{ "model": { "rank": 6692, "code": "thing-q838312", "model_id": "vr.tr.pin", "name": "pin", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise a physical fastening or locating pin, assess its fit and condition, and determine appropriate insertion, retention and removal actions.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.OBJ", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q838312/", "tier": 2, "score": 59, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "hairpin", "pushpin", "bobby pin", "pin skirt", "dress pin", "Tupu Pins", "sewing pin", "lapel pin", "entomological pin", "Lill pin", "Chinese hairpin", "map pin", "linked pin", "straight pin", "lapel stud", "Olympic Games badge", "Badge of honour", "button seal" ], "aliasCount": 18, "merged": 18, "knownIn": 59, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": "vr.tr.pin-4", "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q838312", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q838312", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T23:17:55Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 18.8, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a08875-e67f-7810-b342-f432d80913a0\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: pin\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: PHY.OBJ\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 1001 things:\n# Batch 007: 1001 registered ", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 52.2, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a08875-e671-7562-9953-6e409fb7d8f1\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: pin\nRegistry id: vr.tr.pin\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.OBJ\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\n\nContext for this" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q838312", "registryId": "vr.tr.pin", "name": "pin", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.OBJ" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q838312/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.pin", "name": "pin", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise a physical fastening or locating pin, assess its fit and condition, and determine appropriate insertion, retention and removal actions.", "definition": "A pin is a slender, usually rigid physical fastener or locating element inserted through material or into a hole to hold, align, secure or connect parts.", "scope_statement": "This draft owns pins understood as slender physical elements inserted through material or into mating features to fasten, locate, retain or permit pivoting; the registry's intended sense remains unconfirmed.", "in_scope": [ "Shaft, tip, head and retention geometry", "Piercing, locating, fastening and pivoting functions", "Fit between a pin and its receiving material or hole", "Resistance to withdrawal and unintended release", "Bending, wear, fracture and surface damage" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Safety-pin closure and point-guard mechanisms, owned by the narrower safety pin model", "Rolling pins and their food-processing function, despite the shared word", "Electrical connector contacts and their electrical performance", "Nails, screws, bolts and needles as neighbouring fastening or piercing kinds", "Digital map pins, personal identification numbers and other nonphysical senses" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Its principal working element is a slender shaft whose insertion establishes the intended mechanical relationship.", "Installation normally relies on piercing or entering a receiving feature rather than advancing a load-bearing screw thread.", "A sewing needle is distinguished by its thread-carrying function; a fastening pin primarily holds or positions material.", "Pointedness and a head are optional: blunt locating pins and headless pins must remain recognisable.", "A shared name is insufficient for inclusion: a rolling pin works by rolling over material rather than by insertion." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Mechanical role", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "piercing fastener | locating element | retaining element | pivot | unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Determines which fit, loading and removal questions apply." }, { "name": "Shaft profile", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "solid cylindrical | tapered | split | coiled | formed wire | other", "why_it_matters": "Influences insertion, compliance and retention." }, { "name": "Working length", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "mm, with endpoints defined", "why_it_matters": "Establishes engagement depth and possible exposed projection." }, { "name": "Shaft cross-section", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "diameter or width and thickness in mm, with measurement position", "why_it_matters": "Supports fit assessment and detection of taper or deformation." }, { "name": "Tip form", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "sharp point | rounded | flat | chamfered | other", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes piercing from entry into a prepared hole and identifies point exposure." }, { "name": "Retention arrangement", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "material friction | interference fit | elastic compression | bent legs | separate retainer | integral stop | none | other", "why_it_matters": "Explains resistance to withdrawal and the required release procedure." }, { "name": "Receiving feature", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "identified material, hole, slot or aligned set of holes", "why_it_matters": "A pin's suitability depends on its actual counterpart." }, { "name": "Material and finish", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "documented material, coating and surface treatment, or unknown", "why_it_matters": "Supports assessment of stiffness, corrosion compatibility and surface damage." }, { "name": "Installed condition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "loose | partly inserted | seated | retained | migrating | seized | broken", "why_it_matters": "Determines whether the pin fulfils its role and whether intervention is needed." }, { "name": "Physical integrity", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "straight or intentionally formed | unintentionally bent | worn | burred | corroded | cracked | unknown", "why_it_matters": "Supports decisions about continued use, removal and replacement." } ], "affordances": [ "Match a pin's geometry and retention method to its receiving material or feature.", "Align receiving holes and insert the pin using a subtype-appropriate method.", "Engage or inspect the feature that prevents withdrawal.", "Check seating, exposed point, migration and unwanted joint play.", "Release retention and extract the pin while supporting connected parts.", "Identify a replacement whose fit and documented mechanical role match the application." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "pin-identity-and-role", "name": "Pin identity and role", "description": "Establish which physical sense of pin applies and what insertion accomplishes.", "rationale": "The undefined registry name could otherwise merge mechanically different objects solely because they share a name.", "layers": [ { "id": "physical-sense", "name": "Physical sense", "description": "Identify the insertion-based object and its boundary with neighbouring kinds.", "findings": [ { "id": "insertion-based-identity", "name": "Insertion-based identity", "description": "Record the evidence that the object functions as a fastening, locating, retaining or pivot pin.", "questions": [ { "text": "What does inserting this object's shaft accomplish?", "kind": "definition", "id": "insertion-based-identity-q01" }, { "text": "What distinguishes it from a nail, needle, screw or an unrelated object called a pin?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "insertion-based-identity-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "joint-role", "name": "Joint role", "description": "Describe the relationship the pin establishes between receiving parts or materials.", "findings": [ { "id": "constrained-and-permitted-motion", "name": "Constrained and permitted motion", "description": "Record which movement the pin prevents and which movement it intentionally allows.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which parts or material regions does the pin hold, locate or retain?", "kind": "definition", "id": "constrained-and-permitted-motion-q01" }, { "text": "Should the installed connection prevent motion, allow pivoting or provide temporary positioning?", "kind": "definition", "id": "constrained-and-permitted-motion-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "shaft-and-receiver-fit", "name": "Shaft and receiver fit", "description": "Describe the geometry that governs entry, engagement and fit.", "rationale": "A nominally similar pin can fail to seat, damage its receiver or leave excessive play.", "layers": [ { "id": "working-geometry", "name": "Working geometry", "description": "Capture the shaft dimensions and end features relevant to insertion.", "findings": [ { "id": "shaft-tip-and-stop", "name": "Shaft, tip and stop", "description": "Record the working shaft profile, entry end and any feature limiting insertion depth.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are the working length and cross-section, and where were they measured?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "shaft-tip-and-stop-q01" }, { "text": "Does the tip pierce material or guide entry into a prepared hole, and what limits insertion depth?", "kind": "definition", "id": "shaft-tip-and-stop-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "receiving-interface", "name": "Receiving interface", "description": "Relate the pin's dimensions and compliance to the actual receiving feature.", "findings": [ { "id": "engagement-and-clearance", "name": "Engagement and clearance", "description": "Record receiver geometry, engagement and the intended fit without assuming a universal tolerance.", "questions": [ { "text": "What material thickness or hole dimensions must the pin engage?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "engagement-and-clearance-q01" }, { "text": "What drawing, specification or application evidence establishes the required clearance, interference or compression?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "engagement-and-clearance-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "retention-and-load-path", "name": "Retention and load path", "description": "Explain how the inserted pin stays in place and carries the application's mechanical demands.", "rationale": "Resistance to withdrawal and resistance to joint loading are separate requirements that must both be assessed.", "layers": [ { "id": "withdrawal-control", "name": "Withdrawal control", "description": "Identify the pin's retention mechanism and evidence that it is engaged.", "findings": [ { "id": "retainer-engagement", "name": "Retainer engagement", "description": "Record frictional, elastic, formed or separate retention and its installed state.", "questions": [ { "text": "What prevents this pin from backing out in its intended orientation and use?", "kind": "definition", "id": "retainer-engagement-q01" }, { "text": "How can an agent verify that the retention feature is fully engaged?", "kind": "action", "id": "retainer-engagement-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "mechanical-demand", "name": "Mechanical demand", "description": "Identify how forces act on the pin and its receiving surfaces.", "findings": [ { "id": "pin-loading-and-support", "name": "Pin loading and support", "description": "Record relevant shear, bending, bearing or withdrawal demands and the evidence for suitability.", "questions": [ { "text": "Where is the pin supported, and which forces or relative movements act on its shaft?", "kind": "definition", "id": "pin-loading-and-support-q01" }, { "text": "What documented rating, calculation or test supports use under these demands?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "pin-loading-and-support-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "installation-condition-and-removal", "name": "Installation, condition and removal", "description": "Support insertion, inspection and extraction decisions specific to the pin and its connection.", "rationale": "Bent shafts, exposed points, migrating retainers and loaded joints change what an agent may safely do.", "layers": [ { "id": "seating-and-damage", "name": "Seating and damage", "description": "Assess whether the pin is seated and retains its required shape and surface condition.", "findings": [ { "id": "installed-pin-inspection", "name": "Installed pin inspection", "description": "Record incomplete insertion, unintended projection, shaft deformation and wear at contact locations.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is the pin seated to the required depth, and is any sharp or interfering projection exposed?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "installed-pin-inspection-q01" }, { "text": "What bending, burrs, corrosion, cracking or wear could impair retention, fit or extraction?", "kind": "definition", "id": "installed-pin-inspection-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "release-and-reuse", "name": "Release and reuse", "description": "Determine how to remove the pin and whether its retention method permits another installation.", "findings": [ { "id": "controlled-extraction", "name": "Controlled extraction", "description": "Record joint support, retention release, extraction access and application-specific reuse limits.", "questions": [ { "text": "What load must be relieved or parts supported before releasing retention and extracting the pin?", "kind": "action", "id": "controlled-extraction-q01" }, { "text": "What manufacturer or application instruction determines whether this pin may be reused after removal?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "controlled-extraction-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "No sense is recorded: this description assumes the fastening or locating object, excluding electrical contact pins, bowling pins and other named senses.", "The dimensional ranges apply only to ordinary straight sewing pins, not to the full family.", "Applicable standards, tolerances, materials and load limits depend on the specific pin subtype and require checking." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of pin this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Straight sewing pin", "Safety pin", "Dowel pin", "Taper pin", "Spring pin", "Split pin" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of pin this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Temporarily holding fabric layers together during sewing.", "Locating mating machine parts in a repeatable position.", "Retaining components against unintended separation.", "Providing a pivot in a mechanical joint.", "Attaching lightweight objects to a penetrable backing." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of pin this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Overall length of ordinary straight sewing pins", "typical_range": "Approximately 20-50", "unit": "mm" }, { "quantity": "Shaft diameter of ordinary straight sewing pins", "typical_range": "Approximately 0.4-0.8", "unit": "mm" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of pin this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Bending or buckling during insertion or loading.", "Shear fracture or fatigue failure in loaded mechanical joints.", "Loosening or migration when retention is inadequate.", "Corrosion, potentially weakening the pin or staining surrounding material.", "Puncture injuries from exposed points; swallowed pins can cause internal injury." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of pin this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "The bent, two-legged retaining fastener commonly called a split pin in British usage is often called a cotter pin in American usage." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of pin this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "safety pin", "difference": "A subtype of fastening pin with a spring action and a closure that shields and retains the point." }, { "name": "rolling pin", "difference": "A tool used to flatten dough by rolling; the shared word does not make it a subtype of fastening or locating pin." }, { "name": "needle", "difference": "A sewing needle carries thread through material, whereas a sewing pin primarily holds material in position." }, { "name": "nail", "difference": "A nail is ordinarily driven into a substrate for retention; pins also include removable fabric fasteners and precision elements fitted into prepared holes." }, { "name": "bolt", "difference": "A bolt ordinarily uses an external screw thread for fastening; a pin's principal engagement is generally unthreaded." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of pin this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does vr.tr.pin denote a pointed fastening pin specifically, or the broader family of fastening, locating, retaining and pivot pins?", "Which existing registry entries or world models already own dowel pins, spring pins, split pins and connector pins?", "Which inherited characteristics should the separately registered safety pin model reuse, and which closure details should remain exclusively there?", "Which authoritative subtype specifications establish dimensions, fit, materials, loading evidence and reuse restrictions?", "What evidence should distinguish pins from nails and needles where shaft geometry and installation methods overlap?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 5, "layers": 9, "findings": 15, "questions": 23 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "device, machine or tool", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a pin, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an agent to recognise a physical fastening or locating pin, assess its fit and condition, and determine appropriate insertion, retention and removal actions.", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "manufactured", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "varies" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: hairpin, pushpin, bobby pin, pin skirt, dress pin, Tupu Pins, sewing pin, lapel pin, entomological pin, Lill pin, Chinese hairpin, map pin.", "18 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 59 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a pin, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Mobility varies between examples.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by form, by the arrangement of its controls, and by markings - a plate, a model number, a certification mark. Form alone rarely separates two models that do very different things." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "hairpin", "pushpin", "bobby pin", "pin skirt", "dress pin", "Tupu Pins", "sewing pin", "lapel pin", "entomological pin", "Lill pin", "Chinese hairpin", "map pin" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 59 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 18 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one pin from another, and a pin from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a pin, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a pin, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a pin is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a pin, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a pin, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a pin is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a pin sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a pin, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a pin, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a pin is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a pin from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a pin, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a pin, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a pin is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a pin is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a pin, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a pin, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a pin is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a pin is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a pin, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a pin, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a pin is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a pin is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a pin, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a pin, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a pin is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a pin is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a pin is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a pin, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a pin, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a pin is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a pin is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a pin, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a pin, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a pin is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a pin passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a pin between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a pin, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a pin, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a pin is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a pin, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a pin is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a pin, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a pin, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a pin is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "function-and-principle", "name": "Function and operating principle", "description": "What pin is for and how it achieves it.", "rationale": "Two devices with the same name can work on different principles, and the principle is what predicts failure and constrains use.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-function", "name": "Intended function", "description": "The job it does, and the jobs it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-record", "name": "Function, principle and variants", "description": "What it does, how, and which variants do it differently.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-record-q01", "text": "What function does pin perform, on what operating principle, and which variants differ in that principle?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "function-record-q02", "text": "What use falls outside the intended function but happens in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "capacity-and-rating", "name": "Capacity and rating", "description": "The numbers that say what it can do and where it stops.", "findings": [ { "id": "ratings", "name": "Ratings and their conditions", "description": "Rated capacity, power, throughput and the conditions each assumes.", "questions": [ { "id": "ratings-q01", "text": "What ratings characterise pin, in what units, and under what stated conditions?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "ratings-q02", "text": "What happens beyond the rating - degradation, refusal, damage - and how is that detected?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "operation-and-state", "name": "Operation, controls and state", "description": "How pin is operated and what state it is in right now.", "rationale": "An agent acting on a device needs its current state and the controls that change it, not just its specification.", "layers": [ { "id": "controls-and-modes", "name": "Controls and modes", "description": "What can be set, what that changes, and what is interlocked.", "findings": [ { "id": "control-surface", "name": "Control surface and interlocks", "description": "The settings available and the conditions that block them.", "questions": [ { "id": "control-surface-q01", "text": "What controls and modes does pin have, and what does each change?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "control-surface-q02", "text": "Which actions are interlocked or forbidden in which state, and what must be true before acting?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-maintenance", "name": "Condition and maintenance", "description": "Wear, service intervals, consumables and the line between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "service-record", "name": "Condition, service and consumables", "description": "What is consumed, what is serviced, and how condition is judged.", "questions": [ { "id": "service-record-q01", "text": "What consumables and service does pin need, at what interval, and on whose authority?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "service-record-q02", "text": "What evidence separates a unit that is working from one that is out of service?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "kind-model-unit", "name": "Kind, model and unit", "description": "Whether a claim about pin is about the kind, a product line, or one physical unit.", "rationale": "This is the boundary most often got wrong for made things, and getting it wrong mixes a catalogue entry with the machine in the yard.", "layers": [ { "id": "level-of-reference", "name": "Level of reference", "description": "The three levels and what belongs at each.", "findings": [ { "id": "level-rules", "name": "What belongs to kind, model and unit", "description": "Which properties are shared by all of them and which are not.", "questions": [ { "id": "level-rules-q01", "text": "Which facts about pin hold for every one of them, which for a model, and which only for one unit?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "level-rules-q02", "text": "What identifies an individual unit, and what should an agent do when it has only the kind?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "standards-and-conformity", "name": "Standards and conformity", "description": "The standards a working example must meet and who attests it.", "findings": [ { "id": "conformity", "name": "Standards, marks and attestation", "description": "Which standard applies, who certifies, and what the mark means.", "questions": [ { "id": "conformity-q01", "text": "Which standards govern pin, issued by whom, and what does conformity actually assert?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "conformity-q02", "text": "What may an agent conclude from a certification mark, and what may it not?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a pin came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a pin and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a pin, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a pin, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a pin is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a pin is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a pin, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a pin, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a pin is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }