{ "model": { "rank": 3041, "code": "thing-q83418", "model_id": "vr.tr.normans", "name": "Normans", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a historically situated Norman collective, assess the evidence for its identity and continuity, and decide which classifications, comparisons and attributions are justified.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Society, people and institutions", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "SOC", "domain": "SOC.PER", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q83418/", "tier": 2, "score": 92, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [], "aliasCount": 0, "merged": 0, "knownIn": 92, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q83418", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83418", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T14:22:37Z", "providers": [ "Codex", "Grok" ], "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "usd": 0.00892908, "turns": 1, "seconds": 88.3, "error": null }, "codex": { "seconds": 78.7, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07c3e-2a6d-7883-8388-9b7b4049c392\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: Normans\nRegistry id: vr.tr.normans\nPlane / domain: SOC / SOC.PER\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\nA Vercy m" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q83418", "registryId": "vr.tr.normans", "name": "Normans", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "SOC.PER" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q83418/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.normans", "name": "Normans", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a historically situated Norman collective, assess the evidence for its identity and continuity, and decide which classifications, comparisons and attributions are justified.", "definition": "The Normans were a medieval ethnopolitical people formed in the Duchy of Normandy from Norse settlers who, from the early tenth century, adopted the Romance language, Christian religion, and Frankish legal-military culture of northern Francia, and who between the eleventh and twelfth centuries projected that identity through conquest and settlement into England, Wales, Scotland, Ireland, southern Italy, Sicily, and the Crusader states.", "scope_statement": "This model owns Normans as a historical collective identity and its locally situated expressions, recording how affiliation, connections with Normandy, political organisation and cultural practice support or complicate that identification without presuming a single continuous people or state.", "in_scope": [ "Historically bounded populations and groups identified as Norman, including competing self-identifications and external labels.", "Connections with Normandy through origin, migration, kinship, lordship or maintained affiliation.", "Regional expressions of Norman identity and changes across generations.", "Relationships among conquest, settlement, elite membership and wider population identity.", "Evidence supporting, limiting or contesting claims of Norman continuity." ], "out_of_scope": [ "Complete biographies and genealogies of individual people or dynasties.", "Constitutional and administrative histories of Normandy or other individual polities.", "Detailed accounts of particular battles, campaigns or conquests.", "Independent descriptions of Norman language varieties, buildings, artworks or archaeological objects.", "Modern residents of Normandy or people surnamed Norman unless their relationship to the historical collective is explicitly at issue." ], "distinguishing_features": [ "A Norman classification must have a dated attribution or an evidenced connection to a historically identified Norman group; northern European origin or seafaring activity alone is insufficient.", "Distinguish a collective identified as Norman from a population merely governed by rulers identified as Norman.", "Distinguish historical Norman affiliation from present-day residence in Normandy, a surname or an ancestry claim.", "Require evidence for any proposed equivalence between Norman and regional labels such as Anglo-Norman or Italo-Norman; do not assume those labels have identical membership or duration.", "Treat language, architectural style and military practice as supporting evidence only when their connection to the particular group is established." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Identity attribution", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Self-identification; contemporary external designation; later scholarly classification; modern retrospective claim; disputed; unknown; multiple values permitted.", "why_it_matters": "Separates evidence of affiliation from labels imposed by observers or later interpreters." }, { "name": "Temporal bounds", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Earliest and latest supported dates or date intervals, with dating uncertainty and calendar convention.", "why_it_matters": "Prevents Norman identity from being projected unchanged across centuries." }, { "name": "Connection with Normandy", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Place of origin; migration connection; kinship; political allegiance; institutional connection; claimed descent; uncertain connection.", "why_it_matters": "Makes the basis of a Norman association explicit without requiring every member to have been born in Normandy." }, { "name": "Regional expression", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Source-attested regional designation paired with place and period; scope disputed or unspecified where necessary.", "why_it_matters": "Allows comparison across regions without treating all Norman-associated communities as interchangeable." }, { "name": "Social reach of the designation", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Ruling dynasty; military following; landed elite; settlers; broader population; mixed scope; unknown.", "why_it_matters": "Controls whether an attribution concerns a small governing group or a wider community." }, { "name": "Political affiliation", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Dated allegiance, lordship, service or opposition involving a specified ruler, polity or institution.", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes political association from collective identity and avoids assuming unified Norman political action." }, { "name": "Identity trajectory", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "For a specified place and period: emerging; maintained; reconfigured; declining in attestation; retrospectively invoked; contested; unknown.", "why_it_matters": "Supports assessment of change while distinguishing reduced evidence from demonstrated disappearance." }, { "name": "Support for identification", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Directly attested; indirectly supported; contested; unsupported; not yet assessed, with reasons and source limitations.", "why_it_matters": "Determines whether an agent may assert Norman affiliation, qualify it or leave it unresolved." } ], "affordances": [ "Classify a candidate group as Norman, Norman-associated or unresolved for a specified place and period.", "Compare regional Norman identities while preserving differences in membership, institutions and terminology.", "Trace evidenced connections among Normandy, migrating groups and receiving communities.", "Evaluate whether a claim about Norman action applies to a ruler, an elite, settlers or a broader population.", "Identify unsupported continuity claims and specify the evidence needed to resolve them." ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "britannica-norman", "title": "Norman", "url": "https://www.britannica.com/topic/Norman-people", "what_it_supports": "Ethnogenesis in Normandy from Norse settlement, adoption of Frankish language and Christianity, and the principal theatres of eleventh-century expansion (England, southern Italy, Sicily).", "url_status": "blocked" }, { "id": "wikipedia-normans", "title": "Normans", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normans", "what_it_supports": "Scope of the medieval people, successor identities (Anglo-Norman, Italo-Norman, Hiberno-Norman), architecture and state-building, and the Wikidata linkage.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "chibnall-normans", "title": "The Normans", "url": "https://www.wiley.com/en-us/The+Normans-p-9781405149655", "what_it_supports": "Specialist synthesis of Norman identity, ducal power, and overseas principalities as a single historical phenomenon rather than a racial stock.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "bates-normans-empire", "title": "The Normans and Empire", "url": "https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-normans-and-empire-9780198704126", "what_it_supports": "Argument that 'Norman' political identity was reproduced through lordship, charters, and kinship across multiple realms, not a single territorial nation.", "url_status": "live" } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "norman-identification", "name": "Norman identification", "description": "Record who uses a Norman designation, whom it includes and how its meaning depends on time and context.", "rationale": "The model must establish what Norman identifies before attributing shared characteristics or actions to the collective.", "layers": [ { "id": "names-and-attribution", "name": "Names and attribution", "description": "Separate historical terminology from translation choices and later analytical labels.", "findings": [ { "id": "situated-norman-designation", "name": "Situated Norman designation", "description": "Record the exact designation, its author or speaker, date, intended referent and grounds for interpreting it as Norman.", "questions": [ { "text": "What term identifies this group, and does its context support interpreting it as Normans rather than a broader designation for northern peoples?", "kind": "definition", "id": "situated-norman-designation-q01" }, { "text": "Who applied the designation, when, and through which surviving source or later interpretation is it known?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "situated-norman-designation-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "membership-and-social-reach", "name": "Membership and social reach", "description": "Establish which people a Norman attribution includes and which neighbouring populations it excludes.", "findings": [ { "id": "bounded-norman-membership", "name": "Bounded Norman membership", "description": "Record whether affiliation rests on origin, kinship, allegiance, participation or another evidenced criterion, and identify its social limits.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does Norman refer here to a dynasty, a military following, settlers, a landed elite or a broader population?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "bounded-norman-membership-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence permits or prevents extending the designation to locally born descendants, allies or people under Norman-associated rule?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "bounded-norman-membership-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "normandy-connections-and-regional-formation", "name": "Normandy connections and regional formation", "description": "Record how a Norman-associated group relates to Normandy and develops in a particular receiving region.", "rationale": "An agent needs to distinguish evidenced connections and local formation from an assumed uniform Norman diaspora.", "layers": [ { "id": "origins-and-movement", "name": "Origins and movement", "description": "Describe supported movements and connections without reducing affiliation to birthplace or ancestry.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidenced-normandy-link", "name": "Evidenced Normandy link", "description": "Record direct or mediated connections with Normandy, including their dates, participants and evidential strength.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which documented movements, kinship ties or political connections link this group to Normandy or to an already identified Norman community?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "evidenced-normandy-link-q01" }, { "text": "What dates, places and scale of movement can be supported, and where are individual careers being used to infer collective migration?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "evidenced-normandy-link-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "regional-reconfiguration", "name": "Regional reconfiguration", "description": "Assess how local conditions alter the membership and meaning of a Norman designation.", "findings": [ { "id": "regional-norman-expression", "name": "Regional Norman expression", "description": "Record the evidence for a regionally specific Norman identity and its relationship to broader or overlapping labels.", "questions": [ { "text": "What does a label such as Anglo-Norman or Italo-Norman denote in this case, and which aspects of its meaning overlap with Norman?", "kind": "definition", "id": "regional-norman-expression-q01" }, { "text": "When does the regional designation become more precise than Norman alone, and what evidence supports retaining both classifications?", "kind": "action", "id": "regional-norman-expression-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "lordship-conquest-and-collective-action", "name": "Lordship, conquest and collective action", "description": "Record the political and military relationships relevant to Norman affiliation and the limits of collective attribution.", "rationale": "Claims about Norman conquest or rule can conflate particular leaders, mixed followings and whole populations.", "layers": [ { "id": "leadership-and-followings", "name": "Leadership and followings", "description": "Identify who organised an action and the composition of the people participating in it.", "findings": [ { "id": "attributable-norman-action", "name": "Attributable Norman action", "description": "Record the actor, following, allegiance and grounds for describing a particular action as Norman.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which leaders and participating groups are identified as Norman, and what is known about other participants?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "attributable-norman-action-q01" }, { "text": "Should the action be attributed to Normans collectively, a named ruler, a dynasty or a mixed coalition?", "kind": "action", "id": "attributable-norman-action-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "rule-and-local-populations", "name": "Rule and local populations", "description": "Separate control of territory and institutions from the identities of governed people.", "findings": [ { "id": "reach-of-norman-associated-rule", "name": "Reach of Norman-associated rule", "description": "Record which offices, landholding relationships or institutions connect Norman-associated actors to a territory, with limits on population-wide inference.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which dated relationships of lordship, landholding or institutional authority establish Norman-associated rule in this locality?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "reach-of-norman-associated-rule-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence distinguishes the identity of the governing group from that of the wider population?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "reach-of-norman-associated-rule-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "cultural-evidence-and-identity-continuity", "name": "Cultural evidence and identity continuity", "description": "Assess cultural indicators and claims that Norman affiliation persists, changes or is later revived.", "rationale": "Language, material culture and remembered ancestry may inform identification, but each requires contextual evidence and cannot establish continuity alone.", "layers": [ { "id": "contextual-cultural-indicators", "name": "Contextual cultural indicators", "description": "Evaluate language, naming, religious patronage and material practices as evidence tied to particular users and settings.", "findings": [ { "id": "limits-of-cultural-attribution", "name": "Limits of cultural attribution", "description": "Record which cultural practices support a Norman identification and whether they were also shared by neighbouring groups.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which linguistic, naming, patronage or material practices are documented for this group, and how are their users identified?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "limits-of-cultural-attribution-q01" }, { "text": "Could the same evidence indicate adoption, exchange or a stylistic label rather than Norman collective affiliation?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "limits-of-cultural-attribution-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "continuity-and-retrospective-claims", "name": "Continuity and retrospective claims", "description": "Distinguish continued historical affiliation from changes in terminology, evidential gaps and later heritage claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "supported-identity-trajectory", "name": "Supported identity trajectory", "description": "Record dated evidence for maintaining or reconfiguring Norman affiliation, and assess later claims separately.", "questions": [ { "text": "Across which generations and dates is Norman affiliation attested, and where does the evidence become discontinuous?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "supported-identity-trajectory-q01" }, { "text": "Does a later Norman claim demonstrate continuing affiliation, remembered descent or a new use of the historical identity?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "supported-identity-trajectory-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Duchy of Normandy Normans (the core ducal population of Neustria after the 911 settlement)", "Anglo-Normans (post-1066 ruling elite and settler society in England and the Welsh March)", "Italo-Normans / Hauteville Normans (eleventh-twelfth-century conquerors and princes of southern Italy and Sicily)", "Cambro-Normans and Hiberno-Normans (Norman lineages established in Wales and, after 1169, Ireland)", "Scoto-Normans (Norman-descended magnates integrated into the Scottish kingdom)", "Norman crusader and Antiochene houses (notably the Principality of Antioch)", "Later 'Norman' genealogical identity (post-medieval families and regions claiming Norman descent without a distinct living ethnicity)", "Modern inhabitants of Normandy (French région; not the medieval people, but the name that continues in ordinary use)" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of Normans this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Wikidata", "value_or_pattern": "Q106607", "note": "item 'Normans' (historical ethnic group)" }, { "scheme": "Library of Congress Subject Headings", "value_or_pattern": "sh85092432", "note": "LCSH 'Normans'" }, { "scheme": "Getty Art & Architecture Thesaurus", "value_or_pattern": "300386003", "note": "AAT concept 'Normans (culture or style)' - culture/style, not a living nationality code" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of Normans this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "No contemporary ISO ethnic, language, or nationality code governs 'Normans' as a living people; ISO 639-3 nrf is Norman (the langue d'oïl), a related but distinct object.", "Medieval status was defined by ducal and royal law: the Treaty/grant of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte tradition (conventionally 911) for the Norman settlement; English post-Conquest land law and Domesday inquest (1086); southern Italian and Sicilian royal administration under the Hauteville kings.", "Modern cultural heritage of Norman monuments is framed by national listing regimes (e.g. Historic England listing; French Monuments historiques) and, where inscribed, UNESCO World Heritage processes - these regulate buildings and landscapes, not the people." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of Normans this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Primary category in medieval history, genealogy, and museum interpretation for the tenth-twelfth-century expansion from Normandy.", "Label for a Romanesque architectural and military-engineering package (keep, motte-and-bailey, chevron ornament) in heritage listing and tourism in Normandy, England, Wales, Ireland, southern Italy, and Sicily.", "Ancestral identity in family-history databases and in regional branding in Normandy (France) and in 'Anglo-Norman' legal-historical scholarship.", "Contrast class in discussions of English ethnogenesis (Anglo-Saxon / Norman / Angevin) and of the Irish lordship after 1169." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of Normans this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Conventional core period of distinct Norman political identity", "typical_range": "c. 911-c. 1204 (loss of continental Normandy to Philip II); overseas Norman regimes continue later in Sicily and the Crusader states", "unit": "year (CE)" }, { "quantity": "Duchy of Normandy (approximate historic extent)", "typical_range": "on the order of 30,000", "unit": "km²" }, { "quantity": "Documented Norman knightly/magnate migration into England after 1066", "typical_range": "low thousands of named tenants-in-chief and under-tenants in Domesday; not a mass folk migration", "unit": "persons (elite settlers)" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of Normans this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Anachronistic racial reading: treating 'Norman' as a closed biological stock rather than a rapidly Romance-speaking political culture.", "Conquest violence and dispossession: 1066 and the Harrying of the North; displacement of English and Irish elites; imposition of castle-based lordship.", "Identity collapse by assimilation: loss of a separate Norman language in England (replaced by Anglo-Norman French then English); Capetian conquest of Normandy (1204) ending the cross-Channel duchy.", "Heritage and political misuse: modern nationalist or supremacist appropriation of 'Norman blood' or of 1066 as an origin myth." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of Normans this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "France: 'Normands' primarily means inhabitants of Normandy; medieval Norse origin is a historical layer, not a current ethnic census category.", "England: 'Norman' usually means the 1066 elite and the Anglo-Norman period in law, architecture, and genealogy.", "Ireland: 'Norman' / 'Hiberno-Norman' / later 'Old English' names the 1169 settlers, distinguished from Gaelic Irish and from later Tudor/Cromwellian English.", "Southern Italy and Sicily: 'Norman' names the Hauteville conquest and the Kingdom of Sicily, often in a Greek-Latin-Arabic multilingual setting unlike northern Francia.", "Scotland: Norman families are remembered as imported feudal magnates (e.g. Bruce, Balliol, Stewart origins) rather than as a conquest people." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of Normans this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Vikings / Norsemen", "difference": "Norse raiders and settlers of the ninth-tenth centuries remained Scandinavian in language and pagan or newly converting religion; Normans are the already-Christian, Romance-speaking polity that formed after settlement in Neustria." }, { "name": "Inhabitants of Normandy (modern)", "difference": "A regional French population and administrative identity; continuity of place-name, not of a separate medieval ethnicity or legal nation." }, { "name": "Anglo-Saxons / English", "difference": "Pre-Conquest West Germanic-speaking kingdoms of England; after 1066 the subject majority under a Norman-French-speaking elite - language, land tenure, and ruling personnel are the usual tests." }, { "name": "Franks / French", "difference": "Normans adopted Frankish religion, law, and speech but retained a distinct ducal principality and a Norse-derived elite origin myth; Capetian France is the suzerain and later the conqueror of the duchy, not the same polity." }, { "name": "Anglo-Norman language", "difference": "A langue d'oïl used by the post-Conquest elite in England; a linguistic object (ISO 639-3 xno) related to, but not identical with, the people." }, { "name": "Norman (langue d'oïl) / Jèrriais / Guernésiais", "difference": "Living or recently living regional languages of Normandy and the Channel Islands (ISO 639-3 nrf and related varieties), not the medieval ethnopolitical group." }, { "name": "Normans as a style (Norman Romanesque)", "difference": "An architectural-historical label for eleventh-twelfth-century building in Norman-ruled lands; a style can be present without implying a Norman ethnic community on the site." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of Normans this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does the registry intend Normans to cover the historical collective across regions, the population of medieval Normandy, or a narrower period and usage?", "Which primary-source terms can be interpreted as Norman in each relevant language and period, and where would that translation erase a broader meaning?", "How should Anglo-Norman, Italo-Norman and other regional designations be represented within this entry while respecting existing registry boundaries?", "What evidence can establish Norman affiliation beyond rulers and military elites, particularly for settlers, women and locally born descendants?", "What region-specific evidence distinguishes the transformation of Norman identity from the disappearance of the label in surviving sources?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 5, "layers": 9, "findings": 16, "questions": 24 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "occupation or role", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a Normans, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a historically situated Norman collective, assess the evidence for its identity and continuity, and decide which classifications, comparisons and attributions are justified.", "characteristics": { "substance": "social", "origin": "natural", "agency": "autonomous", "mobility": "self-moving" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Described in 92 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a Normans, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "a social arrangement between people", "physicalCharacter": [ "Moves under its own power or of its own accord.", "Acts on its own behalf.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Not recognisable by appearance, and guessing from dress or setting is how an agent gets this wrong. Recognised by qualification, licence or engagement." ], "relatedModels": [], "standing": "Described in 92 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one Normans from another, and a Normans from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a Normans, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a Normans, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a Normans is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a Normans, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a Normans, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a Normans is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a Normans sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a Normans, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a Normans, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a Normans is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a Normans from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a Normans, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a Normans, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a Normans is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a Normans is, how it got there and where it may go (self-moving).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a Normans is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a Normans, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a Normans, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a Normans is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a Normans moves on its own.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a Normans, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a Normans, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a Normans is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a Normans passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a Normans between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a Normans, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a Normans, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a Normans is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a Normans, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a Normans is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a Normans, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a Normans, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a Normans is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "people-and-responsibility", "name": "People, roles and responsibility", "description": "Who stands in what relation to a Normans.", "rationale": "Social things are defined by the relations people hold to them, and those relations change without the thing changing.", "layers": [ { "id": "roles-and-parties", "name": "Roles and parties", "description": "The roles that exist around a Normans and who fills them.", "findings": [ { "id": "role-assignments", "name": "Role assignments and their validity", "description": "Who holds which role over a Normans, from when, and on whose authority.", "questions": [ { "id": "role-assignments-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a role over a Normans, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "role-assignments-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a role over a Normans, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "role-assignments-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a role over a Normans is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "ownership-and-accountability", "name": "Ownership and accountability", "description": "Who answers for a Normans and who may decide about it.", "findings": [ { "id": "accountability", "name": "Accountability and decision rights", "description": "Where responsibility for a Normans sits when something goes wrong.", "questions": [ { "id": "accountability-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes responsibility for a Normans, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "accountability-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about responsibility for a Normans, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "accountability-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once responsibility for a Normans is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "competence-and-licence", "name": "Competence, qualification and licence", "description": "What someone must be able to do, and be permitted to do, as Normans.", "rationale": "The permission is jurisdictional and the competence is not, and conflating them is how an agent concludes someone may practise when they may not.", "layers": [ { "id": "competences", "name": "Competences and qualifications", "description": "Skills and credentials the role assumes.", "findings": [ { "id": "qualification-record", "name": "Qualifications and how they are evidenced", "description": "What counts as qualified, and what proves it.", "questions": [ { "id": "qualification-record-q01", "text": "What competences and qualifications does Normans require, and how is each evidenced?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "qualification-record-q02", "text": "Which qualifications transfer between jurisdictions and which do not?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "licensing", "name": "Licensing and the right to practise", "description": "Who grants permission, where it holds, and when it lapses.", "findings": [ { "id": "licence-record", "name": "Licence, issuer and validity", "description": "The permission, its issuer, its territory and its expiry.", "questions": [ { "id": "licence-record-q01", "text": "Who licenses Normans, in which territory, and for how long?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "licence-record-q02", "text": "What may an unlicensed person not do, and what must an agent refuse to assume?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "tasks-and-accountability", "name": "Tasks, employment and accountability", "description": "What Normans actually does and who answers for it.", "rationale": "A role is filled by people under an arrangement, and the arrangement decides liability, supervision and who may instruct whom.", "layers": [ { "id": "tasks", "name": "Tasks and typical duties", "description": "The work itself, and how it differs by setting.", "findings": [ { "id": "duty-record", "name": "Duties and setting", "description": "What the role does and where the work varies.", "questions": [ { "id": "duty-record-q01", "text": "What tasks define Normans, and how do they differ between settings or seniority?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "duty-record-q02", "text": "Which tasks may only be done by this role, and which are shared with neighbouring roles?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "accountability", "name": "Employment and accountability", "description": "The relation under which the work is done and where responsibility sits.", "findings": [ { "id": "responsibility", "name": "Responsibility and supervision", "description": "Who instructs, who supervises, who is liable.", "questions": [ { "id": "responsibility-q01", "text": "Under what arrangement does someone act as Normans, and who supervises or is liable?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "responsibility-q02", "text": "When something goes wrong, what does the model need to have recorded to answer who was responsible?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a Normans came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a Normans and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a Normans, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a Normans, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a Normans is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a Normans is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a Normans, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a Normans, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a Normans is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 7, "layers": 14, "findings": 16, "questions": 44 } } } }