{ "model": { "rank": 16438, "code": "thing-q857809", "model_id": "vr.tr.equilibrium-constant", "name": "equilibrium constant", "purpose": "Let an agent handle equilibrium constants by expression, calculation, temperature dependence and applications, with sourced data.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Cross-cutting context", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "XCT", "domain": "XCT.QTY", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q857809/", "tier": 2, "score": 32, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "solubility product" ], "aliasCount": 1, "merged": 1, "knownIn": 32, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": "vr.tr.equilibrium-constant", "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q857809", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857809", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-11T11:51:59Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 1, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q857809", "registryId": "vr.tr.equilibrium-constant", "name": "equilibrium constant", "version": "0.2.0-wave.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "XCT.QTY" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q857809/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.equilibrium-constant", "name": "equilibrium constant", "purpose": "Let an agent handle equilibrium constants by expression, calculation, temperature dependence and applications, with sourced data.", "definition": "A number characterising the ratio of product to reactant concentrations or activities at chemical equilibrium for a given reaction and temperature, written K (Kc, Kp), with related constants such as the solubility product (Ksp), acid dissociation constant (Ka) and formation constants.", "what_it_is_for": "Predicting the extent of reactions and composition at equilibrium.", "affordances": [ "write equilibrium constant expressions", "calculate equilibrium concentrations", "relate K to Gibbs energy", "look up constants from data tables" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Defined at equilibrium", "Temperature-dependent", "Related to Gibbs free energy", "Many specialised forms" ], "appearance": "Not physical; written as K values in tables and equations.", "visual_identification": [ "K, Kc, Kp, Ka, Ksp", "Reaction quotient Q compares non-equilibrium states", "Rate constants describe speed, not extent" ], "physical_properties": [], "families_and_kinds": [ "Kc and Kp", "acid and base dissociation constants", "solubility products", "formation and stability constants", "partition coefficients (related)" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "chemical quantity", "why": "category" }, { "relation": "includes", "target": "solubility product", "why": "kind" }, { "relation": "is related to", "target": "Gibbs free energy", "why": "thermodynamics" }, { "relation": "is contrasted with", "target": "rate constant", "why": "kinetics" } ], "identifiers": [], "standards_and_regulation": [ "IUPAC recommendations on equilibrium constants" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Using K at the wrong temperature", "Confusing K and Q", "Ignoring activity corrections" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "expression", "name": "Expression", "description": "Writing K.", "rationale": "Expressions follow rules.", "layers": [ { "id": "write", "name": "Write", "description": "Expression.", "findings": [ { "id": "write-finding", "name": "Write", "description": "Expression.", "questions": [ { "text": "How is the equilibrium constant expression written for this reaction?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Which species are excluded, such as pure solids?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "type", "name": "Type", "description": "Which constant.", "findings": [ { "id": "type-finding", "name": "Type", "description": "Constant type.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is Kc, Kp, Ka or Ksp meant?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "How do they relate?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "calculation", "name": "Calculation", "description": "Using K.", "rationale": "Calculations predict composition.", "layers": [ { "id": "concentrations", "name": "Concentrations", "description": "Equilibrium amounts.", "findings": [ { "id": "concentrations-finding", "name": "Concentrations", "description": "Equilibrium concentrations.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are the equilibrium concentrations given these starting amounts?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "text": "Are approximations valid?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "q", "name": "Q", "description": "Reaction quotient.", "findings": [ { "id": "q-finding", "name": "Q", "description": "Reaction quotient.", "questions": [ { "text": "How does comparing Q with K predict the direction of reaction?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "What is Q here?", "kind": "measurement" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "thermodynamics", "name": "Thermodynamics", "description": "Temperature and energy.", "rationale": "K depends on temperature.", "layers": [ { "id": "gibbs", "name": "Gibbs", "description": "Free energy.", "findings": [ { "id": "gibbs-finding", "name": "Gibbs", "description": "Gibbs energy relation.", "questions": [ { "text": "How is K related to the standard Gibbs energy change?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "What value results?", "kind": "measurement" } ] } ] }, { "id": "temperature", "name": "Temperature", "description": "Van t Hoff.", "findings": [ { "id": "temperature-finding", "name": "Temperature", "description": "Temperature dependence.", "questions": [ { "text": "How does K change with temperature for this reaction?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Is the reaction exothermic or endothermic?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "data", "name": "Data", "description": "Sources.", "rationale": "Values need sources.", "layers": [ { "id": "tables", "name": "Tables", "description": "Reference data.", "findings": [ { "id": "tables-finding", "name": "Tables", "description": "Reference data.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is the tabulated value, and at what temperature and ionic strength?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which data source is used?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "teaching", "name": "Teaching", "description": "Learning.", "findings": [ { "id": "teaching-finding", "name": "Teaching", "description": "Teaching.", "questions": [ { "text": "How can equilibrium constants be explained with a worked example?", "kind": "action" }, { "text": "Which misconceptions arise?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should constant types be separate entries?", "How should data tables be linked?", "How should activity corrections be explained?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "unit, quantity or measure", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a equilibrium constant, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent handle equilibrium constants by expression, calculation, temperature dependence and applications, with sourced data.", "characteristics": { "substance": "abstract", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: solubility product.", "1 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 32 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a equilibrium constant, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "an abstraction with no physical instance", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see: a unit is a convention. What is seen is an instrument reading in it." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "solubility product" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 32 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 1 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one equilibrium constant from another, and a equilibrium constant from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a equilibrium constant, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a equilibrium constant, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a equilibrium constant is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a equilibrium constant, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a equilibrium constant, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a equilibrium constant is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a equilibrium constant sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a equilibrium constant, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a equilibrium constant, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a equilibrium constant is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a equilibrium constant from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a equilibrium constant, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a equilibrium constant, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a equilibrium constant is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a equilibrium constant passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a equilibrium constant between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a equilibrium constant, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a equilibrium constant, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a equilibrium constant is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a equilibrium constant, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a equilibrium constant is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a equilibrium constant, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a equilibrium constant, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a equilibrium constant is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definition-and-realisation", "name": "Definition, dimension and realisation", "description": "What equilibrium constant is defined as and how it is realised in practice.", "rationale": "A unit is not the quantity it measures, and its definition has a history that older data still depends on.", "layers": [ { "id": "definition", "name": "Definition and dimension", "description": "The defining relation and the quantity it measures.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-record", "name": "Definition, body and date", "description": "What defines it now, and what defined it before.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-record-q01", "text": "How is equilibrium constant defined, by which body, and since when?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-record-q02", "text": "What was the previous definition, and what data still depends on it?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "conversion", "name": "Conversion and compatibility", "description": "Relations to other units, exact or approximate.", "findings": [ { "id": "conversion-record", "name": "Conversions and their exactness", "description": "Factors, and whether each is exact by definition.", "questions": [ { "id": "conversion-record-q01", "text": "What conversions relate equilibrium constant to other units, and which are exact by definition?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "conversion-record-q02", "text": "Where does rounding a conversion change a decision, and how should that be recorded?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a equilibrium constant came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a equilibrium constant and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a equilibrium constant, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a equilibrium constant, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a equilibrium constant is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a equilibrium constant is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a equilibrium constant, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a equilibrium constant, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a equilibrium constant is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 10, "questions": 28 } } } }