{ "model": { "rank": 4573, "code": "thing-q862454", "model_id": "vr.tr.lantern", "name": "lantern", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise a lantern, assess its lighting capability and condition, and determine suitable placement, operation and care.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.OBJ", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q862454/", "tier": 2, "score": 74, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "streetlight", "Friso Kramer Streetlight", "light post", "Ferdinandean street light", "island light", "Richardson candle", "Street lights in Prague", "solar street light", "gas streetlight", "Sodium-vapor discharge lamp posts", "sewer gas destructor lamp", "Streetlight by Richard Paulick", "Exterior spherical lanterns", "kingyo chōchin", "jack-o'-lantern", "stone lantern", "water lantern", "tōrō nagashi", "Toržio", "fresh air lantern", "Räbeliechtli", "processional lantern", "traditional lighting equipment of Japan", "Fresnel lantern", "dark lantern", "paper lantern", "andon", "chōchin", "bonbori", "Akari", "Odawara chōchin" ], "aliasCount": 31, "merged": 31, "knownIn": 74, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q862454", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q862454", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T20:32:17Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 21.6, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a087de-0e44-77d0-8113-9c92652f2c2f\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: lantern\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: PHY.OBJ\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 1001 things:\n# Batch 005: 1001 registe", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 65.5, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a087de-0e3a-7203-bb33-dd3d79680194\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: lantern\nRegistry id: vr.tr.lantern\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.OBJ\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\n\nContext " } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q862454", "registryId": "vr.tr.lantern", "name": "lantern", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.OBJ" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q862454/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.lantern", "name": "lantern", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise a lantern, assess its lighting capability and condition, and determine suitable placement, operation and care.", "definition": "A lantern is a lighting device whose light source is housed within a protective enclosure that permits light to escape, commonly designed for carrying, hanging, or standing on a surface.", "scope_statement": "This model covers lantern as a kind of enclosed or guarded lighting device intended primarily to illuminate its surroundings, commonly carried, hung or set down, with variant-specific treatment of flame, fuel and electric operation.", "in_scope": [ "Lantern identity, lighting purpose and distinction between the kind, a product model and an individual unit", "Light source, energy supply and operating principle", "Enclosure, light distribution, carrying handle, hanging attachment and standing base", "Controls, operating states and evidence of lighting performance", "Placement constraints, condition, maintenance and variant-specific hazards" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Fuel chemistry, battery chemistry and electricity supply systems as independent things", "Flashlights and spotlights whose primary function is a directed beam", "Complete street-lighting installations and their supporting infrastructure", "Airborne sky lanterns whose defining operation includes flight", "Decorative shells without a lighting assembly and organisms called lanterns" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "The assembly contains or guards a light source within a body designed to let useful light escape; a bare candle or bulb alone does not meet this test.", "Its primary intended output illuminates a surrounding area or provides visible light, rather than concentrating illumination into a handheld aiming beam.", "Its design supports a usable position through a base, hanging attachment or mounting arrangement; identify which arrangement applies rather than assuming every lantern is portable.", "Its light-producing mechanism must be identified independently of its shape: similar lantern bodies can contain candles, liquid-fuel burners, gas mantles or electric emitters.", "A lantern-shaped ornament qualifies only when the scoped assembly includes a functional light source or provisions explicitly intended to receive one." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Lighting mechanism", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "candle flame | wick burner | mantle burner | electric emitter | other documented mechanism", "why_it_matters": "Determines ignition or switching behaviour, consumables, heat generation and servicing needs." }, { "name": "Energy supply", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "specified candle or fuel; replaceable battery; rechargeable battery; external electrical supply; other documented supply", "why_it_matters": "Allows compatibility checks without treating visually similar fuels, cells or connectors as interchangeable." }, { "name": "Surrounding light distribution", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "all-around | partially shielded | directional | adjustable; supported by angular description or test", "why_it_matters": "Determines whether the lantern can illuminate the intended area without unacceptable shadowing or glare." }, { "name": "Light output", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "lumens, with operating mode, measurement method and source", "why_it_matters": "Supports comparison of usable output while distinguishing measured performance from a product claim." }, { "name": "Illuminance at a task location", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "lux, with distance in metres, orientation and operating mode", "why_it_matters": "Tests whether the lantern provides enough light where it is needed." }, { "name": "Operating endurance", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "hours, with fuel quantity or battery condition, output setting and endpoint criterion", "why_it_matters": "Supports planning without assuming runtime is independent of brightness or energy supply." }, { "name": "Support and handling arrangement", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "standing base | carrying handle | hanging loop or hook | fixed mount; combinations permitted", "why_it_matters": "Constrains placement, transport and suspension." }, { "name": "Physical envelope and operating mass", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "height, width and depth in mm; mass in kg; distinguish empty, filled and packed configurations", "why_it_matters": "Supports clearance, carrying and support-load decisions." }, { "name": "Operating state", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "off | starting | illuminated | extinguishing | cooling | charging | faulted; applicability depends on mechanism", "why_it_matters": "Prevents an agent from equating absence of light with readiness for handling or servicing." }, { "name": "Protective component condition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "documented condition of globe, guard, seals, vents, base and handle; intact | degraded | missing | unknown where applicable", "why_it_matters": "Identifies damage that can change light distribution, containment, stability or environmental protection." }, { "name": "Applicable operating instructions and conformity evidence", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "links to identified product instructions, issuing bodies, standards editions, test reports or certification records", "why_it_matters": "Grounds operating limits and conformity claims in evidence specific to the lantern variant." } ], "affordances": [ "Classify a lantern by lighting mechanism and intended use, then identify the instructions applicable to a particular product or unit.", "Assess whether documented light output, endurance and distribution suit a proposed lighting task.", "Choose a supported standing, hanging or mounted position using stability, clearance and environmental constraints.", "Determine whether switching, ignition, adjustment, extinguishing or charging is appropriate in the observed state.", "Identify compatible consumables and maintenance actions from the lantern's documented mechanism.", "Flag damage, unknown fuel, leakage or other unresolved conditions that prevent a justified readiness decision." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "lantern-identity-and-lighting-role", "name": "Lantern identity and lighting role", "description": "Establishes the lighting-device sense of lantern and the role its enclosure and light distribution serve.", "rationale": "Lantern-shaped objects and neighbouring lighting devices can look alike while requiring different models and actions.", "layers": [ { "id": "assembly-boundary", "name": "Assembly boundary", "description": "Defines which components together constitute the lantern and distinguishes kind, product and unit.", "findings": [ { "id": "light-source-and-enclosure", "name": "Light source and enclosure", "description": "Record how the light source, enclosing or guarding body and support features form the scoped lighting assembly.", "questions": [ { "text": "What light source and surrounding body make this a lantern rather than a bare lamp, candle or decorative shell?", "kind": "definition", "id": "light-source-and-enclosure-q01" }, { "text": "Which attributes define the lantern kind, and which belong only to a named product or observed unit?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "light-source-and-enclosure-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "lighting-role", "name": "Lighting role", "description": "Captures the intended illumination or visibility task and its effect on classification.", "findings": [ { "id": "area-light-and-specialised-uses", "name": "Area light and specialised uses", "description": "Identify whether the lantern serves surrounding illumination, signalling or decoration, and how strongly its output is directed.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is the intended task area illumination, marking a position, signalling or decorative lighting?", "kind": "definition", "id": "area-light-and-specialised-uses-q01" }, { "text": "What documented design feature distinguishes it from a flashlight, spotlight or complete fixed lighting installation?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "area-light-and-specialised-uses-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "light-generation-and-energy", "name": "Light generation and energy", "description": "Models the mechanism that produces light and the supply that sustains it.", "rationale": "Candle, wick, mantle and electric lanterns require different compatibility checks and operating sequences.", "layers": [ { "id": "emitter-and-supply", "name": "Emitter and supply", "description": "Connects the light-producing mechanism to its compatible energy supply and consumable components.", "findings": [ { "id": "mechanism-specific-compatibility", "name": "Mechanism-specific compatibility", "description": "Record the emitter, any burner or electrical conversion components, and the specified fuel, candle or electrical supply.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does this lantern produce light through a candle, wick flame, heated mantle, electric emitter or another documented mechanism?", "kind": "definition", "id": "mechanism-specific-compatibility-q01" }, { "text": "Which source establishes compatible fuel, candle dimensions, battery type, supply voltage or charging equipment?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "mechanism-specific-compatibility-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "controls-and-transitions", "name": "Controls and transitions", "description": "Describes starting, adjusting and stopping light production, including intermediate states.", "findings": [ { "id": "ignition-switching-and-shutdown", "name": "Ignition, switching and shutdown", "description": "Record applicable controls and the conditions governing ignition, switching, output adjustment, extinguishing and charging.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which controls change light output, fuel flow or electrical power, and what observable states do they produce?", "kind": "definition", "id": "ignition-switching-and-shutdown-q01" }, { "text": "What documented conditions must hold before starting, extinguishing, refilling, opening or charging this lantern?", "kind": "action", "id": "ignition-switching-and-shutdown-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "illumination-and-placement", "name": "Illumination and placement", "description": "Relates useful light and endurance to the position and physical support of the lantern.", "rationale": "A lantern's usefulness depends on where its light reaches and whether it can remain in a suitable operating position.", "layers": [ { "id": "output-distribution-and-endurance", "name": "Output, distribution and endurance", "description": "Captures brightness, shielding, output variation and usable operating duration.", "findings": [ { "id": "task-level-lighting-evidence", "name": "Task-level lighting evidence", "description": "Keep output and endurance observations tied to settings, energy conditions and measurement geometry.", "questions": [ { "text": "What luminous flux or task-location illuminance is supported by evidence, at which setting, distance and orientation?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "task-level-lighting-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "How long does useful illumination persist under stated fuel or battery conditions, and what defines the endpoint?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "task-level-lighting-evidence-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "standing-hanging-and-carrying", "name": "Standing, hanging and carrying", "description": "Describes bases, handles, suspension points and the constraints attached to their use.", "findings": [ { "id": "supported-operating-position", "name": "Supported operating position", "description": "Record permitted orientations, support arrangements, physical dimensions and handling restrictions.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which standing, hanging or mounted orientations are documented for operation, and may the lantern be carried while illuminated?", "kind": "action", "id": "supported-operating-position-q01" }, { "text": "What operating mass, dimensions and support or clearance limits govern the proposed position?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "supported-operating-position-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-care-and-operating-limits", "name": "Condition, care and operating limits", "description": "Connects lantern-specific deterioration and hazards to inspection, maintenance and readiness decisions.", "rationale": "A lantern can still produce light while its containment, support or protection has become unsuitable for use.", "layers": [ { "id": "protective-parts-and-maintenance", "name": "Protective parts and maintenance", "description": "Tracks the condition of the enclosure and mechanism-specific service items.", "findings": [ { "id": "inspection-and-consumable-renewal", "name": "Inspection and consumable renewal", "description": "Identify relevant checks for globes, guards, vents, handles, seals, wicks, mantles, contacts and batteries without assuming every lantern has each part.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which observed cracks, soot deposits, leaks, corrosion, loose attachments or emitter defects affect this lantern's readiness?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "inspection-and-consumable-renewal-q01" }, { "text": "Which cleaning, adjustment or replacement actions are prescribed, and what cooling or energy-isolation state do they require?", "kind": "action", "id": "inspection-and-consumable-renewal-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "environment-and-safety-evidence", "name": "Environment and safety evidence", "description": "Establishes supported environmental limits and mechanism-specific protection requirements.", "findings": [ { "id": "documented-use-envelope", "name": "Documented use envelope", "description": "Attach evidence for ventilation, heat clearance, moisture exposure, electrical protection and any fitted safety features to the applicable variant.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which instructions establish indoor or outdoor suitability, ventilation needs, heat clearances and limits on rain, wind or temperature exposure?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "documented-use-envelope-q01" }, { "text": "Which standards, issuing bodies, certification records or tests support claimed protection, and which interlocks or protective features are actually present?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "documented-use-envelope-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "The registry records no sense; this description covers the physical lighting device, excluding architectural lanterns and projection devices such as magic lanterns.", "The luminous-flux range is an approximate consumer LED example, not a defining limit or a specification for every lantern type.", "Check the applicable product-specific standards and local restrictions once the fuel, electrical design, intended setting, and jurisdiction are known." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of lantern this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Candle lantern", "Wick-fed oil or kerosene lantern", "Pressurized liquid-fuel mantle lantern", "Gas-cartridge mantle lantern", "Battery-powered electric lantern", "Paper lantern" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of lantern this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "IEC 60598-1, issued by the International Electrotechnical Commission, specifies general requirements and tests for luminaires; applicability to an electric lantern depends on its design and classification." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of lantern this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Portable area lighting for camping and outdoor work", "Household illumination during electricity outages", "Lighting in locations without an electricity supply", "Decorative and ceremonial illumination", "Signaling or marking a location" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of lantern this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Luminous flux of consumer LED camping lanterns", "typical_range": "Approximately 50-1000", "unit": "lm" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of lantern this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Fuel leaks, tipping, or contact with combustible materials can cause fire in flame-powered lanterns.", "Combustion-powered lanterns can produce carbon monoxide, particularly dangerous in enclosed spaces.", "Hot glass, metal, and mantles can cause burns; damaged enclosures can expose flames or sharp edges.", "Battery depletion, corroded contacts, or water ingress can cause loss of illumination.", "Damaged rechargeable batteries or unsuitable charging equipment can cause overheating or fire." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of lantern this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Fuel names and availability vary; kerosene is also called paraffin in some English-speaking regions.", "Gas-cartridge connections and fuel compatibility vary between markets and products.", "Paper-lantern traditions include suspended decorative lanterns and airborne sky lanterns, which have different operating conditions and hazards." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of lantern this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "lamp", "difference": "Lamp is the broader category; a lantern characteristically incorporates an enclosure around its light source." }, { "name": "flashlight", "difference": "A flashlight primarily projects a directed beam, whereas a lantern typically illuminates a surrounding area." }, { "name": "candle", "difference": "A candle is a fuel-and-wick light source; it becomes part of a lantern when placed within a suitable protective housing." }, { "name": "sky lantern", "difference": "A sky lantern is a narrower kind whose heated-air envelope enables flight; ordinary lanterns are carried, supported, or suspended." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of lantern this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does the registry intend lantern to include fixed architectural, signalling and decorative lighting variants, or primarily portable area lights?", "Should airborne sky lanterns and historical projection devices named lanterns be linked to separate registry concepts, given that no definition is recorded here?", "Which standards and certification schemes apply to each fuel-burning and electric variant in the intended jurisdictions?", "What sourced ranges of output, runtime, dimensions and operating mass are representative of each variant without being misleading across the whole kind?", "Which variant-specific inspection thresholds and failure symptoms justify continued use, repair or withdrawal, and where is that guidance documented?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 5, "layers": 9, "findings": 16, "questions": 24 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "device, machine or tool", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a lantern, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an agent to recognise a lantern, assess its lighting capability and condition, and determine suitable placement, operation and care.", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "manufactured", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "varies" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: streetlight, Friso Kramer Streetlight, light post, Ferdinandean street light, island light, Richardson candle, Street lights in Prague, solar street light, gas streetlight, Sodium-vapor discharge lamp posts, sewer gas destructor lamp, Streetlight by Richard Paulick.", "31 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 74 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a lantern, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Mobility varies between examples.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by form, by the arrangement of its controls, and by markings - a plate, a model number, a certification mark. Form alone rarely separates two models that do very different things." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "streetlight", "Friso Kramer Streetlight", "light post", "Ferdinandean street light", "island light", "Richardson candle", "Street lights in Prague", "solar street light", "gas streetlight", "Sodium-vapor discharge lamp posts", "sewer gas destructor lamp", "Streetlight by Richard Paulick" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 74 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 31 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one lantern from another, and a lantern from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a lantern, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a lantern, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a lantern is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a lantern, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a lantern, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a lantern is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a lantern sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a lantern, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a lantern, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a lantern is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a lantern from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a lantern, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a lantern, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a lantern is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a lantern is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a lantern, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a lantern, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a lantern is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a lantern is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a lantern, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a lantern, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a lantern is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a lantern is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a lantern, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a lantern, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a lantern is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a lantern is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a lantern is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a lantern, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a lantern, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a lantern is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a lantern is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a lantern, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a lantern, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a lantern is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a lantern passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a lantern between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a lantern, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a lantern, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a lantern is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a lantern, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a lantern is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a lantern, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a lantern, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a lantern is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "function-and-principle", "name": "Function and operating principle", "description": "What lantern is for and how it achieves it.", "rationale": "Two devices with the same name can work on different principles, and the principle is what predicts failure and constrains use.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-function", "name": "Intended function", "description": "The job it does, and the jobs it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-record", "name": "Function, principle and variants", "description": "What it does, how, and which variants do it differently.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-record-q01", "text": "What function does lantern perform, on what operating principle, and which variants differ in that principle?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "function-record-q02", "text": "What use falls outside the intended function but happens in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "capacity-and-rating", "name": "Capacity and rating", "description": "The numbers that say what it can do and where it stops.", "findings": [ { "id": "ratings", "name": "Ratings and their conditions", "description": "Rated capacity, power, throughput and the conditions each assumes.", "questions": [ { "id": "ratings-q01", "text": "What ratings characterise lantern, in what units, and under what stated conditions?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "ratings-q02", "text": "What happens beyond the rating - degradation, refusal, damage - and how is that detected?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "operation-and-state", "name": "Operation, controls and state", "description": "How lantern is operated and what state it is in right now.", "rationale": "An agent acting on a device needs its current state and the controls that change it, not just its specification.", "layers": [ { "id": "controls-and-modes", "name": "Controls and modes", "description": "What can be set, what that changes, and what is interlocked.", "findings": [ { "id": "control-surface", "name": "Control surface and interlocks", "description": "The settings available and the conditions that block them.", "questions": [ { "id": "control-surface-q01", "text": "What controls and modes does lantern have, and what does each change?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "control-surface-q02", "text": "Which actions are interlocked or forbidden in which state, and what must be true before acting?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-maintenance", "name": "Condition and maintenance", "description": "Wear, service intervals, consumables and the line between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "service-record", "name": "Condition, service and consumables", "description": "What is consumed, what is serviced, and how condition is judged.", "questions": [ { "id": "service-record-q01", "text": "What consumables and service does lantern need, at what interval, and on whose authority?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "service-record-q02", "text": "What evidence separates a unit that is working from one that is out of service?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "kind-model-unit", "name": "Kind, model and unit", "description": "Whether a claim about lantern is about the kind, a product line, or one physical unit.", "rationale": "This is the boundary most often got wrong for made things, and getting it wrong mixes a catalogue entry with the machine in the yard.", "layers": [ { "id": "level-of-reference", "name": "Level of reference", "description": "The three levels and what belongs at each.", "findings": [ { "id": "level-rules", "name": "What belongs to kind, model and unit", "description": "Which properties are shared by all of them and which are not.", "questions": [ { "id": "level-rules-q01", "text": "Which facts about lantern hold for every one of them, which for a model, and which only for one unit?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "level-rules-q02", "text": "What identifies an individual unit, and what should an agent do when it has only the kind?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "standards-and-conformity", "name": "Standards and conformity", "description": "The standards a working example must meet and who attests it.", "findings": [ { "id": "conformity", "name": "Standards, marks and attestation", "description": "Which standard applies, who certifies, and what the mark means.", "questions": [ { "id": "conformity-q01", "text": "Which standards govern lantern, issued by whom, and what does conformity actually assert?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "conformity-q02", "text": "What may an agent conclude from a certification mark, and what may it not?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a lantern came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a lantern and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a lantern, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a lantern, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a lantern is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a lantern is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a lantern, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a lantern, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a lantern is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }