{ "model": { "rank": 5555, "code": "thing-q840400", "model_id": "vr.tr.evolutionary-biology", "name": "evolutionary biology", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise evolutionary biology as a field, assess the scope and evidential status of its explanations, and select appropriate methods or expertise for evolutionary questions.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Information and virtual systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "INF", "domain": "INF.KNW", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q840400/", "tier": 2, "score": 66, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "evolutionary genomics", "computational evolutionary biology", "experimental evolution", "Evolutionary impacts of climate change", "speciation and extinction" ], "aliasCount": 5, "merged": 5, "knownIn": 66, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q840400", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T22:38:02Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 20, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a08851-3799-7f70-99ad-478a88c4cf8d\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: evolutionary biology\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: INF.KNW\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 188 things:\n# Batch 006: ", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 64.1, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a08851-37aa-7bc2-87f8-d32208b6d122\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: evolutionary biology\nRegistry id: vr.tr.evolutionary-biology\nPlane / domain: INF / INF.KNW\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into thi" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q840400", "registryId": "vr.tr.evolutionary-biology", "name": "evolutionary biology", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "INF.KNW" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q840400/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.evolutionary-biology", "name": "evolutionary biology", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise evolutionary biology as a field, assess the scope and evidential status of its explanations, and select appropriate methods or expertise for evolutionary questions.", "definition": "Evolutionary biology is the branch of biology that studies the historical patterns and processes of heritable change, diversification, and common ancestry in populations and lineages of organisms.", "scope_statement": "This model owns evolutionary biology as a knowledge discipline concerned with biological diversification, common ancestry, and changes in heritable variation across generations, including its explanatory frameworks, research methods, disciplinary boundaries, and institutional recognition.", "in_scope": [ "Evolutionary change within populations and the origin, diversification, and extinction of lineages", "Mechanisms including mutation, natural and sexual selection, genetic drift, gene flow, and recombination", "Historical reconstruction through phylogenetics, comparative analysis, fossils, and molecular evidence", "Relationships among evolutionary theory, empirical observations, experiments, and statistical inference", "Named conventions for disciplinary boundaries, classification, and institutional recognition", "Conditions governing the application of evolutionary explanations to practical problems" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Individual organisms, species, and ecosystems as separately modelled biological entities", "Genetic inheritance and molecular function without an evolutionary question", "Ecological interactions and population dynamics without analysis of evolutionary change or history", "Researchers, societies, journals, and publications as independently governed entities", "The origin of life, except where explicitly connected to subsequent biological evolution", "Social Darwinism, moral prescriptions, and cultural change inferred solely by analogy with biological evolution" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "The central question concerns changes in heritable variation, evolutionary mechanisms, or relationships and changes among lineages; describing biological function alone is insufficient.", "An explanation distinguishes processes producing evolutionary change from patterns such as similarity, diversity, or geographic distribution.", "Historical claims account for shared ancestry; resemblance alone does not establish either close relationship or independent adaptation.", "Claims about adaptation require evidence distinguishing selection from alternatives such as drift, developmental constraint, or correlated change.", "The entry denotes a discipline with overlapping subfields, rather than evolution as a biological process or the people and literature studying it." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Evolutionary subject and scale", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Genes and genomes; organisms; populations; species and lineages; clades; multiple linked scales", "why_it_matters": "Identifies the level at which an evolutionary question is posed and prevents unsupported transfer of conclusions between scales." }, { "name": "Explanatory focus", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Mechanism; ancestry reconstruction; adaptation; speciation; diversification and extinction; evolutionary constraint", "why_it_matters": "Separates questions that require different evidence and standards of inference." }, { "name": "Temporal coverage", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Generations or years, with reference points, uncertainty, and dating basis", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes directly observed change from reconstruction over historical or geological intervals." }, { "name": "Evidence and method profile", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Field observation; laboratory evolution; genomic analysis; fossil analysis; phylogenetic comparison; mathematical modelling; simulation", "why_it_matters": "Shows which kinds of evolutionary conclusions a research programme can support and where corroboration is needed." }, { "name": "Disciplinary placement", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Named classification scheme and edition, assigned code or label, and relationships to neighbouring fields", "why_it_matters": "Makes disciplinary boundaries inspectable without treating one classification convention as universal." }, { "name": "Assessment of an evolutionary explanation", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Proposed; supported within stated assumptions; contested; unresolved; contradicted within tested scope", "why_it_matters": "Allows an agent to qualify particular explanations without assigning a single confidence label to the entire discipline." }, { "name": "Institutional recognition", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Verified relationships to society remits, journal scopes, degree programmes, and reference works", "why_it_matters": "Supports recognition of the field while keeping institutions and publications distinct from the discipline." } ], "affordances": [ "Classify a research question as evolutionary, adjacent to evolutionary biology, or outside its scope, stating the boundary convention used.", "Map an evolutionary question to relevant mechanisms, biological scales, evidence, and methods.", "Assess whether an adaptation or ancestry claim has considered plausible alternative explanations.", "Locate appropriate subfields and verified institutional sources of expertise.", "Compare evolutionary explanations while retaining assumptions, uncertainty, and unresolved disagreements.", "Determine whether an evolutionary result can inform an application and identify the additional evidence needed." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "disciplinary-identity-and-boundaries", "name": "Disciplinary identity and boundaries", "description": "Recognises evolutionary biology as a discipline and records the conventions defining its overlap with neighbouring fields.", "rationale": "An agent must distinguish the field from the process of evolution and avoid imposing sharp boundaries on overlapping biological disciplines.", "layers": [ { "id": "evolutionary-subject-matter", "name": "Evolutionary subject matter", "description": "Establishes which questions make an investigation evolutionary.", "findings": [ { "id": "evolutionary-question", "name": "Evolutionary question", "description": "Record whether the question concerns heritable change, ancestry, adaptation, or lineage diversification, and identify its biological scale.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which evolutionary change, historical relationship, or diversification process is the investigation intended to explain?", "kind": "definition", "id": "evolutionary-question-q01" }, { "text": "Does the investigation explain evolution, or only describe present biological structure, function, or abundance?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "evolutionary-question-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "neighbouring-fields", "name": "Neighbouring fields", "description": "Records overlap with genetics, ecology, systematics, palaeontology, and developmental biology.", "findings": [ { "id": "explicit-boundary-convention", "name": "Explicit boundary convention", "description": "Use a named disciplinary or institutional convention to describe overlaps, including evolutionary ecology and evolutionary developmental biology.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which source or classification convention places this topic within evolutionary biology?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "explicit-boundary-convention-q01" }, { "text": "What evolutionary question does this topic add to its treatment in genetics, ecology, systematics, palaeontology, or developmental biology?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "explicit-boundary-convention-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "mechanisms-and-evolutionary-explanations", "name": "Mechanisms and evolutionary explanations", "description": "Organises the processes and explanatory distinctions needed to interpret evolutionary change.", "rationale": "Evolutionary interpretation requires separating interacting mechanisms and testing adaptation claims rather than assuming every observed trait was selected for its present role.", "layers": [ { "id": "variation-and-population-change", "name": "Variation and population change", "description": "Connects sources of heritable variation with processes changing its distribution.", "findings": [ { "id": "mechanism-attribution", "name": "Mechanism attribution", "description": "Record how mutation, recombination, selection, drift, and gene flow enter an explanation and which effects the available evidence can distinguish.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which processes generate or rearrange variation, and which processes change its frequency in the population under study?", "kind": "definition", "id": "mechanism-attribution-q01" }, { "text": "What observations or estimated quantities distinguish the proposed contributions of selection, drift, and gene flow?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "mechanism-attribution-q02" }, { "text": "Which assumptions about population size, mating, migration, and inheritance are required by the explanation?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "mechanism-attribution-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "adaptation-and-constraint", "name": "Adaptation and constraint", "description": "Separates current utility, evolutionary origin, and limits on possible change.", "findings": [ { "id": "adaptation-claim-assessment", "name": "Adaptation claim assessment", "description": "Record the evidence linking a trait to selection in a specified context and consider alternatives involving ancestry, constraint, correlated change, or co-option.", "questions": [ { "text": "What evidence connects variation in the trait to differences in reproductive success in the relevant environment?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "adaptation-claim-assessment-q01" }, { "text": "Does evidence address the trait's evolutionary origin, its current function, or both?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "adaptation-claim-assessment-q02" }, { "text": "Which comparison or experiment could distinguish adaptation from the principal alternative explanation?", "kind": "action", "id": "adaptation-claim-assessment-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "ancestry-and-diversification", "name": "Ancestry and diversification", "description": "Represents how the field reconstructs evolutionary relationships and explains the emergence and disappearance of lineages.", "rationale": "Evolutionary biology addresses historical relationships and large-scale diversity as well as change within populations.", "layers": [ { "id": "phylogenetic-history", "name": "Phylogenetic history", "description": "Captures the basis and limits of reconstructed relationships.", "findings": [ { "id": "relationship-reconstruction", "name": "Relationship reconstruction", "description": "Record evidence, models, and uncertainty supporting an evolutionary tree or network, including possible disagreement between gene histories and lineage histories.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which molecular, morphological, or fossil observations support the proposed relationships?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "relationship-reconstruction-q01" }, { "text": "How are uncertainty and competing relationships represented, including possible hybridisation or horizontal gene transfer?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "relationship-reconstruction-q02" }, { "text": "Is the reconstruction a gene history, a population history, or a species history, and how is transfer between these justified?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "relationship-reconstruction-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "lineage-origination-and-loss", "name": "Lineage origination and loss", "description": "Connects species delimitation with claims about speciation, diversification, and extinction.", "findings": [ { "id": "species-and-diversification-conventions", "name": "Species and diversification conventions", "description": "Record the species concept, sampling frame, and temporal evidence used when interpreting lineage formation and loss.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which species concept or lineage-delimitation procedure is used, and why is it suitable for these organisms?", "kind": "definition", "id": "species-and-diversification-conventions-q01" }, { "text": "How do incomplete fossil preservation, missing living taxa, and dating uncertainty affect inferred diversification or extinction?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "species-and-diversification-conventions-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-methods-and-inference", "name": "Evidence, methods, and inference", "description": "Links evolutionary questions to observations, experiments, models, and limitations on inference.", "rationale": "Different evolutionary claims require different forms of support; an agent must recognise when data cannot distinguish competing histories or mechanisms.", "layers": [ { "id": "empirical-design", "name": "Empirical design", "description": "Identifies what a study observes or manipulates and whether its design can answer the evolutionary question.", "findings": [ { "id": "question-evidence-fit", "name": "Question-evidence fit", "description": "Record the relationship between the target claim and evidence from experimental evolution, field studies, genomes, comparative observations, or fossils.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which relevant changes are directly observed across generations, and which are reconstructed from present or preserved evidence?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "question-evidence-fit-q01" }, { "text": "What replication, sampling, or comparison is needed to distinguish heritable evolutionary change from phenotypic plasticity or environmental variation?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "question-evidence-fit-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "model-dependence-and-robustness", "name": "Model dependence and robustness", "description": "Makes assumptions and alternative explanations explicit in evolutionary inference.", "findings": [ { "id": "inferential-limits", "name": "Inferential limits", "description": "Record sensitivity to demographic history, shared ancestry, sampling, and model choice, and identify explanations that remain indistinguishable.", "questions": [ { "text": "Could demographic history, shared ancestry, or sampling bias produce the pattern attributed to the proposed evolutionary mechanism?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "inferential-limits-q01" }, { "text": "Which conclusions remain stable under plausible alternative models and parameter values?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "inferential-limits-q02" }, { "text": "What additional evidence would most effectively distinguish the remaining explanations?", "kind": "action", "id": "inferential-limits-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "field-recognition-and-application", "name": "Field recognition and application", "description": "Connects verified disciplinary markers with appropriate uses of evolutionary knowledge.", "rationale": "An agent needs to locate relevant expertise and judge the reach of evolutionary explanations without confusing institutional recognition with evidential support.", "layers": [ { "id": "classification-and-institutions", "name": "Classification and institutions", "description": "Records externally verifiable ways in which evolutionary biology is named and organised.", "findings": [ { "id": "verified-disciplinary-markers", "name": "Verified disciplinary markers", "description": "Record applicable classification entries and the stated remits of societies, journals, degree programmes, and reference works without inventing codes or treating any one marker as decisive.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which entries in named editions of relevant knowledge classifications cover evolutionary biology, and at what level of specificity?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "verified-disciplinary-markers-q01" }, { "text": "Which verified society remits, journal scopes, degree descriptions, or reference works explicitly establish the field's subject and methods?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "verified-disciplinary-markers-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "application-and-transfer", "name": "Application and transfer", "description": "Assesses the conditions for using evolutionary findings in conservation, resistance management, breeding, and related work.", "findings": [ { "id": "application-conditions", "name": "Application conditions", "description": "Record the evolutionary mechanism relevant to an application, the local evidence needed, and the boundary between empirical explanation and decisions requiring other expertise or values.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which supported evolutionary mechanism informs the proposed conservation, resistance-management, or breeding action?", "kind": "action", "id": "application-conditions-q01" }, { "text": "Which organism, environment, population, and timescale differences limit transfer from the supporting research?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "application-conditions-q02" }, { "text": "Which parts of the decision require clinical, ecological, operational, or ethical judgement beyond evolutionary biology?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "application-conditions-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "The listed kinds are overlapping subfields, not an exhaustive or mutually exclusive classification.", "Confirm the DDC edition and local cataloguing practice before assigning a formal catalogue code.", "No single field-wide regulatory standard is asserted; applicable rules depend on organisms, research methods, and jurisdiction." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of evolutionary biology this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Population genetics", "Molecular evolution", "Evolutionary ecology", "Evolutionary developmental biology", "Phylogenetics", "Macroevolution" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of evolutionary biology this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC)", "value_or_pattern": "576.8", "note": "Classification for evolution; a library subject class rather than a unique identifier for the discipline." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of evolutionary biology this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Explaining and anticipating the evolution of antimicrobial and pesticide resistance.", "Guiding conservation through analysis of genetic diversity, population connectivity, and evolutionary distinctiveness.", "Reconstructing relationships and historical diversification among organisms.", "Supporting crop and livestock breeding through understanding selection and inherited variation.", "Informing pathogen surveillance through evolutionary analysis of sampled genomes." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of evolutionary biology this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Allele frequency", "typical_range": "0-1", "unit": "dimensionless proportion" }, { "quantity": "Expected heterozygosity", "typical_range": "0-0.5 for a biallelic locus; higher maxima are possible with more alleles", "unit": "dimensionless probability" }, { "quantity": "Molecular substitution rate", "typical_range": "Varies substantially among lineages, genomic regions, and estimation timescales; no universal typical range", "unit": "substitutions per site per unit time" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of evolutionary biology this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Treating evolution as purposeful progress toward a predetermined endpoint.", "Assuming every trait is an adaptation while neglecting drift, developmental constraints, and historical contingency.", "Treating species observations as statistically independent despite shared ancestry.", "Confusing a gene tree with a species tree, especially when hybridization, horizontal gene transfer, or incomplete lineage sorting occurs.", "Using evolutionary explanations to justify social hierarchies or moral prescriptions that do not follow from biological evidence." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of evolutionary biology this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "University organization varies: evolutionary biology may sit within biology, ecology and evolution, genetics, zoology, or other departments.", "The treatment of evolution in school curricula varies with national and regional educational policy." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of evolutionary biology this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Evolution", "difference": "Evolution is the biological process and historical phenomenon; evolutionary biology is the discipline that investigates it." }, { "name": "Genetics", "difference": "Genetics studies inheritance and genetic variation broadly; evolutionary biology asks how inherited variation changes and contributes to lineage history and diversification." }, { "name": "Ecology", "difference": "Ecology studies interactions among organisms and their environments; evolutionary biology focuses on heritable change and ancestry, with evolutionary ecology occupying their overlap." }, { "name": "Systematics", "difference": "Systematics investigates biological diversity and relationships, including classification; evolutionary biology also investigates the mechanisms producing evolutionary change." }, { "name": "Paleontology", "difference": "Paleontology studies past life primarily through fossil evidence; evolutionary biology integrates fossils with genetic, experimental, comparative, and other evidence." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of evolutionary biology this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does the existing Vercy catalogue already contain a world model covering evolutionary biology that this registry entry should reference?", "Which authoritative definition and boundary convention should anchor this entry, particularly for systematics, palaeontology, evolutionary ecology, and evolutionary developmental biology?", "Which exact classification codes and editions, society remits, journal scopes, and defining reference works should be verified and recorded?", "How should the model represent differing frameworks for inheritance, developmental influence, and levels of selection without implying that all associated claims have equal evidential support?", "What minimum evidence and uncertainty information should an agent require before recommending transfer of an evolutionary explanation into a practical intervention?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 18, "questions": 33 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "discipline or field of knowledge", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a evolutionary biology, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an agent to recognise evolutionary biology as a field, assess the scope and evidential status of its explanations, and select appropriate methods or expertise for evolutionary questions.", "characteristics": { "substance": "information", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "read and interpreted" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: evolutionary genomics, computational evolutionary biology, experimental evolution, Evolutionary impacts of climate change, speciation and extinction.", "5 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 66 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a evolutionary biology, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "content that has to be carried by something else", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "read it and act on what it says" ], "howItIsRecognised": [], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "evolutionary genomics", "computational evolutionary biology", "experimental evolution", "Evolutionary impacts of climate change", "speciation and extinction" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 66 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 5 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one evolutionary biology from another, and a evolutionary biology from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a evolutionary biology, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a evolutionary biology, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a evolutionary biology is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a evolutionary biology, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a evolutionary biology, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a evolutionary biology is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a evolutionary biology sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a evolutionary biology, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a evolutionary biology, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a evolutionary biology is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a evolutionary biology from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a evolutionary biology, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a evolutionary biology, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a evolutionary biology is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a evolutionary biology passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a evolutionary biology between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a evolutionary biology, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a evolutionary biology, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a evolutionary biology is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a evolutionary biology, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a evolutionary biology is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a evolutionary biology, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a evolutionary biology, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a evolutionary biology is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "content-and-access", "name": "Content, encoding and access", "description": "What a evolutionary biology says, how it is encoded and who may read it.", "rationale": "An informational thing carries content that can be copied, versioned and withheld, none of which its physical carrier explains.", "layers": [ { "id": "content-and-encoding", "name": "Content and encoding", "description": "The content itself, its format and its language.", "findings": [ { "id": "content-and-format", "name": "Content, format and language", "description": "What a evolutionary biology contains and in what form it is held.", "questions": [ { "id": "content-and-format-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the content of a evolutionary biology, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "content-and-format-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the content of a evolutionary biology, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "content-and-format-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the content of a evolutionary biology is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "access-and-rights", "name": "Access, rights and retention", "description": "Who may read, copy or change it, and for how long it is kept.", "findings": [ { "id": "access-rules", "name": "Access rules and retention", "description": "The permissions attached to a evolutionary biology and the period it survives.", "questions": [ { "id": "access-rules-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes access to a evolutionary biology, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "access-rules-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about access to a evolutionary biology, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "access-rules-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once access to a evolutionary biology is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "subject-and-method", "name": "Subject matter and method", "description": "What evolutionary biology studies and how it establishes anything.", "rationale": "A field is identified by its questions and its methods, and those are what distinguish it from the fields next to it.", "layers": [ { "id": "subject", "name": "Subject matter", "description": "The questions it takes as its own.", "findings": [ { "id": "subject-record", "name": "Questions and objects of study", "description": "What it is about, stated so a neighbouring field can be told apart.", "questions": [ { "id": "subject-record-q01", "text": "What questions and objects does evolutionary biology take as its own?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "subject-record-q02", "text": "Which questions does it share with a neighbouring field, and who claims them?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "method", "name": "Method and evidence", "description": "How claims are established and what counts as evidence.", "findings": [ { "id": "method-record", "name": "Methods and standards of evidence", "description": "The methods used and what they are taken to establish.", "questions": [ { "id": "method-record-q01", "text": "By what methods does evolutionary biology establish claims, and what counts as sufficient evidence?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "method-record-q02", "text": "What kind of claim can this field not settle, and where should an agent look instead?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "institutions-and-classification", "name": "Institutions and classification", "description": "Where evolutionary biology is practised and how catalogues place it.", "rationale": "The institutional footprint is the evidence that a field exists as a field rather than as a topic.", "layers": [ { "id": "institutions", "name": "Institutional markers", "description": "Societies, journals, degrees and departments.", "findings": [ { "id": "institution-record", "name": "Bodies and venues", "description": "Where the field organises itself.", "questions": [ { "id": "institution-record-q01", "text": "Which societies, journals or degrees mark evolutionary biology as an established field?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "institution-record-q02", "text": "What would show that it is emerging or dissolving rather than established?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification", "name": "Classification schemes", "description": "Where library and research classifications put it.", "findings": [ { "id": "classification-record", "name": "Codes and their disagreements", "description": "The classification codes that place it, and where they differ.", "questions": [ { "id": "classification-record-q01", "text": "Which classification schemes place evolutionary biology, under what codes?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "classification-record-q02", "text": "Where do those schemes disagree about its scope?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a evolutionary biology came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a evolutionary biology and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a evolutionary biology, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a evolutionary biology, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a evolutionary biology is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a evolutionary biology is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a evolutionary biology, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a evolutionary biology, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a evolutionary biology is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }