{
    "model": {
        "rank": 1229,
        "code": "thing-q9252",
        "model_id": "vr.tr.kazakh",
        "name": "Kazakh",
        "purpose": "Let an agent explain the Kazakh language, its dialects and scripts, relay grammar and history from linguistic sources, describe its status and the Latin script transition with attribution, and distinguish Kazakh from Kyrgyz, Karakalpak and other Kipchak languages.",
        "family": "Thing Registry",
        "category": "Information and virtual systems",
        "status": "research-draft",
        "kind": "thing",
        "plane": "INF",
        "domain": "INF.MED",
        "industry": "",
        "version": "",
        "url": "/models/thing/q9252/",
        "tier": 2,
        "score": 166,
        "payload": {
            "layer": "wikidata",
            "aliases": [
                "Qoqmončaq",
                "Standard Kazakh",
                "Western Kazakh",
                "Northeastern Kazakh",
                "Southern Kazakh",
                "Kazakh in Arabic script",
                "Kazakh in Cyrillic script",
                "Kazakh in Latin script",
                "Kazakh in China",
                "Kazakh in Kazakhstan",
                "Kazakh in Turkey"
            ],
            "aliasCount": 11,
            "merged": 11,
            "knownIn": 166,
            "facets": null,
            "markers": [],
            "lexicalClass": "",
            "senseRank": null,
            "alsoRegisteredAs": null,
            "source": {
                "dataset": "wikidata",
                "item": "Q9252",
                "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9252",
                "license": "CC0 1.0"
            }
        },
        "research": {
            "vercy": "1.0-draft",
            "publication": {
                "status": "research-draft",
                "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed",
                "publishableCanonical": false,
                "generatedAt": "2026-09-13T04:49:08Z",
                "providers": [
                    "Claude"
                ],
                "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify",
                "pass": 2,
                "wave": 3,
                "engine": "claude"
            },
            "metaModel": {
                "id": "THING-Q9252",
                "registryId": "vr.tr.kazakh",
                "name": "Kazakh",
                "version": "0.2.0-wave.3",
                "entryKind": "thing",
                "family": "Thing Registry",
                "domain": [
                    "INF.MED"
                ],
                "status": "research-draft"
            },
            "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q9252/",
            "model": {
                "registry_id": "vr.tr.kazakh",
                "name": "Kazakh",
                "purpose": "Let an agent explain the Kazakh language, its dialects and scripts, relay grammar and history from linguistic sources, describe its status and the Latin script transition with attribution, and distinguish Kazakh from Kyrgyz, Karakalpak and other Kipchak languages.",
                "definition": "A Turkic language of the Kipchak branch spoken by about 13 million people, the state language of Kazakhstan and spoken by Kazakh communities in China, Mongolia, Russia and Uzbekistan, with dialects usually grouped as Western, Northeastern and Southern and a standard based on the northeastern dialect; Kazakh has been written in Arabic script, still used in China, in Latin script briefly in the 1930s, in Cyrillic since 1940, and is undergoing a transition to a new Latin alphabet in Kazakhstan.",
                "what_it_is_for": "Not applicable; a language.",
                "affordances": [
                    "explain dialects and scripts",
                    "relay grammar and history",
                    "describe status",
                    "distinguish from related languages"
                ],
                "distinguishing_features": [
                    "Kipchak-Nogai group",
                    "Vowel harmony",
                    "Multiple scripts",
                    "State language"
                ],
                "appearance": "Not a visible object; speech and text in Cyrillic, Latin or Arabic script.",
                "visual_identification": [
                    "Kipchak Turkic language of Kazakhstan",
                    "Standard Kazakh, Western, Northeastern and Southern dialects, Kazakh in Arabic script",
                    "Kyrgyz and Karakalpak are close relatives; Kazakh is not related to Russian"
                ],
                "physical_properties": [
                    {
                        "quantity": "speakers",
                        "typical_range": "about 13",
                        "unit": "million",
                        "note": "estimates"
                    },
                    {
                        "quantity": "Cyrillic adopted",
                        "typical_range": "1940",
                        "unit": "year",
                        "note": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "quantity": "Latin transition announced",
                        "typical_range": "2017",
                        "unit": "year",
                        "note": "revised alphabet 2021"
                    }
                ],
                "families_and_kinds": [
                    "Standard Kazakh",
                    "Western Kazakh dialect",
                    "Northeastern Kazakh dialect",
                    "Southern Kazakh dialect",
                    "Kazakh in Arabic script in China",
                    "Kazakh in Cyrillic and Latin scripts"
                ],
                "related_models": [
                    {
                        "relation": "is a kind of",
                        "target": "Kipchak-Nogai languages",
                        "why": "in registry terms"
                    },
                    {
                        "relation": "belongs to",
                        "target": "Turkic languages",
                        "why": "Kipchak branch"
                    },
                    {
                        "relation": "is the state language of",
                        "target": "Kazakhstan",
                        "why": "alongside official Russian"
                    },
                    {
                        "relation": "is closely related to",
                        "target": "Kyrgyz language",
                        "why": "and Karakalpak"
                    }
                ],
                "identifiers": [
                    {
                        "scheme": "ISO 639-1",
                        "value_or_pattern": "kk",
                        "note": "Kazakh"
                    },
                    {
                        "scheme": "ISO 639-3",
                        "value_or_pattern": "kaz",
                        "note": "Kazakh"
                    },
                    {
                        "scheme": "Glottolog",
                        "value_or_pattern": "kaza1248",
                        "note": "Kazakh"
                    }
                ],
                "standards_and_regulation": [
                    "Kazakhstan language law and Latin alphabet decrees",
                    "ISO 639 codes",
                    "Terminology commissions"
                ],
                "failure_modes_and_hazards": [
                    "Confusing Kazakh with Kyrgyz or Cossack",
                    "Stale script information during the transition",
                    "Political framing of language policy"
                ],
                "in_scope": [],
                "out_of_scope": [],
                "characteristics": []
            },
            "sources": [],
            "structure": {
                "bundles": [
                    {
                        "id": "understand",
                        "name": "Understand",
                        "description": "What Kazakh is.",
                        "rationale": "Definition.",
                        "layers": [
                            {
                                "id": "definition",
                                "name": "Definition",
                                "description": "Definition and classification.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "definition-finding",
                                        "name": "Definition",
                                        "description": "Definition.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "text": "What is Kazakh, where is it spoken, and how is it classified within Turkic?",
                                                "kind": "definition"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "text": "Is the question about Kazakh, Kyrgyz, Karakalpak or the Kazakh people?",
                                                "kind": "boundary"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            },
                            {
                                "id": "dialects",
                                "name": "Dialects",
                                "description": "Dialects.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "dialects-finding",
                                        "name": "Dialects",
                                        "description": "Dialects.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "text": "How do the Western, Northeastern and Southern dialects differ, and what is the standard based on?",
                                                "kind": "definition"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "text": "Which entry fits the specific dialect?",
                                                "kind": "action"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            }
                        ]
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "learn",
                        "name": "Learn",
                        "description": "Grammar and learning.",
                        "rationale": "Practice.",
                        "layers": [
                            {
                                "id": "grammar",
                                "name": "Grammar",
                                "description": "Grammar.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "grammar-finding",
                                        "name": "Grammar",
                                        "description": "Grammar.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "text": "What are the main features of Kazakh phonology, vowel harmony and agglutinative grammar?",
                                                "kind": "provenance"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "text": "Which references are standard?",
                                                "kind": "provenance"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            },
                            {
                                "id": "resources",
                                "name": "Resources",
                                "description": "Learning resources.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "resources-finding",
                                        "name": "Resources",
                                        "description": "Resources.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "text": "What dictionaries, courses and corpora exist for Kazakh?",
                                                "kind": "provenance"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "text": "Which sources are cited?",
                                                "kind": "provenance"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            }
                        ]
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "scripts",
                        "name": "Scripts",
                        "description": "Scripts and policy.",
                        "rationale": "Attribution.",
                        "layers": [
                            {
                                "id": "scripts",
                                "name": "Scripts",
                                "description": "Scripts.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "scripts-finding",
                                        "name": "Scripts",
                                        "description": "Scripts.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "text": "How has Kazakh been written in Arabic, Latin and Cyrillic scripts, and what is the current Latin transition, with positions attributed?",
                                                "kind": "provenance"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "text": "Is the presentation neutral and current?",
                                                "kind": "boundary"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            },
                            {
                                "id": "status",
                                "name": "Status",
                                "description": "Status.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "status-finding",
                                        "name": "Status",
                                        "description": "Status.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "text": "What is the legal status of Kazakh in Kazakhstan and among Kazakh communities abroad?",
                                                "kind": "provenance"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "text": "Which entry fits language policy in Kazakhstan?",
                                                "kind": "action"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            }
                        ]
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "context",
                        "name": "Context",
                        "description": "Culture and history.",
                        "rationale": "Context.",
                        "layers": [
                            {
                                "id": "literature",
                                "name": "Literature",
                                "description": "Literature.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "literature-finding",
                                        "name": "Literature",
                                        "description": "Literature.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "text": "What are the oral epic and literary traditions of Kazakh, from Abai to modern writers?",
                                                "kind": "provenance"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "text": "Which entry fits Kazakh literature?",
                                                "kind": "action"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            },
                            {
                                "id": "history",
                                "name": "History",
                                "description": "History.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "history-finding",
                                        "name": "History",
                                        "description": "History.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "text": "How did Kazakh develop from Kipchak and through the Soviet period?",
                                                "kind": "provenance"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "text": "Which entry fits the history of Kazakhstan?",
                                                "kind": "action"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            }
                        ]
                    }
                ]
            },
            "openQuestions": [
                "Should the Kazakh alphabets be a separate entry?",
                "How should linguistic sources be linked?",
                "The registry entry has merged aliases naming dialects and an obscure variant; should they be split off?"
            ],
            "statistics": {
                "bundles": 4,
                "layers": 8,
                "findings": 8,
                "questions": 16
            }
        },
        "draft": {
            "generator": "vr.draft.v3",
            "status": "draft-generated",
            "researched": false,
            "archetype": "work, medium or creative form",
            "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.",
            "facetsInferred": true,
            "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.",
            "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a Kazakh, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.",
            "whatItIs": "Let an agent explain the Kazakh language, its dialects and scripts, relay grammar and history from linguistic sources, describe its status and the Latin script transition with attribution, and distinguish Kazakh from Kyrgyz, Karakalpak and other Kipchak languages.",
            "characteristics": {
                "substance": "information",
                "origin": "conceptual",
                "agency": "inert"
            },
            "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [
                "read and interpreted",
                "observed and measured"
            ],
            "distinguishingFeatures": [
                "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: Qoqmončaq, Standard Kazakh, Western Kazakh, Northeastern Kazakh, Southern Kazakh, Kazakh in Arabic script, Kazakh in Cyrillic script, Kazakh in Latin script, Kazakh in China, Kazakh in Kazakhstan, Kazakh in Turkey.",
                "11 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.",
                "Described in 166 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is."
            ],
            "openQuestionsForResearch": [
                "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?",
                "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?",
                "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a Kazakh, and on what evidence are they told apart?"
            ],
            "whatItIsMadeOf": "content that has to be carried by something else",
            "physicalCharacter": [
                "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.",
                "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing."
            ],
            "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [
                "read it and act on what it says",
                "observe it, measure it, record its state"
            ],
            "howItIsRecognised": [
                "What is seen is a copy or a performance, not the work. Recognising the work means recognising the content through whatever is carrying it."
            ],
            "relatedModels": [
                {
                    "relation": "covers",
                    "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.",
                    "targets": [
                        "Qoqmončaq",
                        "Standard Kazakh",
                        "Western Kazakh",
                        "Northeastern Kazakh",
                        "Southern Kazakh",
                        "Kazakh in Arabic script",
                        "Kazakh in Cyrillic script",
                        "Kazakh in Latin script",
                        "Kazakh in China",
                        "Kazakh in Kazakhstan",
                        "Kazakh in Turkey"
                    ]
                }
            ],
            "standing": "Described in 166 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 11 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.",
            "structure": {
                "bundles": [
                    {
                        "id": "identity-and-classification",
                        "name": "Identity, naming and classification",
                        "description": "How an agent tells one Kazakh from another, and a Kazakh from things that resemble it.",
                        "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.",
                        "layers": [
                            {
                                "id": "naming-and-identifiers",
                                "name": "Names and identifiers",
                                "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases",
                                        "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names",
                                        "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01",
                                                "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a Kazakh, and in what units or vocabulary?",
                                                "kind": "definition",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "identifiers",
                                                    "types and classes",
                                                    "values with units",
                                                    "explicit unknowns"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02",
                                                "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a Kazakh, by which method, and when was it true?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "authority",
                                                    "method",
                                                    "evidence",
                                                    "event time",
                                                    "knowledge time"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03",
                                                "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a Kazakh is known, and what must it refuse?",
                                                "kind": "action",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "permitted actions",
                                                    "preconditions",
                                                    "refusals",
                                                    "escalation"
                                                ]
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    },
                                    {
                                        "id": "stable-identifiers",
                                        "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys",
                                        "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "stable-identifiers-q01",
                                                "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a Kazakh, and in what units or vocabulary?",
                                                "kind": "definition",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "identifiers",
                                                    "types and classes",
                                                    "values with units",
                                                    "explicit unknowns"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "stable-identifiers-q02",
                                                "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a Kazakh, by which method, and when was it true?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "authority",
                                                    "method",
                                                    "evidence",
                                                    "event time",
                                                    "knowledge time"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "stable-identifiers-q03",
                                                "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a Kazakh is known, and what must it refuse?",
                                                "kind": "action",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "permitted actions",
                                                    "preconditions",
                                                    "refusals",
                                                    "escalation"
                                                ]
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            },
                            {
                                "id": "classification-and-granularity",
                                "name": "Classification and granularity",
                                "description": "Where a Kazakh sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "kind-and-parents",
                                        "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds",
                                        "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "kind-and-parents-q01",
                                                "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a Kazakh, and in what units or vocabulary?",
                                                "kind": "definition",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "identifiers",
                                                    "types and classes",
                                                    "values with units",
                                                    "explicit unknowns"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "kind-and-parents-q02",
                                                "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a Kazakh, by which method, and when was it true?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "authority",
                                                    "method",
                                                    "evidence",
                                                    "event time",
                                                    "knowledge time"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "kind-and-parents-q03",
                                                "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a Kazakh is known, and what must it refuse?",
                                                "kind": "action",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "permitted actions",
                                                    "preconditions",
                                                    "refusals",
                                                    "escalation"
                                                ]
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    },
                                    {
                                        "id": "distinguishing-features",
                                        "name": "Distinguishing features",
                                        "description": "What separates a Kazakh from the things most often confused with it.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "distinguishing-features-q01",
                                                "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a Kazakh, and in what units or vocabulary?",
                                                "kind": "definition",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "identifiers",
                                                    "types and classes",
                                                    "values with units",
                                                    "explicit unknowns"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "distinguishing-features-q02",
                                                "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a Kazakh, by which method, and when was it true?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "authority",
                                                    "method",
                                                    "evidence",
                                                    "event time",
                                                    "knowledge time"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "distinguishing-features-q03",
                                                "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a Kazakh is known, and what must it refuse?",
                                                "kind": "action",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "permitted actions",
                                                    "preconditions",
                                                    "refusals",
                                                    "escalation"
                                                ]
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            }
                        ]
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "state-and-lifecycle",
                        "name": "State and lifecycle",
                        "description": "The states a Kazakh passes through and the events that move it between them.",
                        "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.",
                        "layers": [
                            {
                                "id": "lifecycle-stages",
                                "name": "Lifecycle stages",
                                "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "stages-and-transitions",
                                        "name": "Stages and transitions",
                                        "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a Kazakh between them.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01",
                                                "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a Kazakh, and in what units or vocabulary?",
                                                "kind": "definition",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "identifiers",
                                                    "types and classes",
                                                    "values with units",
                                                    "explicit unknowns"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02",
                                                "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a Kazakh, by which method, and when was it true?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "authority",
                                                    "method",
                                                    "evidence",
                                                    "event time",
                                                    "knowledge time"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03",
                                                "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a Kazakh is known, and what must it refuse?",
                                                "kind": "action",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "permitted actions",
                                                    "preconditions",
                                                    "refusals",
                                                    "escalation"
                                                ]
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            },
                            {
                                "id": "observations-and-status",
                                "name": "Observations and current status",
                                "description": "What is observed about a Kazakh, how often and by whom.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "observation-record",
                                        "name": "Observation record",
                                        "description": "How an observation of a Kazakh is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "observation-record-q01",
                                                "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a Kazakh, and in what units or vocabulary?",
                                                "kind": "definition",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "identifiers",
                                                    "types and classes",
                                                    "values with units",
                                                    "explicit unknowns"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "observation-record-q02",
                                                "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a Kazakh, by which method, and when was it true?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "authority",
                                                    "method",
                                                    "evidence",
                                                    "event time",
                                                    "knowledge time"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "observation-record-q03",
                                                "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a Kazakh is known, and what must it refuse?",
                                                "kind": "action",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "permitted actions",
                                                    "preconditions",
                                                    "refusals",
                                                    "escalation"
                                                ]
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            }
                        ]
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "content-and-access",
                        "name": "Content, encoding and access",
                        "description": "What a Kazakh says, how it is encoded and who may read it.",
                        "rationale": "An informational thing carries content that can be copied, versioned and withheld, none of which its physical carrier explains.",
                        "layers": [
                            {
                                "id": "content-and-encoding",
                                "name": "Content and encoding",
                                "description": "The content itself, its format and its language.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "content-and-format",
                                        "name": "Content, format and language",
                                        "description": "What a Kazakh contains and in what form it is held.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "content-and-format-q01",
                                                "text": "What identifies and describes the content of a Kazakh, and in what units or vocabulary?",
                                                "kind": "definition",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "identifiers",
                                                    "types and classes",
                                                    "values with units",
                                                    "explicit unknowns"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "content-and-format-q02",
                                                "text": "Who or what asserted this about the content of a Kazakh, by which method, and when was it true?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "authority",
                                                    "method",
                                                    "evidence",
                                                    "event time",
                                                    "knowledge time"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "content-and-format-q03",
                                                "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the content of a Kazakh is known, and what must it refuse?",
                                                "kind": "action",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "permitted actions",
                                                    "preconditions",
                                                    "refusals",
                                                    "escalation"
                                                ]
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            },
                            {
                                "id": "access-and-rights",
                                "name": "Access, rights and retention",
                                "description": "Who may read, copy or change it, and for how long it is kept.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "access-rules",
                                        "name": "Access rules and retention",
                                        "description": "The permissions attached to a Kazakh and the period it survives.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "access-rules-q01",
                                                "text": "What identifies and describes access to a Kazakh, and in what units or vocabulary?",
                                                "kind": "definition",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "identifiers",
                                                    "types and classes",
                                                    "values with units",
                                                    "explicit unknowns"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "access-rules-q02",
                                                "text": "Who or what asserted this about access to a Kazakh, by which method, and when was it true?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "authority",
                                                    "method",
                                                    "evidence",
                                                    "event time",
                                                    "knowledge time"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "access-rules-q03",
                                                "text": "What may an agent decide or do once access to a Kazakh is known, and what must it refuse?",
                                                "kind": "action",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "permitted actions",
                                                    "preconditions",
                                                    "refusals",
                                                    "escalation"
                                                ]
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            }
                        ]
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "work-and-manifestation",
                        "name": "Work, version and copy",
                        "description": "Which level of Kazakh a statement is about.",
                        "rationale": "The work, the edition, the file and the copy in hand are four things; rights and content attach to different ones.",
                        "layers": [
                            {
                                "id": "levels",
                                "name": "Levels of the thing",
                                "description": "Work, expression, manifestation and item, in plain terms.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "level-rules",
                                        "name": "What belongs at each level",
                                        "description": "Which facts hold for the work and which only for one copy.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "level-rules-q01",
                                                "text": "For Kazakh, which facts belong to the work itself, which to a version, and which to a single copy?",
                                                "kind": "boundary"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "level-rules-q02",
                                                "text": "What identifier exists at each level, and which one is being cited?",
                                                "kind": "definition"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            },
                            {
                                "id": "versions",
                                "name": "Versions, editions and variants",
                                "description": "How versions differ and which is canonical to whom.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "version-record",
                                        "name": "Versions and canonicity",
                                        "description": "Differences that matter and who calls one authoritative.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "version-record-q01",
                                                "text": "Which versions or editions of Kazakh exist, and how do they differ substantively?",
                                                "kind": "definition"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "version-record-q02",
                                                "text": "Who treats which version as authoritative, and for what purpose?",
                                                "kind": "provenance"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            }
                        ]
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "authorship-and-rights",
                        "name": "Authorship, rights and permitted use",
                        "description": "Who made Kazakh and what may be done with it.",
                        "rationale": "Rights are jurisdictional, time-limited and attached to a level, and an agent that ignores that will copy what it may not.",
                        "layers": [
                            {
                                "id": "authorship",
                                "name": "Authorship and contribution",
                                "description": "Who contributed what, and in what capacity.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "contribution-record",
                                        "name": "Contributors and roles",
                                        "description": "The people and bodies behind it, with their roles.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "contribution-record-q01",
                                                "text": "Who authored or contributed to Kazakh, in what roles, and how is that attested?",
                                                "kind": "provenance"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "contribution-record-q02",
                                                "text": "Where authorship is disputed or anonymous, what is recorded instead?",
                                                "kind": "boundary"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            },
                            {
                                "id": "rights",
                                "name": "Rights and permissions",
                                "description": "Which rights subsist, where, until when, and what they permit.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "rights-record",
                                        "name": "Rights, term and permitted acts",
                                        "description": "The regime in force and what it allows.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "rights-record-q01",
                                                "text": "What rights subsist in Kazakh, in which jurisdictions, and until when?",
                                                "kind": "definition"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "rights-record-q02",
                                                "text": "Which acts are permitted without further permission, and which must an agent refuse?",
                                                "kind": "action"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            }
                        ]
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "provenance-and-evidence",
                        "name": "Provenance, evidence and time",
                        "description": "Where every claim about a Kazakh came from and when it held.",
                        "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.",
                        "layers": [
                            {
                                "id": "source-and-authority",
                                "name": "Source and authority",
                                "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "claim-provenance",
                                        "name": "Claim provenance and confidence",
                                        "description": "The authority behind each claim about a Kazakh and how confident it is.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "claim-provenance-q01",
                                                "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a Kazakh, and in what units or vocabulary?",
                                                "kind": "definition",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "identifiers",
                                                    "types and classes",
                                                    "values with units",
                                                    "explicit unknowns"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "claim-provenance-q02",
                                                "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a Kazakh, by which method, and when was it true?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "authority",
                                                    "method",
                                                    "evidence",
                                                    "event time",
                                                    "knowledge time"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "claim-provenance-q03",
                                                "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a Kazakh is known, and what must it refuse?",
                                                "kind": "action",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "permitted actions",
                                                    "preconditions",
                                                    "refusals",
                                                    "escalation"
                                                ]
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            },
                            {
                                "id": "time-and-versions",
                                "name": "Time, versions and supersession",
                                "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "validity-and-supersession",
                                        "name": "Validity period and supersession",
                                        "description": "How an old claim about a Kazakh is retired without being erased.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01",
                                                "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a Kazakh, and in what units or vocabulary?",
                                                "kind": "definition",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "identifiers",
                                                    "types and classes",
                                                    "values with units",
                                                    "explicit unknowns"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02",
                                                "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a Kazakh, by which method, and when was it true?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "authority",
                                                    "method",
                                                    "evidence",
                                                    "event time",
                                                    "knowledge time"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03",
                                                "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a Kazakh is known, and what must it refuse?",
                                                "kind": "action",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "permitted actions",
                                                    "preconditions",
                                                    "refusals",
                                                    "escalation"
                                                ]
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            }
                        ]
                    }
                ]
            },
            "statistics": {
                "bundles": 6,
                "layers": 12,
                "findings": 14,
                "questions": 38
            }
        }
    }
}