{ "model": { "rank": 10820, "code": "thing-q86860", "model_id": "vr.tr.bible-translation", "name": "Bible translation", "purpose": "Let an agent explain Bible translation and its history, methods and major versions with attribution, support comparing translations, describe translation organisations and debates, and support scholarly and religious study respectfully.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Information and virtual systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "INF", "domain": "INF.MED", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q86860/", "tier": 2, "score": 43, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "Christian Community Bible", "translation of the New Testament into Aramaic", "Bible translation into English", "Bible translations into French", "Bible translation into German", "Bible translations into Polish", "Bible translation into Russian", "Bible translations into Slovak", "Bible translations into Serbian", "Bible translations into Swedish", "Bible translations into Czech", "Bible translations into Slovene", "Bible translations into Slavic languages", "Bible translations into Croatian", "Bible translations into Estonian", "Bible translations into Finnish", "Bible translations into Macedonian", "Bible translations into Greek", "Bible translations into Latin", "Bible translations into Hebrew", "Bible translations into Italian", "Bible translations into Esperanto", "Bible translations into Spanish", "Bible translations into Danish", "Bible translations into Icelandic", "Bible translations into Hungarian", "Bible translations into Romanian", "Bible translations into Romani", "Bible translations into Azerbaijani", "Bible translations into Sanskrit", "Bible translations into Turkish", "Bible translations into Persian", "Bible translations into Arabic", "Bible translations into Dutch", "Bible translations into Chinese", "Bible translations into Lithuanian", "Bible translations into Syriac", "Bible translations into Tibetan", "Bible translation into Korean", "Bible translations into Sorbian" ], "aliasCount": 153, "merged": 153, "knownIn": 43, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q86860", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q86860", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-12T01:55:17Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 2, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q86860", "registryId": "vr.tr.bible-translation", "name": "Bible translation", "version": "0.2.0-wave.2", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "INF.MED" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q86860/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.bible-translation", "name": "Bible translation", "purpose": "Let an agent explain Bible translation and its history, methods and major versions with attribution, support comparing translations, describe translation organisations and debates, and support scholarly and religious study respectfully.", "definition": "A rendering of the Bible or parts of it from its original Hebrew, Aramaic and Greek into another language, from ancient versions such as the Septuagint, Vulgate and Peshitta to translations into English, French, German, Polish and thousands of other languages, including ecumenical and community editions; Bible translation involves textual scholarship, linguistic choices between formal and dynamic equivalence, and confessional and cultural considerations, and is carried out by churches, societies and scholars.", "what_it_is_for": "Translations of the Bible.", "affordances": [ "explain history and methods", "support comparing versions", "describe organisations and debates", "support study" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Source texts", "Translation philosophy", "Confessional context", "Global scope" ], "appearance": "Not physical as a concept; printed and digital editions.", "visual_identification": [ "Bible rendered into another language", "Ancient to modern versions", "A paraphrase adapts freely; a commentary explains rather than translates" ], "physical_properties": [], "families_and_kinds": [ "ancient versions such as the Septuagint and Vulgate", "Reformation-era translations", "modern translations into major languages", "translations into minority and Indigenous languages", "ecumenical and community editions" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "edition of a translation", "why": "category" }, { "relation": "is related to", "target": "Christian Church", "why": "churches sponsoring translations" }, { "relation": "is related to", "target": "Armenian", "why": "a language with an early Bible translation" }, { "relation": "is related to", "target": "orthography", "why": "orthographies developed for translations" } ], "identifiers": [], "standards_and_regulation": [ "Textual criticism standards", "Copyright on modern translations", "Denominational approval processes" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Presenting one translation as authoritative for all", "Ignoring confessional differences", "Disrespectful presentation" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "understand", "name": "Understand", "description": "What Bible translation involves.", "rationale": "Scholarship.", "layers": [ { "id": "methods", "name": "Methods", "description": "Sources and methods.", "findings": [ { "id": "methods-finding", "name": "Methods", "description": "Methods.", "questions": [ { "text": "What source texts are used, and how do formal and dynamic equivalence approaches differ?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is the presentation attributed and neutral across confessions?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "versions", "name": "Versions", "description": "Major versions.", "findings": [ { "id": "versions-finding", "name": "Versions", "description": "Versions.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are the major translations into this language, such as English, French, German or Polish, and how do they differ?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits a specific translation?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "compare", "name": "Compare", "description": "Comparing translations.", "rationale": "Practice.", "layers": [ { "id": "choose", "name": "Choose", "description": "Choosing a translation.", "findings": [ { "id": "choose-finding", "name": "Choose", "description": "Choosing.", "questions": [ { "text": "How can a reader compare translations for purpose, readability and confessional approval?", "kind": "action" }, { "text": "Which entry fits a specific tradition?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "passages", "name": "Passages", "description": "Comparing passages.", "findings": [ { "id": "passages-finding", "name": "Passages", "description": "Passages.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do translations render this passage differently, and why, according to translators and scholars?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which references are standard?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "organisations", "name": "Organisations", "description": "Organisations and languages.", "rationale": "Context.", "layers": [ { "id": "societies", "name": "Societies", "description": "Bible societies and agencies.", "findings": [ { "id": "societies-finding", "name": "Societies", "description": "Societies.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which organisations translate the Bible, and how many languages have translations?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits a specific organisation?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "minority", "name": "Minority", "description": "Minority languages.", "findings": [ { "id": "minority-finding", "name": "Minority", "description": "Minority.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do translations into minority and Indigenous languages proceed, and what debates exist about their effects, with positions attributed?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is the presentation respectful of communities?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "learn", "name": "Learn", "description": "History and teaching.", "rationale": "Education.", "layers": [ { "id": "history", "name": "History", "description": "History of translation.", "findings": [ { "id": "history-finding", "name": "History", "description": "History.", "questions": [ { "text": "How did Bible translation develop from the Septuagint and Vulgate through the Reformation to modern versions?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits a specific historical version?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "teach", "name": "Teach", "description": "Teaching.", "findings": [ { "id": "teach-finding", "name": "Teach", "description": "Teaching.", "questions": [ { "text": "How can Bible translation be taught in religious studies and translation studies?", "kind": "action" }, { "text": "Which misconceptions arise?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should each major translation be a separate entry?", "How should translation databases be linked?", "How should debates be attributed?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "work, medium or creative form", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a Bible translation, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent explain Bible translation and its history, methods and major versions with attribution, support comparing translations, describe translation organisations and debates, and support scholarly and religious study respectfully.", "characteristics": { "substance": "information", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "read and interpreted", "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: Christian Community Bible, translation of the New Testament into Aramaic, Bible translation into English, Bible translations into French, Bible translation into German, Bible translations into Polish, Bible translation into Russian, Bible translations into Slovak, Bible translations into Serbian, Bible translations into Swedish, Bible translations into Czech, Bible translations into Slovene.", "153 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 43 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a Bible translation, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "content that has to be carried by something else", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "read it and act on what it says", "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "What is seen is a copy or a performance, not the work. Recognising the work means recognising the content through whatever is carrying it." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "Christian Community Bible", "translation of the New Testament into Aramaic", "Bible translation into English", "Bible translations into French", "Bible translation into German", "Bible translations into Polish", "Bible translation into Russian", "Bible translations into Slovak", "Bible translations into Serbian", "Bible translations into Swedish", "Bible translations into Czech", "Bible translations into Slovene" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 43 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 153 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one Bible translation from another, and a Bible translation from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a Bible translation, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a Bible translation, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a Bible translation is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a Bible translation, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a Bible translation, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a Bible translation is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a Bible translation sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a Bible translation, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a Bible translation, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a Bible translation is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a Bible translation from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a Bible translation, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a Bible translation, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a Bible translation is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a Bible translation passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a Bible translation between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a Bible translation, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a Bible translation, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a Bible translation is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a Bible translation, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a Bible translation is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a Bible translation, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a Bible translation, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a Bible translation is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "content-and-access", "name": "Content, encoding and access", "description": "What a Bible translation says, how it is encoded and who may read it.", "rationale": "An informational thing carries content that can be copied, versioned and withheld, none of which its physical carrier explains.", "layers": [ { "id": "content-and-encoding", "name": "Content and encoding", "description": "The content itself, its format and its language.", "findings": [ { "id": "content-and-format", "name": "Content, format and language", "description": "What a Bible translation contains and in what form it is held.", "questions": [ { "id": "content-and-format-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the content of a Bible translation, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "content-and-format-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the content of a Bible translation, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "content-and-format-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the content of a Bible translation is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "access-and-rights", "name": "Access, rights and retention", "description": "Who may read, copy or change it, and for how long it is kept.", "findings": [ { "id": "access-rules", "name": "Access rules and retention", "description": "The permissions attached to a Bible translation and the period it survives.", "questions": [ { "id": "access-rules-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes access to a Bible translation, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "access-rules-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about access to a Bible translation, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "access-rules-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once access to a Bible translation is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "work-and-manifestation", "name": "Work, version and copy", "description": "Which level of Bible translation a statement is about.", "rationale": "The work, the edition, the file and the copy in hand are four things; rights and content attach to different ones.", "layers": [ { "id": "levels", "name": "Levels of the thing", "description": "Work, expression, manifestation and item, in plain terms.", "findings": [ { "id": "level-rules", "name": "What belongs at each level", "description": "Which facts hold for the work and which only for one copy.", "questions": [ { "id": "level-rules-q01", "text": "For Bible translation, which facts belong to the work itself, which to a version, and which to a single copy?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "level-rules-q02", "text": "What identifier exists at each level, and which one is being cited?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "versions", "name": "Versions, editions and variants", "description": "How versions differ and which is canonical to whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "version-record", "name": "Versions and canonicity", "description": "Differences that matter and who calls one authoritative.", "questions": [ { "id": "version-record-q01", "text": "Which versions or editions of Bible translation exist, and how do they differ substantively?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "version-record-q02", "text": "Who treats which version as authoritative, and for what purpose?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "authorship-and-rights", "name": "Authorship, rights and permitted use", "description": "Who made Bible translation and what may be done with it.", "rationale": "Rights are jurisdictional, time-limited and attached to a level, and an agent that ignores that will copy what it may not.", "layers": [ { "id": "authorship", "name": "Authorship and contribution", "description": "Who contributed what, and in what capacity.", "findings": [ { "id": "contribution-record", "name": "Contributors and roles", "description": "The people and bodies behind it, with their roles.", "questions": [ { "id": "contribution-record-q01", "text": "Who authored or contributed to Bible translation, in what roles, and how is that attested?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "contribution-record-q02", "text": "Where authorship is disputed or anonymous, what is recorded instead?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "rights", "name": "Rights and permissions", "description": "Which rights subsist, where, until when, and what they permit.", "findings": [ { "id": "rights-record", "name": "Rights, term and permitted acts", "description": "The regime in force and what it allows.", "questions": [ { "id": "rights-record-q01", "text": "What rights subsist in Bible translation, in which jurisdictions, and until when?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "rights-record-q02", "text": "Which acts are permitted without further permission, and which must an agent refuse?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a Bible translation came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a Bible translation and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a Bible translation, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a Bible translation, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a Bible translation is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a Bible translation is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a Bible translation, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a Bible translation, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a Bible translation is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }