{ "model": { "rank": 504, "code": "thing-q9027", "model_id": "vr.tr.swedish", "name": "Swedish", "purpose": "Let an agent describe the Swedish language, its varieties and status, support learning and translation, and provide linguistic and historical information with sources.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Information and virtual systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "INF", "domain": "INF.MED", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q9027/", "tier": 2, "score": 253, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "Swedish language in the United States", "Swedish language in Sweden", "Gammalsvenska", "Göteborgska", "Halländska", "Högsvenska", "Svealand Swedish", "South Swedish", "Västgötska", "Eastern Swedish", "Gotlandic", "Gutnish", "e-mål", "Standard Swedish", "Värmländska", "Götamål dialect", "Rinkeby Swedish", "Stockholmska dialect", "Swedish as a second or foreign language", "Gnällbältet", "Kiruna dialect", "Norrland Swedish", "Småländska", "Westrobothnian", "östgötska", "Uppländska dialect", "Blekingska", "Faroymal", "Mainland Gutnish", "Medelpadska", "Pitemål", "Luleå dialects" ], "aliasCount": 32, "merged": 32, "knownIn": 253, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q9027", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9027", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-11T21:32:35Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 2, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q9027", "registryId": "vr.tr.swedish", "name": "Swedish", "version": "0.2.0-wave.2", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "INF.MED" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q9027/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.swedish", "name": "Swedish", "purpose": "Let an agent describe the Swedish language, its varieties and status, support learning and translation, and provide linguistic and historical information with sources.", "definition": "A North Germanic language of the East Scandinavian branch spoken by about ten million people, the national language of Sweden and one of the official languages of Finland, with a standard variety and regional dialects such as Gotebergska and Hallandska, historical forms such as Old Swedish, and diaspora varieties; Swedish is mutually intelligible to a degree with Norwegian and Danish and is regulated by language councils.", "what_it_is_for": "A national and regional language of the Nordic countries.", "affordances": [ "describe the language and its varieties", "support learning and translation", "explain status and regulation", "provide history with sources" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "East Scandinavian", "Pitch accent", "Standardised", "Official in Sweden and Finland" ], "appearance": "Not physical; spoken and written language using the Latin alphabet with three extra letters.", "visual_identification": [ "North Germanic language", "Latin alphabet with a-ring, a-umlaut and o-umlaut", "Norwegian and Danish are closely related but distinct" ], "physical_properties": [], "families_and_kinds": [ "Standard Swedish", "regional dialects", "Finland Swedish", "historical Swedish", "Swedish in diaspora communities" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "East Scandinavian", "why": "category" }, { "relation": "is related to", "target": "Norwegian", "why": "related language" }, { "relation": "is related to", "target": "Danish", "why": "related language" }, { "relation": "uses", "target": "alphabet", "why": "Latin-based alphabet" } ], "identifiers": [ { "scheme": "ISO 639-1", "value_or_pattern": "sv", "note": "language code" }, { "scheme": "ISO 639-3", "value_or_pattern": "swe", "note": "language code" } ], "standards_and_regulation": [ "Swedish language law of 2009", "Language council recommendations", "Finnish language legislation" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Confusing with Norwegian or Danish", "Machine translation errors with idioms", "Overgeneralising dialects" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "learn", "name": "Learn", "description": "Learning Swedish.", "rationale": "Practice.", "layers": [ { "id": "start", "name": "Start", "description": "Getting started.", "findings": [ { "id": "start-finding", "name": "Start", "description": "Getting started.", "questions": [ { "text": "How can someone start learning Swedish, and which resources and courses exist?", "kind": "action" }, { "text": "What are its main grammatical features?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "pronounce", "name": "Pronounce", "description": "Pronunciation.", "findings": [ { "id": "pronounce-finding", "name": "Pronounce", "description": "Pronunciation.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do Swedish vowels, pitch accent and the sj-sound work?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "How does Finland Swedish differ?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "use", "name": "Use", "description": "Translation and usage.", "rationale": "Application.", "layers": [ { "id": "translate", "name": "Translate", "description": "Translation.", "findings": [ { "id": "translate-finding", "name": "Translate", "description": "Translation.", "questions": [ { "text": "How should this text be translated into or from Swedish, with attention to register and idiom?", "kind": "action" }, { "text": "Which dictionaries are authoritative?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "varieties", "name": "Varieties", "description": "Dialects and varieties.", "findings": [ { "id": "varieties-finding", "name": "Varieties", "description": "Varieties.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are the main dialects of Swedish, such as Gotebergska or Hallandska, and how do they differ?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits a specific variety?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "status", "name": "Status", "description": "Status and policy.", "rationale": "Regulation.", "layers": [ { "id": "official", "name": "Official", "description": "Official status.", "findings": [ { "id": "official-finding", "name": "Official", "description": "Status.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is the legal status of Swedish in Sweden, Finland and the EU?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "How are language rights of Swedish speakers in Finland protected?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "council", "name": "Council", "description": "Language planning.", "findings": [ { "id": "council-finding", "name": "Council", "description": "Language planning.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which bodies regulate and advise on Swedish usage, and what do they recommend?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "How are new words handled?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "history", "name": "History", "description": "History and relations.", "rationale": "Context.", "layers": [ { "id": "history", "name": "History", "description": "History of Swedish.", "findings": [ { "id": "history-finding", "name": "History", "description": "History.", "questions": [ { "text": "How did Swedish develop from Old Norse through Old Swedish to the modern standard?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which texts are landmarks?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "relations", "name": "Relations", "description": "Nordic intelligibility.", "findings": [ { "id": "relations-finding", "name": "Relations", "description": "Relations.", "questions": [ { "text": "How mutually intelligible are Swedish, Norwegian and Danish, according to research?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "How is Swedish used abroad?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should dialects be separate entries?", "How should dictionaries be linked?", "How should learning resources be linked?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "work, medium or creative form", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a Swedish, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent describe the Swedish language, its varieties and status, support learning and translation, and provide linguistic and historical information with sources.", "characteristics": { "substance": "information", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "read and interpreted", "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: Swedish language in the United States, Swedish language in Sweden, Gammalsvenska, Göteborgska, Halländska, Högsvenska, Svealand Swedish, South Swedish, Västgötska, Eastern Swedish, Gotlandic, Gutnish.", "32 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 253 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a Swedish, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "content that has to be carried by something else", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "read it and act on what it says", "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "What is seen is a copy or a performance, not the work. Recognising the work means recognising the content through whatever is carrying it." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "Swedish language in the United States", "Swedish language in Sweden", "Gammalsvenska", "Göteborgska", "Halländska", "Högsvenska", "Svealand Swedish", "South Swedish", "Västgötska", "Eastern Swedish", "Gotlandic", "Gutnish" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 253 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 32 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one Swedish from another, and a Swedish from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a Swedish, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a Swedish, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a Swedish is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a Swedish, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a Swedish, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a Swedish is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a Swedish sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a Swedish, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a Swedish, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a Swedish is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a Swedish from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a Swedish, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a Swedish, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a Swedish is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a Swedish passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a Swedish between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a Swedish, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a Swedish, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a Swedish is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a Swedish, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a Swedish is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a Swedish, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a Swedish, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a Swedish is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "content-and-access", "name": "Content, encoding and access", "description": "What a Swedish says, how it is encoded and who may read it.", "rationale": "An informational thing carries content that can be copied, versioned and withheld, none of which its physical carrier explains.", "layers": [ { "id": "content-and-encoding", "name": "Content and encoding", "description": "The content itself, its format and its language.", "findings": [ { "id": "content-and-format", "name": "Content, format and language", "description": "What a Swedish contains and in what form it is held.", "questions": [ { "id": "content-and-format-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the content of a Swedish, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "content-and-format-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the content of a Swedish, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "content-and-format-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the content of a Swedish is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "access-and-rights", "name": "Access, rights and retention", "description": "Who may read, copy or change it, and for how long it is kept.", "findings": [ { "id": "access-rules", "name": "Access rules and retention", "description": "The permissions attached to a Swedish and the period it survives.", "questions": [ { "id": "access-rules-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes access to a Swedish, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "access-rules-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about access to a Swedish, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "access-rules-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once access to a Swedish is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "work-and-manifestation", "name": "Work, version and copy", "description": "Which level of Swedish a statement is about.", "rationale": "The work, the edition, the file and the copy in hand are four things; rights and content attach to different ones.", "layers": [ { "id": "levels", "name": "Levels of the thing", "description": "Work, expression, manifestation and item, in plain terms.", "findings": [ { "id": "level-rules", "name": "What belongs at each level", "description": "Which facts hold for the work and which only for one copy.", "questions": [ { "id": "level-rules-q01", "text": "For Swedish, which facts belong to the work itself, which to a version, and which to a single copy?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "level-rules-q02", "text": "What identifier exists at each level, and which one is being cited?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "versions", "name": "Versions, editions and variants", "description": "How versions differ and which is canonical to whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "version-record", "name": "Versions and canonicity", "description": "Differences that matter and who calls one authoritative.", "questions": [ { "id": "version-record-q01", "text": "Which versions or editions of Swedish exist, and how do they differ substantively?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "version-record-q02", "text": "Who treats which version as authoritative, and for what purpose?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "authorship-and-rights", "name": "Authorship, rights and permitted use", "description": "Who made Swedish and what may be done with it.", "rationale": "Rights are jurisdictional, time-limited and attached to a level, and an agent that ignores that will copy what it may not.", "layers": [ { "id": "authorship", "name": "Authorship and contribution", "description": "Who contributed what, and in what capacity.", "findings": [ { "id": "contribution-record", "name": "Contributors and roles", "description": "The people and bodies behind it, with their roles.", "questions": [ { "id": "contribution-record-q01", "text": "Who authored or contributed to Swedish, in what roles, and how is that attested?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "contribution-record-q02", "text": "Where authorship is disputed or anonymous, what is recorded instead?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "rights", "name": "Rights and permissions", "description": "Which rights subsist, where, until when, and what they permit.", "findings": [ { "id": "rights-record", "name": "Rights, term and permitted acts", "description": "The regime in force and what it allows.", "questions": [ { "id": "rights-record-q01", "text": "What rights subsist in Swedish, in which jurisdictions, and until when?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "rights-record-q02", "text": "Which acts are permitted without further permission, and which must an agent refuse?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a Swedish came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a Swedish and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a Swedish, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a Swedish, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a Swedish is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a Swedish is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a Swedish, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a Swedish, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a Swedish is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }