{ "model": { "rank": 15162, "code": "thing-q906492", "model_id": "vr.tr.dystonia", "name": "dystonia", "purpose": "Let an agent explain dystonia and its main forms in general terms, relay diagnosis, treatment and support information from neurological and patient organisations, distinguish it from other movement disorders, and route personal questions to clinicians.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Cross-cutting context", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "XCT", "domain": "XCT.STA", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q906492/", "tier": 2, "score": 34, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "torticollis", "nocturnal paroxysmal dystonia", "KISS syndrome", "Grisel's syndrome", "congenital torticollis", "benign paroxysmal torticollis", "pleurothotonus", "fibromatosis colli", "dystonia 12", "X-linked dystonia-parkinsonism", "infantile parkinsonism-dystonia", "Parkinsonism-dystonia 3, childhood-onset", "dopamine-responsive dystonia", "dystonia 5", "episodic kinesigenic dyskinesia 1", "myoclonic dystonia 26", "dystonia 23", "dystonia 24", "myoclonic dystonia 11", "myoclonic dystonia 15", "torsion dystonia 7", "dystonia 9", "paroxysmal nonkinesigenic dyskinesia 1", "episodic kinesigenic dyskinesia 2", "childhood onset GLUT1 deficiency syndrome 2", "myoclonic dystonia", "oromandibular dystonia", "focal dystonia", "acute dystonia", "generalized dystonia", "multifocal dystonia", "segmental dystonia", "paroxysmal nonkinesigenic dyskinesia 2", "childhood dystonia", "focal, segmental or multifocal dystonia", "generalized isolated dystonia", "Status dystonicus", "musician's dystonia", "cranio-facial dystonia", "oculogyric crisis" ], "aliasCount": 41, "merged": 41, "knownIn": 34, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q906492", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q906492", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-12T19:44:28Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 3, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q906492", "registryId": "vr.tr.dystonia", "name": "dystonia", "version": "0.2.0-wave.3", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "XCT.STA" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q906492/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.dystonia", "name": "dystonia", "purpose": "Let an agent explain dystonia and its main forms in general terms, relay diagnosis, treatment and support information from neurological and patient organisations, distinguish it from other movement disorders, and route personal questions to clinicians.", "definition": "A movement disorder in which sustained or intermittent involuntary muscle contractions cause twisting, repetitive movements or abnormal postures, affecting one body part, several or the whole body; causes include genetic forms, brain injury, medications and unknown factors, and management includes medicines, botulinum toxin injections and deep brain stimulation.", "what_it_is_for": "Not applicable; a disorder.", "affordances": [ "explain forms and causes in general terms", "relay treatment options from guidelines", "distinguish from tremor, spasticity and tics", "route personal questions to clinicians" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Patterned, twisting movements and postures", "Focal, segmental, multifocal or generalised distribution", "Genetic, acquired and idiopathic causes", "Sensory tricks that ease the posture" ], "appearance": "Not visible as an object; seen as twisting movements or sustained abnormal postures, such as a turned neck in cervical dystonia.", "visual_identification": [ "Sustained or repetitive involuntary contractions producing postures", "Often worsened by voluntary action and eased by sensory tricks", "Tremor, tics, spasticity and chorea are other movement disorders" ], "physical_properties": [ { "quantity": "prevalence", "typical_range": "tens per 100000", "unit": "people", "note": "estimates vary by form and study" } ], "families_and_kinds": [ "cervical dystonia or torticollis", "blepharospasm and other focal dystonias", "task-specific dystonias such as writer cramp and musician dystonia", "generalised and genetic dystonias", "drug-induced and acquired dystonias", "paroxysmal dystonias" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "movement disorder", "why": "the category" }, { "relation": "is confused with", "target": "tremor", "why": "a different movement disorder" }, { "relation": "is treated by", "target": "botulinum toxin", "why": "a main treatment for focal forms" }, { "relation": "is studied by", "target": "neurology", "why": "the specialty" } ], "identifiers": [ { "scheme": "ICD-10", "value_or_pattern": "G24", "note": "" }, { "scheme": "ICD-11", "value_or_pattern": "8A02", "note": "" }, { "scheme": "DYT gene loci", "value_or_pattern": "DYT1 and others", "note": "genetic forms" } ], "standards_and_regulation": [ "Neurological society guidelines on classification and treatment", "Rare disease frameworks for genetic forms", "Medicines regulation for botulinum toxin products" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Misdiagnosis as psychological or as another disorder", "Pain, disability and social impact", "Side effects of treatments", "Agents giving personal medical advice" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "understand", "name": "Understand", "description": "What dystonia is.", "rationale": "General information.", "layers": [ { "id": "definition", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition and forms.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-finding", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is dystonia, and how are its forms classified by distribution, age and cause?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Is the user asking about their own symptoms, which needs a clinician?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguish", "name": "Distinguish", "description": "Other disorders.", "findings": [ { "id": "distinguish-finding", "name": "Distinguish", "description": "Distinguish.", "questions": [ { "text": "How is dystonia distinguished from tremor, tics, spasticity and chorea?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Which entry fits another movement disorder?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "diagnose", "name": "Diagnose", "description": "Assessment.", "rationale": "Assessment is clinical.", "layers": [ { "id": "assessment", "name": "Assessment", "description": "Clinical assessment.", "findings": [ { "id": "assessment-finding", "name": "Assessment", "description": "Assessment.", "questions": [ { "text": "How is dystonia assessed and which investigations are used, in general terms?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits genetic testing?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "measurement", "name": "Measurement", "description": "Rating scales.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurement-finding", "name": "Measurement", "description": "Measurement.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which rating scales measure severity and impact?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "text": "Which references define them?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "treat", "name": "Treat", "description": "Treatment and support.", "rationale": "Care.", "layers": [ { "id": "treatment", "name": "Treatment", "description": "Treatment options.", "findings": [ { "id": "treatment-finding", "name": "Treatment", "description": "Treatment.", "questions": [ { "text": "What treatments do guidelines describe, from medicines to injections and surgery?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is the presentation free of personal treatment advice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "support", "name": "Support", "description": "Living with dystonia.", "findings": [ { "id": "support-finding", "name": "Support", "description": "Support.", "questions": [ { "text": "What support, therapy and patient organisations exist?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits disability support?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "study", "name": "Study", "description": "Causes and research.", "rationale": "Research.", "layers": [ { "id": "causes", "name": "Causes", "description": "Mechanisms.", "findings": [ { "id": "causes-finding", "name": "Causes", "description": "Causes.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is known about genetic and brain network causes, with findings attributed?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which references are standard?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "research", "name": "Research", "description": "Research.", "findings": [ { "id": "research-finding", "name": "Research", "description": "Research.", "questions": [ { "text": "What research and trials are under way?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "How is dystonia taught to clinicians?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should each form be a separate entry?", "How should guidelines and patient organisations be linked?", "The registry entry has merged aliases for infant conditions that are not dystonia; should they be split off?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a dystonia, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent explain dystonia and its main forms in general terms, relay diagnosis, treatment and support information from neurological and patient organisations, distinguish it from other movement disorders, and route personal questions to clinicians.", "characteristics": { "substance": "abstract", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: torticollis, nocturnal paroxysmal dystonia, KISS syndrome, Grisel's syndrome, congenital torticollis, benign paroxysmal torticollis, pleurothotonus, fibromatosis colli, dystonia 12, X-linked dystonia-parkinsonism, infantile parkinsonism-dystonia, Parkinsonism-dystonia 3, childhood-onset.", "41 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 34 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a dystonia, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "an abstraction with no physical instance", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "torticollis", "nocturnal paroxysmal dystonia", "KISS syndrome", "Grisel's syndrome", "congenital torticollis", "benign paroxysmal torticollis", "pleurothotonus", "fibromatosis colli", "dystonia 12", "X-linked dystonia-parkinsonism", "infantile parkinsonism-dystonia", "Parkinsonism-dystonia 3, childhood-onset" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 34 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 41 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one dystonia from another, and a dystonia from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a dystonia, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a dystonia, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a dystonia is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a dystonia, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a dystonia, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a dystonia is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a dystonia sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a dystonia, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a dystonia, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a dystonia is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a dystonia from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a dystonia, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a dystonia, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a dystonia is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a dystonia passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a dystonia between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a dystonia, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a dystonia, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a dystonia is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a dystonia, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a dystonia is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a dystonia, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a dystonia, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a dystonia is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What dystonia is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of dystonia are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is dystonia operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of dystonia and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of dystonia?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as dystonia?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a dystonia came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a dystonia and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a dystonia, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a dystonia, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a dystonia is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a dystonia is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a dystonia, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a dystonia, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a dystonia is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 5, "layers": 10, "findings": 12, "questions": 32 } } } }