{ "model": { "rank": 1076, "code": "thing-q8811", "model_id": "vr.tr.html", "name": "HTML", "purpose": "Let an agent explain HTML and its role, relay syntax, elements, forms and standards from web standards sources, describe practices such as semantic and dynamic HTML, and distinguish HTML from CSS, JavaScript, XML and rendering engines.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Information and virtual systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "INF", "domain": "INF.MED", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q8811/", "tier": 2, "score": 186, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "web form", "form field", "File select", "Semantic HTML", "Scholarly HTML", "Dynamic HTML", "C-HTML" ], "aliasCount": 7, "merged": 7, "knownIn": 186, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q8811", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8811", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-13T13:41:43Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 4, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q8811", "registryId": "vr.tr.html", "name": "HTML", "version": "0.2.0-wave.4", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "INF.MED" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q8811/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.html", "name": "HTML", "purpose": "Let an agent explain HTML and its role, relay syntax, elements, forms and standards from web standards sources, describe practices such as semantic and dynamic HTML, and distinguish HTML from CSS, JavaScript, XML and rendering engines.", "definition": "The standard markup language for documents designed to be displayed in a web browser, defining the structure of web pages with elements for text, links, images, forms and form fields such as file selection inputs, maintained as a living standard by the WHATWG, with practices such as semantic HTML that uses meaningful elements, scholarly HTML for research articles and dynamic HTML that combines HTML with scripting and styling; HTML works with CSS and JavaScript as the foundation of the web.", "what_it_is_for": "Structuring web documents.", "affordances": [ "explain the language", "relay elements and standards", "describe practices", "distinguish related technologies" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Document structure", "Browser rendering", "Living standard", "Web foundation" ], "appearance": "Not a visible object; text with angle-bracket tags.", "visual_identification": [ "Markup language of web pages", "Elements, web forms, form fields, file select inputs, semantic HTML, scholarly HTML, dynamic HTML", "CSS styles; JavaScript scripts; XML is a general markup framework; browsers render" ], "physical_properties": [ { "quantity": "first described", "typical_range": "1991", "unit": "year", "note": "Tim Berners-Lee" }, { "quantity": "HTML5 recommendation", "typical_range": "2014", "unit": "year", "note": "" }, { "quantity": "living standard", "typical_range": "WHATWG", "unit": "note", "note": "since 2019 sole standard" }, { "quantity": "elements", "typical_range": "over 100", "unit": "count", "note": "" } ], "families_and_kinds": [ "HTML versions from HTML 2.0 to HTML5 and the living standard", "XHTML as an XML serialisation", "semantic HTML practice", "HTML forms and input types including file select", "dynamic HTML with scripting", "specialised profiles such as scholarly HTML" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "markup language", "why": "in registry terms" }, { "relation": "is standardised by", "target": "WHATWG", "why": "as a living standard" }, { "relation": "works with", "target": "CSS", "why": "for presentation" }, { "relation": "is contrasted with", "target": "XML", "why": "a general markup framework" } ], "identifiers": [ { "scheme": "MIME type", "value_or_pattern": "text/html", "note": "" } ], "standards_and_regulation": [ "WHATWG HTML Living Standard", "W3C accessibility guidelines WCAG", "Browser interoperability specifications" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Invalid markup and browser inconsistencies", "Accessibility failures from non-semantic HTML", "Registry aliases naming forms and practices as if kinds of HTML" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "understand", "name": "Understand", "description": "What HTML is.", "rationale": "Science.", "layers": [ { "id": "definition", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-finding", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is HTML, and how does it differ from CSS, JavaScript, XML and the browser?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Is the question about the language, a feature, a practice or web development in general?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "features", "name": "Features", "description": "Elements and forms.", "findings": [ { "id": "features-finding", "name": "Features", "description": "Features.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are HTML elements, web forms, form fields and file select inputs?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the specific feature?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "standards", "name": "Standards", "description": "Standards.", "rationale": "Regulation.", "layers": [ { "id": "living", "name": "Living", "description": "Living standard.", "findings": [ { "id": "living-finding", "name": "Living", "description": "Living.", "questions": [ { "text": "How is the HTML Living Standard maintained, and how did W3C and WHATWG converge?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which references are standard?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "accessibility", "name": "Accessibility", "description": "Accessibility.", "findings": [ { "id": "accessibility-finding", "name": "Accessibility", "description": "Accessibility.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do semantic HTML and ARIA support accessibility under WCAG?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which sources are cited?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "practice", "name": "Practice", "description": "Practice.", "rationale": "Practice.", "layers": [ { "id": "writing", "name": "Writing", "description": "Writing HTML.", "findings": [ { "id": "writing-finding", "name": "Writing", "description": "Writing.", "questions": [ { "text": "How is well-structured, semantic HTML written and validated?", "kind": "action" }, { "text": "Which entry fits semantic HTML?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "dynamic", "name": "Dynamic", "description": "Dynamic and scholarly HTML.", "findings": [ { "id": "dynamic-finding", "name": "Dynamic", "description": "Dynamic.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are dynamic HTML and scholarly HTML, and how are they used?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits dynamic HTML?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "context", "name": "Context", "description": "History and ecosystem.", "rationale": "Context.", "layers": [ { "id": "history", "name": "History", "description": "History.", "findings": [ { "id": "history-finding", "name": "History", "description": "History.", "questions": [ { "text": "How did HTML develop from Berners-Lee s proposal through the browser wars to HTML5?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the history of the World Wide Web?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "ecosystem", "name": "Ecosystem", "description": "Ecosystem.", "findings": [ { "id": "ecosystem-finding", "name": "Ecosystem", "description": "Ecosystem.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do frameworks, templating and static site generators produce HTML?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits web development?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should web form and semantic HTML be separate primary entries?", "How should web standards sources be linked?", "The registry entry has merged aliases naming form controls and practices; should they be split off?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "work, medium or creative form", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a HTML, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent explain HTML and its role, relay syntax, elements, forms and standards from web standards sources, describe practices such as semantic and dynamic HTML, and distinguish HTML from CSS, JavaScript, XML and rendering engines.", "characteristics": { "substance": "information", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "read and interpreted", "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: web form, form field, File select, Semantic HTML, Scholarly HTML, Dynamic HTML, C-HTML.", "7 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 186 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a HTML, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "content that has to be carried by something else", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "read it and act on what it says", "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "What is seen is a copy or a performance, not the work. Recognising the work means recognising the content through whatever is carrying it." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "web form", "form field", "File select", "Semantic HTML", "Scholarly HTML", "Dynamic HTML", "C-HTML" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 186 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 7 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one HTML from another, and a HTML from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a HTML, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a HTML, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a HTML is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a HTML, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a HTML, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a HTML is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a HTML sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a HTML, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a HTML, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a HTML is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a HTML from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a HTML, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a HTML, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a HTML is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a HTML passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a HTML between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a HTML, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a HTML, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a HTML is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a HTML, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a HTML is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a HTML, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a HTML, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a HTML is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "content-and-access", "name": "Content, encoding and access", "description": "What a HTML says, how it is encoded and who may read it.", "rationale": "An informational thing carries content that can be copied, versioned and withheld, none of which its physical carrier explains.", "layers": [ { "id": "content-and-encoding", "name": "Content and encoding", "description": "The content itself, its format and its language.", "findings": [ { "id": "content-and-format", "name": "Content, format and language", "description": "What a HTML contains and in what form it is held.", "questions": [ { "id": "content-and-format-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the content of a HTML, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "content-and-format-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the content of a HTML, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "content-and-format-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the content of a HTML is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "access-and-rights", "name": "Access, rights and retention", "description": "Who may read, copy or change it, and for how long it is kept.", "findings": [ { "id": "access-rules", "name": "Access rules and retention", "description": "The permissions attached to a HTML and the period it survives.", "questions": [ { "id": "access-rules-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes access to a HTML, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "access-rules-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about access to a HTML, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "access-rules-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once access to a HTML is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "work-and-manifestation", "name": "Work, version and copy", "description": "Which level of HTML a statement is about.", "rationale": "The work, the edition, the file and the copy in hand are four things; rights and content attach to different ones.", "layers": [ { "id": "levels", "name": "Levels of the thing", "description": "Work, expression, manifestation and item, in plain terms.", "findings": [ { "id": "level-rules", "name": "What belongs at each level", "description": "Which facts hold for the work and which only for one copy.", "questions": [ { "id": "level-rules-q01", "text": "For HTML, which facts belong to the work itself, which to a version, and which to a single copy?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "level-rules-q02", "text": "What identifier exists at each level, and which one is being cited?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "versions", "name": "Versions, editions and variants", "description": "How versions differ and which is canonical to whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "version-record", "name": "Versions and canonicity", "description": "Differences that matter and who calls one authoritative.", "questions": [ { "id": "version-record-q01", "text": "Which versions or editions of HTML exist, and how do they differ substantively?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "version-record-q02", "text": "Who treats which version as authoritative, and for what purpose?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "authorship-and-rights", "name": "Authorship, rights and permitted use", "description": "Who made HTML and what may be done with it.", "rationale": "Rights are jurisdictional, time-limited and attached to a level, and an agent that ignores that will copy what it may not.", "layers": [ { "id": "authorship", "name": "Authorship and contribution", "description": "Who contributed what, and in what capacity.", "findings": [ { "id": "contribution-record", "name": "Contributors and roles", "description": "The people and bodies behind it, with their roles.", "questions": [ { "id": "contribution-record-q01", "text": "Who authored or contributed to HTML, in what roles, and how is that attested?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "contribution-record-q02", "text": "Where authorship is disputed or anonymous, what is recorded instead?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "rights", "name": "Rights and permissions", "description": "Which rights subsist, where, until when, and what they permit.", "findings": [ { "id": "rights-record", "name": "Rights, term and permitted acts", "description": "The regime in force and what it allows.", "questions": [ { "id": "rights-record-q01", "text": "What rights subsist in HTML, in which jurisdictions, and until when?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "rights-record-q02", "text": "Which acts are permitted without further permission, and which must an agent refuse?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a HTML came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a HTML and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a HTML, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a HTML, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a HTML is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a HTML is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a HTML, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a HTML, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a HTML is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }