{ "model": { "rank": 10370, "code": "thing-q844717", "model_id": "vr.tr.spina-bifida", "name": "spina bifida", "purpose": "Let an agent explain spina bifida and its forms, relay causes, prevention, prenatal detection, treatment and living with the condition from medical and patient organisation sources in general terms, describe the forms the registry aliases name, and distinguish spina bifida from other neural tube defects and spinal conditions, respectfully and without personal medical advice.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Cross-cutting context", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "XCT", "domain": "XCT.STA", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q844717/", "tier": 2, "score": 45, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "meningocele", "Congenital dermal sinus", "hip problems in spina bifida", "spina bifida occulta", "spina bifida cystica", "spina bifida aperta", "cranial meningocele", "myelocystocele" ], "aliasCount": 8, "merged": 8, "knownIn": 45, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q844717", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844717", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-13T15:46:37Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 4, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q844717", "registryId": "vr.tr.spina-bifida", "name": "spina bifida", "version": "0.2.0-wave.4", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "XCT.STA" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q844717/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.spina-bifida", "name": "spina bifida", "purpose": "Let an agent explain spina bifida and its forms, relay causes, prevention, prenatal detection, treatment and living with the condition from medical and patient organisation sources in general terms, describe the forms the registry aliases name, and distinguish spina bifida from other neural tube defects and spinal conditions, respectfully and without personal medical advice.", "definition": "A neural tube defect in which the spinal column does not close completely during early fetal development, ranging from spina bifida occulta, a hidden and usually harmless gap, and congenital dermal sinus, to spina bifida cystica or aperta, including meningocele, where the membranes protrude, and myelomeningocele, where the spinal cord is involved, which can cause paralysis, hydrocephalus, bladder and bowel problems and hip problems; folic acid before and in early pregnancy reduces risk. The model gives general information and routes people to clinicians.", "what_it_is_for": "Not applicable; a congenital condition.", "affordances": [ "explain the forms", "relay prevention and care", "route to clinicians and support", "distinguish related conditions" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Neural tube defect", "Occult and open forms", "Preventable in part", "Lifelong care in severe forms" ], "appearance": "Not a visible object; in open forms a sac on the back at birth.", "visual_identification": [ "Incomplete closure of the spinal column", "Spina bifida occulta, cystica, aperta, meningocele, congenital dermal sinus, hip problems", "Anencephaly is another neural tube defect; scoliosis is spinal curvature; tethered cord can accompany spina bifida" ], "physical_properties": [ { "quantity": "prevalence", "typical_range": "about 1 in 1000-2000", "unit": "note", "note": "births, varies by country" }, { "quantity": "folic acid risk reduction", "typical_range": "up to about 70", "unit": "percent", "note": "" }, { "quantity": "neural tube closure", "typical_range": "about day 28", "unit": "note", "note": "of gestation" } ], "families_and_kinds": [ "spina bifida occulta", "congenital dermal sinus", "meningocele", "myelomeningocele", "associated hydrocephalus and Chiari II malformation", "orthopaedic issues such as hip problems" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "neural tube defect", "why": "in registry terms" }, { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "spinal dysraphism", "why": "in registry terms" }, { "relation": "is prevented in part by", "target": "folic acid", "why": "supplementation" }, { "relation": "is often associated with", "target": "hydrocephalus", "why": "in myelomeningocele" } ], "identifiers": [ { "scheme": "ICD-10", "value_or_pattern": "Q05", "note": "spina bifida" }, { "scheme": "MeSH", "value_or_pattern": "D016135", "note": "Spinal Dysraphism" } ], "standards_and_regulation": [ "Folic acid fortification policies", "Prenatal screening guidelines", "Disability rights and education laws" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Agents giving personal medical advice", "Disrespectful framing of disability", "Registry aliases mixing forms and complications" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "understand", "name": "Understand", "description": "What spina bifida is.", "rationale": "Clinical.", "layers": [ { "id": "definition", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-finding", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is spina bifida, and how does it differ from other neural tube defects and spinal conditions?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Is the question general, or about a pregnancy, a child or an adult s care, which needs clinicians?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "forms", "name": "Forms", "description": "Forms.", "findings": [ { "id": "forms-finding", "name": "Forms", "description": "Forms.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are spina bifida occulta, congenital dermal sinus, meningocele and myelomeningocele, and related hip problems?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the specific form?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "prevention", "name": "Prevention", "description": "Prevention and detection.", "rationale": "Regulation.", "layers": [ { "id": "folate", "name": "Folate", "description": "Folic acid.", "findings": [ { "id": "folate-finding", "name": "Folate", "description": "Folate.", "questions": [ { "text": "What do health authorities recommend about folic acid and fortification?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which references are standard?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "prenatal", "name": "Prenatal", "description": "Prenatal detection.", "findings": [ { "id": "prenatal-finding", "name": "Prenatal", "description": "Prenatal.", "questions": [ { "text": "How is spina bifida detected before birth, and what options are described in guidelines?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which sources are cited?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "care", "name": "Care", "description": "Treatment and living.", "rationale": "Clinical.", "layers": [ { "id": "treatment", "name": "Treatment", "description": "Treatment.", "findings": [ { "id": "treatment-finding", "name": "Treatment", "description": "Treatment.", "questions": [ { "text": "What surgical and ongoing treatments exist, including fetal surgery, in general terms?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits fetal surgery?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "living", "name": "Living", "description": "Living with spina bifida.", "findings": [ { "id": "living-finding", "name": "Living", "description": "Living.", "questions": [ { "text": "What do patient organisations say about daily life, education and independence?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits spina bifida associations?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "context", "name": "Context", "description": "Research and rights.", "rationale": "Context.", "layers": [ { "id": "research", "name": "Research", "description": "Research.", "findings": [ { "id": "research-finding", "name": "Research", "description": "Research.", "questions": [ { "text": "What causes are being researched beyond folate?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits neural tube defect research?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "rights", "name": "Rights", "description": "Rights.", "findings": [ { "id": "rights-finding", "name": "Rights", "description": "Rights.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do disability rights frameworks apply?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is the presentation respectful?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should meningocele and spina bifida occulta be separate primary entries?", "How should medical and patient sources be linked?", "The registry entry has merged aliases naming forms and complications; should they be split off?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a spina bifida, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent explain spina bifida and its forms, relay causes, prevention, prenatal detection, treatment and living with the condition from medical and patient organisation sources in general terms, describe the forms the registry aliases name, and distinguish spina bifida from other neural tube defects and spinal conditions, respectfully and without personal medical advice.", "characteristics": { "substance": "abstract", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: meningocele, Congenital dermal sinus, hip problems in spina bifida, spina bifida occulta, spina bifida cystica, spina bifida aperta, cranial meningocele, myelocystocele.", "8 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 45 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a spina bifida, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "an abstraction with no physical instance", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "meningocele", "Congenital dermal sinus", "hip problems in spina bifida", "spina bifida occulta", "spina bifida cystica", "spina bifida aperta", "cranial meningocele", "myelocystocele" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 45 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 8 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one spina bifida from another, and a spina bifida from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a spina bifida, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a spina bifida, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a spina bifida is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a spina bifida, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a spina bifida, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a spina bifida is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a spina bifida sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a spina bifida, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a spina bifida, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a spina bifida is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a spina bifida from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a spina bifida, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a spina bifida, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a spina bifida is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a spina bifida passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a spina bifida between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a spina bifida, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a spina bifida, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a spina bifida is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a spina bifida, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a spina bifida is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a spina bifida, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a spina bifida, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a spina bifida is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What spina bifida is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of spina bifida are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is spina bifida operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of spina bifida and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of spina bifida?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as spina bifida?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a spina bifida came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a spina bifida and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a spina bifida, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a spina bifida, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a spina bifida is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a spina bifida is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a spina bifida, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a spina bifida, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a spina bifida is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 5, "layers": 10, "findings": 12, "questions": 32 } } } }