { "id": "level-rules-q01", "text": "Which facts about thumb hold for every one of them, which for a model, and which only for one unit?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "level-rules-q02", "text": "What identifies an individual unit, and what should an agent do when it has only the kind?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "standards-and-conformity", "name": "Standards and conformity", "description": "The standards a working example must meet and who attests it.", "findings": [ { "id": "conformity", "name": "Standards, marks and attestation", "description": "Which standard applies, who certifies, and what the mark means.", "questions": [ { "id": "conformity-q01", "text": "Which standards govern thumb, issued by whom, and what does conformity actually assert?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "conformity-q02", "text": "What may an agent conclude from a certification mark, and what may it not?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a thumb came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a thumb and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a thumb, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a thumb, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a thumb is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a thumb is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a thumb, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a thumb, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a thumb is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }