{ "model": { "rank": 6913, "code": "thing-q900406", "model_id": "vr.tr.reform", "name": "reform", "purpose": "Let an agent handle reforms by domain, goals, process, actors and outcomes, neutrally and with sourced evaluation.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Activities and processes", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "ACT", "domain": "ACT.PRC", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q900406/", "tier": 2, "score": 58, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "abolition of war", "abolition of slavery", "law reform", "End of slavery in France", "end of slavery in Spain", "Compensated emancipation", "pension reform", "welfare reform", "bail reform", "immigration reform", "housing reform", "language reform", "simplification of Chinese characters", "spelling reform", "reforms of Russian orthography", "feminist language reform", "proposed reform in Esperanto", "Chinese character rationalization", "reforms of French orthography", "reforms of Portuguese orthography", "Vietnamese-language spelling reform", "English-language spelling reform", "Simplified Tamil script", "Standardisation of Tamil script", "gender reform in Esperanto", "government reorganization", "administrative reform in Ukraine", "constitutional reform", "Colonization of the South Ural", "cultural reform", "tax reform in Belgium", "postwar reform in Japan", "structural reform", "police reform", "church reform", "institutional reform", "calendar reform", "social reform", "higher education reform", "United Nations reform" ], "aliasCount": 65, "merged": 65, "knownIn": 58, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q900406", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900406", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-11T07:15:41Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 1, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q900406", "registryId": "vr.tr.reform", "name": "reform", "version": "0.2.0-wave.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "ACT.PRC" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q900406/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.reform", "name": "reform", "purpose": "Let an agent handle reforms by domain, goals, process, actors and outcomes, neutrally and with sourced evaluation.", "definition": "A deliberate change intended to improve an institution, law, practice or system, such as law reform, electoral reform, or historical reforms like the abolition of slavery.", "what_it_is_for": "Improving institutions and correcting injustices.", "affordances": [ "propose and design a reform", "consult stakeholders", "implement and monitor it", "evaluate outcomes" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Deliberate improvement", "Gradual rather than revolutionary", "Needs a process and actors", "Outcomes need evaluation" ], "appearance": "Laws, policies, programmes and institutional changes.", "visual_identification": [ "Named reforms with dates", "Domains such as law, education or health", "Revolution implies more sudden change" ], "physical_properties": [], "families_and_kinds": [ "law reform", "electoral and constitutional reform", "economic and fiscal reform", "social reform such as abolition of slavery", "administrative reform" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "social process", "why": "category" }, { "relation": "changes", "target": "law and institution", "why": "object" }, { "relation": "is contrasted with", "target": "revolution", "why": "rapid change" }, { "relation": "is evaluated by", "target": "policy evaluation", "why": "method" } ], "identifiers": [], "standards_and_regulation": [ "Consultation requirements for law-making", "Regulatory impact assessment guidelines" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Unintended consequences", "Partisan framing of outcomes", "Reforms announced but not implemented" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "scope", "name": "Scope", "description": "Which reform.", "rationale": "Scope defines the reform.", "layers": [ { "id": "domain", "name": "Domain", "description": "Law, economy.", "findings": [ { "id": "domain-finding", "name": "Domain", "description": "Domain.", "questions": [ { "text": "What domain does the reform address?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "What problem does it aim to fix?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "instrument", "name": "Instrument", "description": "Law or policy.", "findings": [ { "id": "instrument-finding", "name": "Instrument", "description": "Instrument.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which law or policy enacts it?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "When did it take effect?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "process", "name": "Process", "description": "How it happened.", "rationale": "Process affects legitimacy.", "layers": [ { "id": "actors", "name": "Actors", "description": "Who drove it.", "findings": [ { "id": "actors-finding", "name": "Actors", "description": "Actors.", "questions": [ { "text": "Who proposed and supported it?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Who opposed it?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consultation", "name": "Consultation", "description": "Participation.", "findings": [ { "id": "consultation-finding", "name": "Consultation", "description": "Consultation.", "questions": [ { "text": "Were affected groups consulted?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "How?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "outcomes", "name": "Outcomes", "description": "Results.", "rationale": "Outcomes need evaluation.", "layers": [ { "id": "evaluation", "name": "Evaluation", "description": "Evidence.", "findings": [ { "id": "evaluation-finding", "name": "Evaluation", "description": "Evaluation.", "questions": [ { "text": "What did evaluations find?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "How strong is the evidence?", "kind": "measurement" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequences", "name": "Consequences", "description": "Side effects.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequences-finding", "name": "Consequences", "description": "Unintended effects.", "questions": [ { "text": "Were there unintended consequences?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "text": "Who was affected?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "neutrality", "name": "Neutrality", "description": "Balance.", "rationale": "Reforms are contested.", "layers": [ { "id": "balance", "name": "Balance", "description": "Views.", "findings": [ { "id": "balance-finding", "name": "Balance", "description": "Balanced account.", "questions": [ { "text": "Are supporters and critics presented fairly?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "text": "Are claims attributed?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "history", "name": "History", "description": "Context.", "findings": [ { "id": "history-finding", "name": "History", "description": "Historical context.", "questions": [ { "text": "What historical context shaped the reform?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which historians discuss it?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should reform domains be separate entries?", "How should named reforms be linked?", "How should evaluations be recorded?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a reform, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent handle reforms by domain, goals, process, actors and outcomes, neutrally and with sourced evaluation.", "characteristics": { "substance": "activity", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: abolition of war, abolition of slavery, law reform, End of slavery in France, end of slavery in Spain, Compensated emancipation, pension reform, welfare reform, bail reform, immigration reform, housing reform, language reform.", "65 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 58 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a reform, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "something that happens over time", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "abolition of war", "abolition of slavery", "law reform", "End of slavery in France", "end of slavery in Spain", "Compensated emancipation", "pension reform", "welfare reform", "bail reform", "immigration reform", "housing reform", "language reform" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 58 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 65 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one reform from another, and a reform from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a reform, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a reform, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a reform is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a reform, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a reform, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a reform is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a reform sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a reform, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a reform, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a reform is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a reform from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a reform, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a reform, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a reform is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a reform passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a reform between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a reform, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a reform, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a reform is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a reform, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a reform is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a reform, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a reform, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a reform is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "process-and-outcome", "name": "Process, inputs and outcome", "description": "How a reform proceeds, what it needs and what it leaves behind.", "rationale": "An activity is known by its steps and its results, and both have to be recordable while it is still running.", "layers": [ { "id": "steps-and-sequence", "name": "Steps and sequence", "description": "The steps of a reform, their order and what may run in parallel.", "findings": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions", "name": "Steps, preconditions and completion", "description": "What has to be true before each step of a reform and what marks it done.", "questions": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a step of a reform, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a step of a reform, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a step of a reform is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-results", "name": "Inputs, resources and results", "description": "What a reform consumes and what it produces.", "findings": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs", "name": "Inputs, outputs and side effects", "description": "The resources a reform takes and the results it leaves, wanted or not.", "questions": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the inputs and results of a reform, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the inputs and results of a reform, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the inputs and results of a reform is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What reform is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of reform are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is reform operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of reform and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of reform?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as reform?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a reform came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a reform and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a reform, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a reform, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a reform is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a reform is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a reform, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a reform, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a reform is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }