{ "model": { "rank": 9636, "code": "thing-q841144", "model_id": "vr.tr.round-robin-tournament", "name": "round-robin tournament", "purpose": "Let an agent explain the round-robin format and its variants, support scheduling and standings calculation, compare it with other formats, and describe its uses in competitions.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Activities and processes", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "ACT", "domain": "ACT.EVT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q841144/", "tier": 2, "score": 47, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [], "aliasCount": 0, "merged": 0, "knownIn": 47, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q841144", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841144", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-12T01:55:17Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 2, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q841144", "registryId": "vr.tr.round-robin-tournament", "name": "round-robin tournament", "version": "0.2.0-wave.2", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "ACT.EVT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q841144/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.round-robin-tournament", "name": "round-robin tournament", "purpose": "Let an agent explain the round-robin format and its variants, support scheduling and standings calculation, compare it with other formats, and describe its uses in competitions.", "definition": "A tournament format in which each competitor or team plays every other competitor an equal number of times, with standings decided by accumulated points or wins, used in league seasons, group stages and small tournaments in sports, chess, esports and other competitions, in single or double round-robin forms; the format is fair and produces full rankings but requires many matches, and it is often combined with knockout stages.", "what_it_is_for": "Everyone-plays-everyone tournaments.", "affordances": [ "explain the format", "support scheduling and standings", "compare with other formats", "describe uses" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Complete pairing", "Full ranking", "Many matches", "Single or double" ], "appearance": "Not physical; a competition structure.", "visual_identification": [ "Each competitor plays every other", "Standings by points", "Knockout eliminates losers; Swiss pairs by score" ], "physical_properties": [], "families_and_kinds": [ "single round-robin", "double round-robin", "round-robin group stages", "round-robin in chess and esports", "combined round-robin and knockout formats" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "tournament", "why": "category" }, { "relation": "is related to", "target": "Scottish Premiership", "why": "a league using round-robin" }, { "relation": "is related to", "target": "UEFA Women Champions League", "why": "a competition with group stages" }, { "relation": "is related to", "target": "basketball", "why": "a sport using league formats" } ], "identifiers": [], "standards_and_regulation": [ "Competition regulations of federations", "Tie-break rules", "Scheduling standards" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Dead rubbers late in the schedule", "Collusion incentives", "Scheduling errors" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "understand", "name": "Understand", "description": "The format.", "rationale": "Definitions.", "layers": [ { "id": "concept", "name": "Concept", "description": "Concept and variants.", "findings": [ { "id": "concept-finding", "name": "Concept", "description": "Concept.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is a round-robin tournament, and how do single and double round-robins and group stages differ?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Which entry fits a specific competition?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "compare", "name": "Compare", "description": "Comparison with other formats.", "findings": [ { "id": "compare-finding", "name": "Compare", "description": "Comparison.", "questions": [ { "text": "How does round-robin compare with knockout, Swiss and ladder formats in fairness, matches and excitement?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Which entry fits tournament formats?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "run", "name": "Run", "description": "Scheduling and standings.", "rationale": "Practice.", "layers": [ { "id": "schedule", "name": "Schedule", "description": "Scheduling.", "findings": [ { "id": "schedule-finding", "name": "Schedule", "description": "Scheduling.", "questions": [ { "text": "How is a round-robin schedule constructed, including the circle method, and how are venues and rest days balanced?", "kind": "action" }, { "text": "Which tools help?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "standings", "name": "Standings", "description": "Standings and tie-breaks.", "findings": [ { "id": "standings-finding", "name": "Standings", "description": "Standings.", "questions": [ { "text": "How are standings calculated, and which tie-break rules apply?", "kind": "action" }, { "text": "Which entry fits tie-break rules?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "issues", "name": "Issues", "description": "Issues and integrity.", "rationale": "Context.", "layers": [ { "id": "integrity", "name": "Integrity", "description": "Dead rubbers and collusion.", "findings": [ { "id": "integrity-finding", "name": "Integrity", "description": "Integrity.", "questions": [ { "text": "What problems such as dead rubbers and collusion arise, and how do organisers address them?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits sports integrity?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "research", "name": "Research", "description": "Research on formats.", "findings": [ { "id": "research-finding", "name": "Research", "description": "Research.", "questions": [ { "text": "What does research say about the fairness and predictive validity of round-robin formats?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which findings are contested?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "learn", "name": "Learn", "description": "History and teaching.", "rationale": "Education.", "layers": [ { "id": "history", "name": "History", "description": "History.", "findings": [ { "id": "history-finding", "name": "History", "description": "History.", "questions": [ { "text": "How did the round-robin format develop, and where does the name come from?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which references are standard?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "teach", "name": "Teach", "description": "Teaching.", "findings": [ { "id": "teach-finding", "name": "Teach", "description": "Teaching.", "questions": [ { "text": "How can tournament design be taught with round-robin examples?", "kind": "action" }, { "text": "Which misconceptions arise?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should tie-break systems be a separate entry?", "How should scheduling algorithms be linked?", "How should competition regulations be linked?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "event or period", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a round-robin tournament, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent explain the round-robin format and its variants, support scheduling and standings calculation, compare it with other formats, and describe its uses in competitions.", "characteristics": { "substance": "activity", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Described in 47 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a round-robin tournament, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "something that happens over time", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Not a thing to see. Recognised by when it happened and who was involved, on the account of somebody." ], "relatedModels": [], "standing": "Described in 47 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one round-robin tournament from another, and a round-robin tournament from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a round-robin tournament, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a round-robin tournament, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a round-robin tournament is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a round-robin tournament, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a round-robin tournament, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a round-robin tournament is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a round-robin tournament sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a round-robin tournament, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a round-robin tournament, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a round-robin tournament is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a round-robin tournament from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a round-robin tournament, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a round-robin tournament, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a round-robin tournament is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a round-robin tournament passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a round-robin tournament between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a round-robin tournament, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a round-robin tournament, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a round-robin tournament is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a round-robin tournament, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a round-robin tournament is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a round-robin tournament, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a round-robin tournament, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a round-robin tournament is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "process-and-outcome", "name": "Process, inputs and outcome", "description": "How a round-robin tournament proceeds, what it needs and what it leaves behind.", "rationale": "An activity is known by its steps and its results, and both have to be recordable while it is still running.", "layers": [ { "id": "steps-and-sequence", "name": "Steps and sequence", "description": "The steps of a round-robin tournament, their order and what may run in parallel.", "findings": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions", "name": "Steps, preconditions and completion", "description": "What has to be true before each step of a round-robin tournament and what marks it done.", "questions": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a step of a round-robin tournament, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a step of a round-robin tournament, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a step of a round-robin tournament is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-results", "name": "Inputs, resources and results", "description": "What a round-robin tournament consumes and what it produces.", "findings": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs", "name": "Inputs, outputs and side effects", "description": "The resources a round-robin tournament takes and the results it leaves, wanted or not.", "questions": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the inputs and results of a round-robin tournament, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the inputs and results of a round-robin tournament, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the inputs and results of a round-robin tournament is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "extent-and-dating", "name": "Temporal extent and dating", "description": "When round-robin tournament began and ended, and who says so.", "rationale": "Dates for events are conventions held by historiographies that disagree, and a single confident date hides the disagreement.", "layers": [ { "id": "dating", "name": "Dating and calendar", "description": "Start, end, granularity and the calendar used.", "findings": [ { "id": "date-record", "name": "Dates, granularity and authority", "description": "What is dated, how precisely, and on whose account.", "questions": [ { "id": "date-record-q01", "text": "What start and end are conventionally given for round-robin tournament, at what granularity, in which calendar?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "date-record-q02", "text": "Which accounts date it differently, and on what grounds?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "membership-of-the-event", "name": "What counts as part of it", "description": "Sub-events included or excluded, and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "inclusion", "name": "Inclusion and exclusion", "description": "The episodes treated as inside the event and those left out.", "questions": [ { "id": "inclusion-q01", "text": "Which episodes are counted as part of round-robin tournament, and which are treated as separate?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "inclusion-q02", "text": "Whose framing is being followed in that inclusion, and who frames it otherwise?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "participants-and-consequence", "name": "Participants, causes and consequences", "description": "Who took part in round-robin tournament and what is claimed to follow from it.", "rationale": "Causation around events is asserted rather than observed, so each claim needs the party asserting it.", "layers": [ { "id": "participants", "name": "Participants and roles", "description": "Parties involved and what each did.", "findings": [ { "id": "participant-record", "name": "Parties and their roles", "description": "Who is recorded as involved and in what capacity.", "questions": [ { "id": "participant-record-q01", "text": "Which parties took part in round-robin tournament, in what roles, and on whose account?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "participant-record-q02", "text": "Where do accounts disagree about who was involved?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequences", "name": "Causes and consequences", "description": "What is claimed to have caused it and followed from it.", "findings": [ { "id": "causal-claims", "name": "Causal claims and who makes them", "description": "Antecedents and outcomes as attributed claims.", "questions": [ { "id": "causal-claims-q01", "text": "What causes and consequences are attributed to round-robin tournament, and by whom?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "causal-claims-q02", "text": "What would an agent need before treating such a claim as settled rather than contested?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a round-robin tournament came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a round-robin tournament and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a round-robin tournament, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a round-robin tournament, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a round-robin tournament is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a round-robin tournament is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a round-robin tournament, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a round-robin tournament, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a round-robin tournament is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }