{ "model": { "rank": 11670, "code": "thing-q8737769", "model_id": "vr.tr.discharge", "name": "discharge", "purpose": "Let an agent explain river discharge, relay measurement methods, units, regimes and uses from hydrology sources, describe the named regimes and flag the unverified alias, route flood warnings, and distinguish discharge from stage or water level, flow velocity, runoff and electrical or medical discharge.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Cross-cutting context", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "XCT", "domain": "XCT.TME", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q8737769/", "tier": 2, "score": 41, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "Grussil", "river regime", "régime glaciaire", "rain river", "nival regime", "nivo-glacial regime", "mixed river" ], "aliasCount": 7, "merged": 7, "knownIn": 41, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": "vr.tr.discharge-process", "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q8737769", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8737769", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-14T01:27:58Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 4, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q8737769", "registryId": "vr.tr.discharge", "name": "discharge", "version": "0.2.0-wave.4", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "XCT.TME" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q8737769/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.discharge", "name": "discharge", "purpose": "Let an agent explain river discharge, relay measurement methods, units, regimes and uses from hydrology sources, describe the named regimes and flag the unverified alias, route flood warnings, and distinguish discharge from stage or water level, flow velocity, runoff and electrical or medical discharge.", "definition": "In hydrology, the volume of water flowing through a river or stream cross-section per unit time, usually in cubic metres per second, measured at gauging stations using stage-discharge relationships, current meters or acoustic Doppler profilers; related concepts the registry aliases name include the river regime, the seasonal pattern of discharge, classified as glacial, nival or snowmelt, nivo-glacial and pluvial or rain-fed regimes, while Grussil could not be verified. Discharge data inform flood forecasting, water supply and hydropower, and people should follow official flood warnings.", "what_it_is_for": "Quantifying river flow.", "affordances": [ "explain measurement", "relay regimes", "describe named regimes", "route flood warnings" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Volume per time", "Measured at gauges", "Seasonal regimes", "Flood relevance" ], "appearance": "Not a physical object; values from gauging stations and hydrographs.", "visual_identification": [ "Volume flow rate of a river", "Grussil, river regime, glacial regime, rain-fed river, nival regime, nivo-glacial regime", "Stage is water level; velocity is speed; runoff is water leaving land; electrical and medical discharge are other senses" ], "physical_properties": [ { "quantity": "SI unit", "typical_range": "m3/s", "unit": "unit", "note": "" }, { "quantity": "Amazon mean discharge", "typical_range": "about 200,000", "unit": "m3/s", "note": "estimates vary" }, { "quantity": "ISO 1100-2", "typical_range": "stage-discharge relation", "unit": "standard", "note": "" } ], "families_and_kinds": [ "glacial regimes", "nival regimes", "pluvial regimes", "mixed regimes" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "volume flow rate", "why": "in registry terms" }, { "relation": "is measured at", "target": "stream gauge", "why": "" }, { "relation": "is shown in", "target": "hydrograph", "why": "" }, { "relation": "is contrasted with", "target": "stage (hydrology)", "why": "" } ], "identifiers": [], "standards_and_regulation": [ "ISO 748 and ISO 1100 flow measurement standards", "WMO hydrological practice guides" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Ignoring flood warnings", "Rating curve errors in extreme floods", "Unverified aliases" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "understand", "name": "Understand", "description": "What discharge is.", "rationale": "Science.", "layers": [ { "id": "definition", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-finding", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is there a flood warning or rapidly rising water, in which case follow official instructions and move to higher ground?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "text": "What is river discharge, and how does it differ from stage, velocity, runoff and other senses of discharge?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "regimes", "name": "Regimes", "description": "Named regimes.", "findings": [ { "id": "regimes-finding", "name": "Regimes", "description": "Regimes.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are glacial, nival, nivo-glacial and pluvial regimes, and what might Grussil be?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the specific regime?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "measurement", "name": "Measurement", "description": "Measurement.", "rationale": "Regulation.", "layers": [ { "id": "rating", "name": "Rating curves", "description": "Stage-discharge.", "findings": [ { "id": "rating-finding", "name": "Rating curves", "description": "Rating curves.", "questions": [ { "text": "How are rating curves built from stage and flow measurements?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "text": "Which references are standard?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "adcp", "name": "ADCP", "description": "Acoustic Doppler methods.", "findings": [ { "id": "adcp-finding", "name": "ADCP", "description": "ADCP.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do acoustic Doppler profilers measure discharge?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "text": "Which sources are cited?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "regimes2", "name": "Hydrology", "description": "Hydrology.", "rationale": "Science.", "layers": [ { "id": "seasonal", "name": "Seasonal patterns", "description": "Seasonal patterns.", "findings": [ { "id": "seasonal-finding", "name": "Seasonal patterns", "description": "Seasonal patterns.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do snowmelt and rainfall shape seasonal flow?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits river regime?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "climate", "name": "Climate", "description": "Climate effects.", "findings": [ { "id": "climate-finding", "name": "Climate", "description": "Climate.", "questions": [ { "text": "What do studies report about glacier retreat changing river regimes, with findings attributed?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is the presentation neutral and attributed?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "context", "name": "Context", "description": "Uses.", "rationale": "Context.", "layers": [ { "id": "floods", "name": "Floods", "description": "Flood forecasting.", "findings": [ { "id": "floods-finding", "name": "Floods", "description": "Floods.", "questions": [ { "text": "How is discharge used in flood forecasting?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is the information current?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "water", "name": "Water resources", "description": "Water supply and hydropower.", "findings": [ { "id": "water-finding", "name": "Water resources", "description": "Water resources.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do planners use discharge records for supply and hydropower?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits hydropower?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "The registry alias Grussil could not be verified and should be reviewed", "Should river regime be a separate entry?", "How should national gauge data be linked?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a discharge, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent explain river discharge, relay measurement methods, units, regimes and uses from hydrology sources, describe the named regimes and flag the unverified alias, route flood warnings, and distinguish discharge from stage or water level, flow velocity, runoff and electrical or medical discharge.", "characteristics": { "substance": "abstract", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: Grussil, river regime, régime glaciaire, rain river, nival regime, nivo-glacial regime, mixed river.", "7 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 41 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a discharge, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "an abstraction with no physical instance", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "Grussil", "river regime", "régime glaciaire", "rain river", "nival regime", "nivo-glacial regime", "mixed river" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 41 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 7 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one discharge from another, and a discharge from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a discharge, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a discharge, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a discharge is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a discharge, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a discharge, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a discharge is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a discharge sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a discharge, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a discharge, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a discharge is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a discharge from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a discharge, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a discharge, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a discharge is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a discharge passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a discharge between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a discharge, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a discharge, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a discharge is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a discharge, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a discharge is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a discharge, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a discharge, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a discharge is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What discharge is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of discharge are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is discharge operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of discharge and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of discharge?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as discharge?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a discharge came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a discharge and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a discharge, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a discharge, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a discharge is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a discharge is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a discharge, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a discharge, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a discharge is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 5, "layers": 10, "findings": 12, "questions": 32 } } } }